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近年来,关于白头叶猴的分类地位颇有争议,争论的焦点是白头叶猴是一个独立种还是黑叶猴Trachypithecus francoisi 的一个亚种. 相似文献
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开展近缘物种觅食行为比较对理解动物的行为可塑性及适应性具有重要意义。白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)和黑叶猴(T.francoisi)是近缘物种,体形大小相近,社会结构和栖息环境相似,是广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区喀斯特季节性雨林中邻域分布的灵长类。为了探索两个物种在喀斯特生境中是否有相似的觅食策略,我们于2012年1—12月采用瞬时扫描取样法对两种叶猴的觅食行为进行研究。结果表明,白头叶猴与黑叶猴在不同时段均为叶食性,树叶是两种叶猴各个时段主要食物,其中白头叶猴日均取食树叶77.0%±4.4%,黑叶猴日均取食68.9%±8.3%,两者对树叶的采食比例均没有显著的日时段差异(白头叶猴:χ2=6.602,df=11,P=0.830;黑叶猴:χ2=11.393,df=11,P=0.411)。两种叶猴的觅食行为都在猴群清晨离开夜宿石洞后和进入过夜山洞前的时段中频繁发生。白头叶猴在09:00—10:59和16:00—17:59出现觅食高峰,时间占比分别为41.7%和46.3%;黑叶猴同样在09:00—10:59... 相似文献
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广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区及周边区域黑叶猴种群数量与分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2012年10~12月采用访问法、小区蹲点数量统计方法对广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区驮逐片及周边相邻的昌平片的黑叶猴种群数量与分布进行了调查。结果显示,驮逐片黑叶猴分布面积为9714 hm2,种群数量为10群55只;昌平片黑叶猴分布面积为1073 hm2,种群数量为7群33只;两处合计为17群88只。驮逐片和昌平片黑叶猴种群数量分别占广西黑叶猴种群数量的14%和10%。驮逐片通过加强能力建设、宣传力度和保护力度,昌平片通过建立自然保护小区,加大对黑叶猴及其栖息地的保护力度。 相似文献
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时间过得飞快,转眼间我们便踏上了回途的列车,但四天的考察生活却历历在目,记忆犹新,因为这次活动让我感受颇多!脑海中闪现着白头叶猴黑白相间的毛发在碧绿树冠、山崖峭壁上时隐时现的画面,它们甚是聪明,甚是可爱!在这美好景象的背后,这群可爱的小精灵有着难以言表的苦衷和悲惨的历史。在广西还未建立白头叶猴保护区时,它们一直生活在水深火热之中,因为当时广西生产一种酒——乌猿酒,这酒是由白头叶猴和它的近亲黑叶猴的尸体经过加工之后做成的。 相似文献
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非人灵长类动物的母婴关系是婴猴第一次重要的社会体验,对婴猴的生长发育、正常社会行为以及心理健康都具有重要意义。因此,母婴关系研究一直是灵长类学研究的热点之一。为深入了解白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)母婴关系的发展和影响因素,2009年9月至2010年8月,我们以广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区岜盆片区的一群野生白头叶猴为研究对象,记录其母婴行为的发生持续时长和发生频次,结合婴猴月龄和性别,探究婴猴月龄和性别对白头叶猴母婴关系的影响。结果表明:婴猴月龄显著影响白头叶猴的母婴关系。随着婴猴月龄的不断增长,母猴对婴猴的保护也随之逐渐减少,表明婴猴的发育是从依赖母猴到逐步独立融入社群的过程。婴猴性别对母婴行为的持续时间无显著影响,但在发生频次上母猴对雌性婴猴的照顾明显多于雄性婴猴。婴猴性别对母婴间的理毛行为、含乳行为均无显著影响,但对怀抱行为具有显著影响。白头叶猴母猴对不同性别的婴猴采取不同的照顾方式,这可能与雄性婴猴和雌性婴猴未来所承担的社会角色不同有关。 相似文献
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利用红外相机对广西崇左白头叶猴自然保护区兽类和鸟类资源的初步调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区属于典型的喀斯特地貌,分布着丰富的野生动物资源。为掌握保护区内大中型兽类和林下鸟类资源现状,我们在保护区驮逐片区布设60个红外相机调查位点,于2017年1月至2018年1月开展了连续监测。共收集4848份独立有效相片,经鉴定为16种兽类和29种鸟类,包括2种国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物和9种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)、北树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和食蟹獴(Herpestes urva)的相对多度指数分别位于兽类前五位;白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、蓝背八色鸫(Pitta soror)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)以及黑冠鳽(Gorsachius melanolophus)的相对多度指数分别位于鸟类前四位。活动节律分析结果表明小泡巨鼠和鼬獾为夜行性动物,野猪、食蟹獴、白鹇和蓝背八色鸫为昼行性动物。核心区、缓冲区和实验区的物种数和多样性指数均无显著差异。本研究结果初步了解了崇左保护区内大中型兽类及林下鸟类物种组成、相对数量及空间分布,为后期的科研工作及保护管理提供了丰富的基础资料。 相似文献
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通过连续两年的田间试验,系统、全面地研究了棉花对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)的形态抗虫作用。研究结果表明:在小区试验条件下,以百株累积卵量、百株平均幼虫量及百株平均蕾铃受害量为考察指标,红叶可使危害减轻28.1%、31.45%和36.O%;鸡脚叶可使其下降19.0%、25.4%和28.4%;窄卷苞叶使其降低25.8%、32.9%和34.0%;光叶使各指标分别降低32.7%、35.1%和37.3%。高棉酚(油腺)抗性主要表现为对幼虫的抗生作用,使幼虫量下降了45.1%,使蕾铃受害量下降了51.4%。此外,研究还表明,两种抗虫性状的抗性效果有累加作用,鸡脚叶与红叶联合作用使三项指标分别下降达48.3%、55.2%和57.9%;红叶与窄卷苞叶则使危害减轻了52.7%、58.3%和60.6%;具有光叶与较密油腺两个抗虫性状的品种受害可减轻29.9%、54.9%和58.3%。将一些具有相对性状的品种进行杂交,其F1有不同的抗虫表现。红叶、鸡脚叶和光叶品种与其对照杂交后的F1代因在不同程度上保持了抗虫性状故能表现出抗性,而窄卷苞叶品种与其对照杂交后F1代苞叶正常,则未能表现出抗性。因小区条件限制了无蜜腺抗性的表达,无蜜腺小区未表现出明显差异。 相似文献
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Tong Jin De‐Zhi Wang Qing Zhao Li‐Jie Yin Da‐Gong Qin Wen‐Zhong Ran Wen‐Shi Pan 《American journal of primatology》2009,71(7):558-566
