湖北蚁科二新种记述(膜翅目,蚁科)

记述了采自湖北省的蚁科昆虫2新种,即九宫山凹头臭蚁Phildris jiugongshanensis sp.nov.和七齿前结蚁Prenolepis septemdenta sp.nov．。文中提供了凹头臭蚁属Philidris Shattuck和前结蚁属Prenlepis Mayr在我国所有种的检索表。新种模式标本保存于湖北民族学院昆虫标本室。     

中国云南臭蚁属二新种记述 (膜翅目:蚁科)

描述了中国云南省南部热带雨林臭蚁属Dolichoderus Lund 2新种.目前为止已在中国记载该属昆虫10种:西伯利亚臭蚁D.sibiricus Emery、鞍背臭蚁D.sagmanotus Xu,sp.nov.、费氏臭蚁D.feae Emery、黑腹臭蚁D.taprobanae(Smith)、平背臭蚁D.flatidorsus Zhou、毛臭蚁D.pilosus Zhou、邻臭蚁D.affinis Emery、凹头臭蚁D.incisus Xu、黑可可臭蚁D.thoracicus(Smith)、鳞结臭蚁D.squamanodus Xu,sp.nov..提供了10个中国已知种的工蚁分种检索表.     

中国云南溴蚊属二新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）

描述了中国云南省南部热带雨林臭蚁属Dolichoderus Lund 2新种。目前为止巳在中国记载该属昆虫10种：西伯利亚臭蚁D.sibiricus Emery、鞍背臭蚁D.sagmanotus Xu,sp.nov.、费氏臭蚁D.feae Emery、黑腹臭蚁D.taprobanae(Smith)、平背臭蚁D.flatidorsus Zhou、毛臭蚁D.pilosus Zhou、邻臭蚁D.affinis Emery、凹头臭蚁D.incisus Xu、黑可可臭蚁D.thoracicus (Smith)、鳞结臭蚁D.squamanodus Xu,sp.nov.。提供了10个中国巳知种的工蚁分布检索表。     

切叶蚁亚科七属十二种的分子系统学研究

测定了切叶蚁亚科7属12种的线粒体CO1、CO2的部分基因及完整的tRNA_Leu基因DNA序列,对DNA序列进行了分析,对tRNA_Leu 基因进行了二级结构分析;根据DNA序列数据和氨基酸序列数据,以臭蚁亚科的Forelius chalybaeus作为外群,采用最大似然法(ML)、最大简约法(MP)、邻接法(NJ)、未加权组对算术平均法(UPGMA)构建分子系统树,通过自举检验,得到自举置信水平,以此检验该分子系统树的可靠性。研究结果显示,基于以上基因的分子系统分析与传统分类分析的结果基本一致,且在属级的一致性高于种级的一致性。     

基于Cytb基因的九种多刺蚁(膜翅目:蚁科)的分子系统学

为了提供我国多刺蚁属(Polyrhachis)昆虫的分子系统学资料,我们对9种多刺蚁的mtDNA的Cytb部分序列进行测定和分析.在所得465个位点的序列中,变异位点152个,占32.7%,碱基T、C、A和G的平均含量分别为42.0%、19.6%、29.2%和9.2%,A+T平均含量71.2%.在氨基酸组成上,共编码155个氨基酸.碱基替换主要发生在密码子第三位点,转换频率大于颠换频率,转换主要发生在T与C之间,颠换主要发生在T与A.以弓背蚁属(Camponotus)的黄斑弓背蚁(C.albosparsus)和浅毛弓背蚁(C.albivillosus)为外群,用NJ、MP及贝叶斯推论法构建系统发育树.本研究结果与经典分类结果相符:在9种多刺蚁中,Myrmhopla亚属的双齿多刺蚁(P.dives)独立成为一支,分化较早,位于系统进化树的最底部,最早分化出来;而Myrma亚属的亚毛多刺蚁(P.subpilosa)、梅氏多刺蚁(P.illaudata)、警觉多刺蚁(P.vigilans)以及拟梅氏多刺蚁(P.proxima)聚合成一支,位于系统进化树的最顶端,它们的亲缘关系相近,属于较进化的类群.但是Polyrhachis亚属的叶形多刺蚁(P.lamellidens)和Cyrtomyma亚属的结多刺蚁(P.rastellata)的进化关系仍需要进一步探讨.     

