云南省尖顶蚱属二新种（直翅目：蚱科）

记述采自云南省高黎贡山地区尖顶蚱属 Teredorus Hancock 2 新种,即拟短背尖顶蚱 T. brachinotoides, sp. nov. 及周氏尖顶蚱 T. choui sp. nov.。拟短背尖顶蚱近似于短背尖顶蚱,主要区别为:1)体长为体宽的 2.42-2.70 倍;2)侧面观颜面隆起在侧单眼前略凹陷;3)前胸背板总长超过后足股节顶端部分长的9.35倍;4)后足股节内侧黄褐色,基部黑色;5)后足股节下侧内面黄褐色,具2黑斑,外面黑色;6)腹部腹板黄褐色。周氏尖顶蚱近似于白边尖顶蚱,主要区别为:1)前胸背板后突超过后足股节顶端部分长3.50-4.00 mm(♂)或 2.80-3.00 mm(♀);2)前翅长为宽的2.50倍;3)中足股节宽与前翅等宽;4)前胸背板中隆线黑白相间;5)前胸背板侧面色与背板同色;6)后足股节下侧非黑色;7)后足股节内侧黑色。文中附有尖顶蚱属已知种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

中国广东省扁角蚱属一新种(直翅目,蚱总科,扁角蚱科)(英文)

记述扁角蚱属9种,包括采自广东省南岭地区1新种,即黑胫扁角蚱Flatocerus nigritibialis sp.nov.,附有分种检索表,新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。黑胫扁角蚱,新种Flatocerus nigritibialis sp.nov.(图1~3)新种近似于武夷山扁角蚱Flatocerus wuyishanensis Zheng,1991,主要区别为:1)头顶宽为1眼宽的1.25倍;2)前胸背板后突到达后足股节顶端;3)雌性下生殖板后缘中央钝角形突出;4)后足股节下侧外面黑色;5)后足胫节黑色。新种也近似于赤水扁角蚱Flatocerus chichuiensis Zhenget Shi,2006,主要区别为:1)沟前区缺侧隆线;2)后翅到达后足股节顶端;3)雌性下生殖板后缘中央钝角形突出。正模♀,副模1♀,广东省乳源(南岭国家森林公园),海拔800m,2010-08-24,白义采。词源:新种种名以拉丁词nigr黑及tibia胫节为名。     

中国悠背蚱属一新种记述(直翅目,蚱总科,蚱科)

记述采自广西九万山地区悠背蚱属1新种,即拟毛股悠背蚱,新种 Euparatettix barbifemuraoides sp.nov..模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室.拟毛股悠背蚱.新种 Euparatettix barbifemuraoides sp.nov.(图1～2)新种近似于Euparatettix gongshanensis Zheng,1992,主要区别为:1)头顶前缘不突出于复眼之前;2)沟前区侧隆线向后收缩;3)前胸背板侧缘在肩后略收缩;4)前足及中足股节下缘多长毛.新种与毛股悠背蚱Euparatettix barbifenura Zheng et Ou,2003,相似,但它的前胸背板后突超过后足股节的顶端及后翅超过前胸背板后突的顶端.正模♂,广西罗城(九万山),700m,2006-07-21,邓维安采;副模3♂♂;广西罗城(九万山),500m,2007-06-08.秦晶晶采.     

青海省蚱属一新种记述(直翅目,蚱科)

记述采自青海省蚱属1新种,即黑胫蚱Tetrix nigrotibialis sp.nov.。新种近似于二斑蚱Tetrix bipunctata(Linnaeus)及拟二斑蚱Tetrixparabi punctata Zheng,其与上述2种的主要区别:1)前胸背板前缘平直;2)触角长于前足股节长的1.3倍;3)侧面观前胸背板上缘弧形隆起,中部平直;4)肩部之间不具1对短纵隆线;5)前胸背板后突到达后足股节顶端;6)后足股节下侧及后足胫节黑色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室(正模)及青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院(副模)。     

云南省突眼蚱属一新种（直翅目：蚱科）

记述采自云南省突眼蚱属 1 新种,即龙陵突眼蚱 Ergatettix longlingensis sp. nov.。该新种近似于拟齿股突眼蚱。主要区别为:1)触角着生于复眼下缘之下;2)前胸背板沟前区侧隆线略收缩;3)前胸背板后突到达后足股节顶端;4)后翅到达后突顶端;5)后足股节上侧中隆线具二叶状突;6)后足股节下侧外面非黑色;7)后足胫节暗褐色。文中附有中国突眼蚱属分种检索表。模式标本现保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