Understanding the reproductive parameters of endangered primate species is vital for evaluating the status of populations and developing adequate conservation measures. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the reproductive parameters of wild white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus), based on demographic data collected over an 8‐year period in the Nongguan Karst Hills in Chongzuo County, Guangxi, China. From 1998 to 2002, a total of 133 live births were recorded in the population based on systematic censuses. Births occurred throughout the year, but the temporal pattern was highly correlated with seasonal variation in temperature and rainfall, with the birth peak coinciding with the dry and cold months of November–March. The average birthrate was 0.47±0.13 births per female per year and mortality for infants younger than 20 months was 15.8%. From 1998 to 2006, 14 females gave birth to 41 infants in four focal groups. The average age at first birth for female langurs was 5–6 years (n=5) and the interbirth interval (IBI) was 23.2±5.2 months (median=24.5 months, n=27). Infants are weaned at 19–21 months of age. The IBI for females with infant loss before weaning was significantly shorter than those for females whose infants survived. It appears that birth seasonality in the white‐headed langurs is influenced by seasonal changes in food availability. The timing of conceptions was found to coincide with peak food availability. The reproductive parameters for white‐headed langurs reported here are quite similar to those reported for other colobine species. One major difference is our observation of lower infant mortality in Trachypithecus. Am. J. Primatol. 71:558–566, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Fengyan Liu Youbang Li Kechu Zhang Jipeng Liang Dengpan Nong Zhonghao Huang 《Ecology and evolution》2022,12(7)
Understanding how animals cope with habitat‐specific environmental factors can assist in species conservation management. We studied the habitat use of four groups (two large and two small groups) of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) living in the forest of southwest Guangxi, China between September 2016 and February 2017 via instantaneous scan sampling. Our results showed that the langurs primarily used hillsides (55.91% ± 6.47%), followed by cliffs (29.70% ± 5.48%), hilltops (7.26% ± 3.55%), flat zones (6.99% ± 6.58%), and farmlands (0.14% ± 0.28%). The langurs moved most frequently on hillsides (49.35% ± 6.97%) and cliffs (35.60% ± 9.17%). The hillsides were more frequently used (66.94% ± 7.86%) during feeding, and the langurs increased the use of hilltops during the rainy season, and the use of cliffs in the dry season. The langurs frequently rested on hillsides (49.75% ± 8.16%) and cliffs (38.93% ± 8.02%). The larger langur group used cliffs more frequently when moving and resting, whereas the small langur group used hillsides more frequently while resting. Langurs in all groups avoided the flat zones for feeding. Their use of habitat reflected the balancing of foraging needs, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance. We conclude that the ecological factors are determinants of habitat use for white‐headed langurs. Our findings suggest that conservation efforts should focus on protecting the vegetation on the hillsides and restoring the vegetation on the flat zones. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Most studies on cactus recruitment have focused on the role of woody plants as seedling facilitators. Although the spatial association of cacti with objects had been described, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. The aims of this study were to identify which mechanisms facilitate the establishment of a columnar cactus under the shade and protection of objects and to compare these mechanisms with those involved in plant-plant facilitation. METHODS: Three split-split-plot field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of two microhabitats (inside rocky cavities and beneath plant canopies) on seed removal, germination, seedling survivorship and dry weight. Flat, open spaces were used as the control. For each microhabitat, the effect of seed or seedling protection and substrate limitation were explored; aboveground microclimate and some soil properties were also characterized. KEY RESULTS: The permanence of superficial seeds was greater inside rocky cavities than beneath woody plant canopies or on flat, open areas. Germination was similar in cavities and beneath plant canopies, but significantly higher than on flat, open areas. Seedling survivorship was greater beneath plant canopies than inside cavities or on flat, open spaces. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanisms of plant facilitation are different from those of object facilitation. There are seed-seedling conflicts involved in the recruitment of P. leucocephalus: nurse plants favour mainly seedling survivorship by providing a suitable microenvironment, while nurse objects mainly favour seed permanence, by protecting them from predators. 相似文献
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栖息地质量对黑叶猴活动时间分配的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
2005 年9 月至2006 年8 月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区和扶绥珍贵动物保护区各选择一群黑叶猴作为研究对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集相关的行为数据。通过比较两个地理种群活动时间分配的数据来探讨栖息地质量对黑叶猴活动时间分配的影响。结果表明:生活在低质量栖息生境的黑叶猴猴群较生活在高质量栖息生境的猴群花费更多的时间休息和觅食,而用于移动和社会活动的时间相应减少。分析表明,栖息地质量的差异所造成的食物可获得性以及食物组成的差异可能是影响黑叶猴群活动时间分配差异的重要因素。虽然不同活动的峰值在日活动节律中出现的时间存在差异,但总的日活动节律在不同地理种群中表现出相同的趋势,即早晨和下午出现两个明显的觅食高峰,而中午则是长时间的休息;移动的高峰通常发生在觅食高峰之前。 相似文献
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Jie X Yang W Jie Y Hashim JH Liu XY Fan QY Yan L 《Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology》2010,89(5):418-428
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether gestational exposure to major environmental endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, nonylphenol (NP), would lead to nerve behavioral and learning and memory capacity alterations in the male offspring of rats, and reproductive development alterations in the male offspring of rats. METHODS: Dams were gavaged with NP at a dose level of 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day daily from gestational day 9 to 15, and at a dose level of 40 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day daily from gestational day 14 to 19 (transplacental exposures). RESULTS: Exposure to 200 mg/kg/day NP produced a significant decrease in learning and memory functions in offspring rats (P<0.05) in Morris water maze task, as demonstrated by the increased escape latency and number of error. In Step‐down Avoidance Test, offspring rats exposed to NP spent more reaction time (RT) and presented lower latency to first step‐down than the control offspring (P<0.01). In utero exposure to 80 and 200 mg/kg/day NP produced a significant decrease in the number of live pups per litter and ratio of anogenital distance to body length on PND 0 (P<0.05), and also testes and prostate weight, activities of ALP, plasma testosterone concentration, cauda epididymis sperm counts, daily sperm production et al. respectively on PND 90 (P<0.05). Histopathological examination of the brain biopsy illustrates that exposure to NP at high dose induces the presence of abnormal distribution of spermatozoa showed in lumina of the seminiferous tubules, and absence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. CONCLUSION: Gestational exposure to nonylphenol might induce neurotoxic and reproductive toxic effects on F1 male rats. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:418–428, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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过去二十年贵州黑叶猴分布与种群动态及致危因子分析(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过整理相关文献与政府报告数据并结合我们在贵州的最新调查与监测数据,总结过去20年间黑叶猴在贵州的分布、种群变动及其所面临的主要威胁,并在此基础上提出相关的保护管理建议。贵州黑叶猴野生种群在过去20年间增长了约10%~20%:从20世纪90年代的约109群1000只增加到现在的约132~137群1160~1200只。但同期黑叶猴已从5个原有的分布点绝迹,现仅存于大沙河、柏箐、麻阳河、宽阔水和野钟等5个保护区,总面积约912km2。现有的5个隔离分布点保存有全球黑叶猴野生种群(1800~2000)的约62%,是黑叶猴物种保存的最关键地区,并应该给于保护管理的优先考虑。偷猎压力在贵州相对较小:在过去的20年间仅有3次偷猎的官方记录。黑叶猴在贵州所面临的主要威胁是栖息地的丧失与退化。其主要表现形式有:以农作物和烟草种植为目的的耕地扩大,以做饭、取暖以及烟叶烘烤为目的的薪材需求,以及家畜(主要是山羊)的过度放牧。 相似文献