中国臭蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科)

记述了采自中国湖北省恩施市大吉镇的臭蚁属Dolichoderus Lund 1新种：大吉臭蚁D．dajiensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

应用COⅠ基因序列探讨中国蚱总科四亚科部分物种的系统发生关系(英文)

通过测定蚱科26种蚱的线粒体DNA细胞色素c氧化酶Ⅰ基因的部分序列,分析了蚱亚科、短翼蚱亚科、刺翼蚱亚科及股沟蚱亚科部分物种的系统发育关系。以蜢总科的Vandiemenella viatica和Proriferasp.作为外群,构建了MP树和Bayes树。在获得的598bp的序列中,有289个变异位点,253个简约信息位点; A、T、G和C的碱基平均含量分别为31.6% ,32.7% ,19.5% ,16.2% , A+T含量高于G+C含量。分子系统树显示:蚱亚科尖顶蚱属和该亚科其他属的亲缘关系较远,而与短翼蚱亚科的狭顶蚱属有较近的亲缘关系。尖顶蚱属的广西尖顶蚱聚在短翼蚱科内,与该亚科的尖翅狭顶蚱形成姐妹群且支持两者关系的置信度很高,广西尖顶蚱不应属于蚱亚科尖顶蚱属。龙滩柯蚱与蚱属的桂南蚱形成姐妹关系,而庭蚱属的细庭蚱聚在柯蚱属中,且蚱亚科柯蚱属的防城柯蚱与刺翼蚱亚科的二刺羊角蚱形成姐妹关系,因此柯蚱属不是单系群,作为一个单独的属是可疑的;蚱属不是单系群,日本蚱也不是蚱属中的原始物种,锯齿股蚱和粗体蚱碱基序列完全相同,再次证明二者为同一物种。     

基于COⅡ基因序列的斑腿蝗科部分亚科的分子系统学研究

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了斑腿蝗科10个亚科16属22种的COⅡ基因585 bp的片段, 对序列的碱基组成进行了分析,并评估了数据集的系统发育信号;最后,以癞蝗科的肃南 短鼻蝗作为外群,采用NJ法、MP法、ML法以及贝叶斯推论法构建了系统树,以解决这些物种所代表的亚科之间的系统发育关系。结果表明：22种斑腿蝗科昆虫的COⅡ基因序列碱基组成表现强烈的A+T含量偏向性。对COⅡ基因585 bp序列片段构成的全数据组和根据密码子不同位点划分的密码子第一、第二和第三位点数据组的系统发育信号分析显示,所有数据组都具有一定的系统发育信息。在4种方法得到的合一树中发现： （1）星翅蝗亚科、刺胸蝗亚科、黑背蝗亚科、斑腿蝗亚科的亲缘关系较近;（2）卵翅蝗亚科与稻蝗亚科亲缘关系较近,建议卵翅蝗亚科似乎应归入稻蝗亚科中,板胸蝗亚科与这两个亚科的关系较近;（3）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科似乎应合并为一个亚科;（4）切翅蝗亚科的4个属未聚在一起,表明这些属的区别较大,不是一个单系群;（5）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科关系较近,且与本研究中其他几个亚科的亲缘关系相对较远。研究结果表明COⅡ基因在解决斑腿蝗科的亚科以下属种间的系统发育关系时是一个有效的分子标记。     

中国蚁科新纪录属及一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科)(英文)

本文记述蚁科昆虫一中国新纪录属：凹头臭蚁属PhilidrisShattuck及该属一新种：南方凹头臭蚁P．notialasp.nov.。新种与粗凹头臭蚁P．cruda（Smith）相似,主要区别为：唇基前缘平直;上颚咀嚼缘具10齿,其基缘远端具一列清晰的细齿;体具中等密度的直立毛和丰富的茸毛。正模工蚁,广西北流市,1995年8月26日,沈文铭采．副模5工蚁,记载同正模．正模标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所,副模标本保存于广西师范大学生物系。     

从泰国进口椰色果中截获南方凹头臭蚁

依据形态学特征,对截获自泰国进口椰色果上的凹头臭蚁进行种类鉴定。经鉴定,该批凹头臭蚁为南方凹头臭蚁Philidris notiala ZhouZheng,经中国检验检疫科学研究院动植物检疫信息资源共享服务平台查询,系全国口岸首次截获。南方凹头臭蚁由周善义等人于1998年描述,此前仅知分布于中国广西的北流市,本次从来自泰国的椰色果上检出,是其在泰国分布的首次报道,是泰国新记录种。通过记述南方凹头臭蚁工蚁的形态特征,首次描述了该种雌蚁形态特征,给出了其与近缘种的区别,列出了世界凹头臭蚁属名录及分布信息,拍摄了工蚁和雌蚁成虫整体图,为该种的检疫鉴定、分布调查及防治提供参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.