中国玛蚱属一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科)

记述采自广西地区短翼蚱科玛蚱属Mazarredia Bolivar 1新种:黑翅玛蚱Mazarredia nigripennis, sp. nov.。该新种近似于短背玛蚱Mazarredia brachynota Zheng,主要区别为:1)颜面隆起纵沟狭于触角基节的宽度;2)在肩部之间具1对短纵隆线;3)背板后突到达后足胫节基部;4)后翅到达后突的顶端;5)中足股节宽于前翅能见部分的宽度。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室(2♂♂)和河池学院动物标本室(1♂)。     

中国贵州赫蚱属一新种记述(直翅目,蚱总科,刺翼蚱科)

记述采自贵州施秉赫蚱属Hebarditettix 1 新种,短背赫蚱Hebarditettix brachynotus sp.nov.,并附有分种检索表.模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物所标本室(2♀♀).短背赫蚱,新种Hebarditettix brachynotus sp.nov.(图1～4)新种与长背赫蚱Hebarditettix dolichonota Zheng,2008相似,主要区别:前胸背板侧片后角横向伸出;侧面观前胸背板上缘平直;后突短,到达后足胫节的前1/3处;前足股节下缘略波状,下缘后半部具1列小齿突;后足跗节第1节与第3节等长.正模♀,贵州施秉(云台山),海拔950 m,2012-08-09,邓维安采.副模1♀,同正模.     

河南蚱属二新种记述(直翅目:蚱科)

记述采自河南省蚱科二新种,即鸡公山蚱Tetrix jigongshanensis sp. nov.和突背蚱Tetrix glochinota sp. nov..鸡公山蚱近似于凹额蚱Tetrix cavifrontalis Liang, 1998, 主要区别为:1)头顶前缘平直;2)侧面观,头顶与额面隆起呈钝角形;3)侧面观,额面隆在侧单眼前直,不凹陷;4)侧观,前胸背板上缘呈弧形;5)前胸背板前缘钝角形突出;6)后突到达后足股节中部;7)后翅略不到达后突顶端;8)中足股节明显宽于前翅宽.突背蚱近似于仿蚱Tetrix simulans(B.-Bienko, 1929)及云龙蚱Tetrix yunlongensis Zheng et Mao, 2002, 其与二者的区别为:1)头顶前缘平直;2)侧面观,背板上缘前半部球形突出,后半段平直;3)后突到达后足股节顶端.其区别于前者为:1)侧面观,额面隆起在侧单眼前凹陷;2)中足股节宽于前翅等宽.其区别于后者为头顶宽为一眼宽的1.7倍.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

浙江突眼蚱属一新种(直翅目,蚱总科,蚱科)

记述采自中国浙江蚱科突眼蚱属Ergatettix Kirby,1914 1新种,浙江突眼蚱Ergatettix zhejiangensis sp.nov..新种同突眼蚱Ergatettix dorsifera(Walker,1871)近似,其区别特征为:头顶宽大于复眼宽;前胸背板中隆线明显呈波状,具8个波;颜面隆起纵沟两侧隆线平行;后足股节长为最宽处的3.0倍.模式标本保存于河北大学生命科学学院.     

拟科蚱属的分类研究及一新种记述（直翅目： 短翼蚱科）

拟科蚱属Cotysoides建立于2000年, 该属的主要特征为体小型; 头顶前缘突出于复眼之前; 触角丝状, 着生于复眼前缘下1/3处; 前胸背板背面密具小瘤突; 中隆线波状, 形成一连串小突起; 后突不超过后足股节顶端; 前胸背板侧片外翻, 后角顶平截; 后翅不达后突顶端; 后足跗节第1节长于第3节。本文记述拟科蚱属6种, 包括1新种, 即断隆拟科蚱Cotysoides interruptus sp. nov. 该新种近似于广西拟科蚱Cotysoides guangxiensis Zheng et Jiang, 2000, 主要区别为： 1）头顶为一眼宽的1.5倍; 2）前胸背板侧片前角钝角形; 3）后翅伸达后足股节膝部; 4）中足股节宽狭于前翅宽; 5）雌性下生殖板后缘中央三角形突出。附有分种检索表、 分布及文献引证。新种的模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所及西南林业大学博物馆。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.