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1.
One type of soil collected from Maoer-shan in Heilongjiang Province,China was selected to induce hyphal growth of Tricholoma matsutake by a soil screening experiment.It was confirmed that hyphal growth of all the tested T.matsutake isolates was significantly stimulated in soil by supplemented with 0.5%~2.0% olive oil.The aggregation of hyphae and soil resembled natural Shiro.The biomass of hyphae in the soil increases with increasing olive oil concentrations.Moreover,seedlings of Pinus densiflora grew well in the soil containing 0.5%~1.0% olive oil and were also successfully infected by T.matsutake isolate A in the soil containing 1.0% olive oil.This study established a culture system of artificial Shiro formation and also provided a premise for formulation of culture substratum for fruit body formation of T.matsutake. 相似文献
2.
The incorporation of Tweens (1 %, 2 %, 5 %) or olive oil (1 %, 2 %) in soil or in soil-containing substrate strongly stimulated
mycelial growth of the edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom Tricholoma matsutake (Matsutake) after 1 or 3 months, respectively. The growth responses to Tween 40 and Tween 80 were dose-dependent. Fungal
biomass increased up to 15-fold as a result of olive oil incorporation. After 4 months of Matsutake/pine co-culture in the
presence of olive oil (2 %), compact aggregates of substrate, hyphae, and surface-colonized roots were observed, recalling
in some ways the mycelial mat structure of Matsutake in the field, i.e. Shiro. Olive oil did not prevent formation of well-developed
Hartig net palmettis although those seemed rather less abundant than without oil addition. The incorporation of Tween 80 or
olive oil (2 %) into nutrient agar induced the proliferation of peripheral hydrophilic-like hyphae penetrating the medium.
Tricholoma matsutake growth stimulation, possibly related to the presence of fatty acids in surfactants and oil, could be a consequence of the
higher hydrophilicity of treated hyphae, or of enhanced lytic enzyme excretion and activity. Parameters such as adjuvant type,
concentration, and growth conditions will be further optimised to formulate culture substrates adapted to the co-culture of
T. matsutake and its host plants. 相似文献
3.
松口蘑人工菌塘诱导形成的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究通过土壤筛选找到适合松口蘑菌丝体生长的土壤,并在其土壤中添加适当浓度的橄榄油(0.5%-2.0%),有效地促进了菌丝体在土壤中的生长,菌丝生长状况酷似野外的松口蘑菌塘,且随着添加浓度的增加,菌丝体生物量呈明显的正相关。当土壤中橄榄油浓度为0.5%和1.0%时,松口蘑共生植物赤松苗的生长不但没有受到抑制,而且还能与菌丝体在这种“菌塘”中形成菌根。本研究成功地建立了中国松口蘑人工菌塘诱导体系,同时也为其人工子实体的诱导研究提供了必要的前提条件。 相似文献
4.
Structures present within field-collected Tricholoma matsutake/Pinus densiflora ectomycorrhizas and in vitro infections of P. densiflora roots by T. matsutake were observed by clearing, bleaching and staining whole lateral roots and mycorrhizas. Field mycorrhizas were characterized
by a lack of root hairs, by the presence of a sparse discontinuous mantle composed of irregularly darkly staining hyphae over
the root surface, primarily behind the root cap, and by the presence of Hartig net mycelium within the root cortex. Hartig
net 'palmettis' were classified into three basic structures, each with distinctive morphologies. Aerial hyphae, bearing terminal
swellings, were observed emanating from the mantle. Cleared, bleached and stained in vitro-infected roots possessed multibranched
hyphal structures within the host root cortex and aerial hyphae bearing terminal swellings were observed arising from the
mycelium colonizing the root surface. T. matsutake on P. densiflora conforms to the accepted morphology of an ectomycorrhiza. This staining protocol is particularly suited to the study of Matsutake
mycorrhizal roots and gives rapid, clear, high-contrast images using standard light microscopy while conserving spatial relationships
between hyphal elements and host tissues.
Accepted: 26 August 1999 相似文献
5.
Alexis Guerin-Laguette Lu-Min Vaario Warwick M. Gill Frédéric Lapeyrie Norihisa Matsushita Kazuo Suzuki 《Mycoscience》2000,41(4):389-393
The root systems of 11-wk-oldPinus densiflora seedlings were inoculated with a hyphal suspension ofTricholoma matsutake and aseptically incubated for 4 wk in a forest soil without supplying exogenous carbohydrates. One week following inoculation,
fungal hyphae had colonized the root surface and bound soil particles together establishing a root-substrate continuum. Fungal
hyphae were visible within the main root cortex following clearing bleaching and staining. In the ensuing days, fungal colonization
was observed within elongating lateral roots in which Hartig net formation was confirmed 4 wk after inoculation. This is the
first report of rapid ectomycorrhizal infection ofP. densiflora seedings byT. matsutake. 相似文献
6.
Extension of the phosphorus depletion zone in VA-mycorrhizal white clover in a calcareous soil 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
To examine the influence of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi on phosphorus (P) depletion in the rhizosphere, mycorrhizal
and non-mycorrhizal white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown for seven weeks in a sterilized calcareous soil in pots with three compartments, a central one for root growth
and two outer ones for hyphae growth. Compartmentation was accomplished by a 30-μm nylon net. The root compartment received
a uniform level of P (50 mg kg−1 soil) in combination with low or high levels of P (50 or 150 mg kg−1 soil) in the hyphal compartments. Plants were inoculated withGlomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or remained uninfected.
Mycorrhizal inoculation doubled P concentration in shoot and root, and increased dry weight, especially of the shoot, irrespective
of P levels. Mycorrhizal contribution accounted for 76% of total P uptake at the low P level and 79% at the high P level,
and almost all of this P was delivered by the hyphae from the outer compartment. In the non-mycorrhizal plants, the depletion
of NaHCO3-extractable P (Olsen-P) extended about 1 cm into the outer compartment, but in the mycorrhizal plants a uniform P depletion
zone extended up to 11.7 cm (the length of the hyphal compartment) from the root surface. In the outer compartment, the mycorrhizal
hyphae length density was high (2.5–7 m cm−3 soil) at the various distances (0–11.7 cm) from the root surface. Uptake rate of P by mycorrhizal hyphae was in the range
of 3.3–4.3×10−15 mol s−1 cm−1. 相似文献
7.
Kataoka R Siddiqui ZA Kikuchi J Ando M Sriwati R Nozaki A Futai K 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2012,50(2):199-206
The fungus Tricholoma matsutake forms an ectomycorrhizal relationship with pine trees. Its sporocarps often develop in a circle, which is commonly known
as a fairy ring. The fungus produces a solid, compact, white aggregate of mycelia and mycorrhizae beneath the fairy ring,
which in Japanese is called a ’shiro’. In the present study, we used soil dilution plating and molecular techniques to analyze
the bacterial communities within, beneath, and outside the T. matsutake fairy ring. Soil dilution plating confirmed previous reports that bacteria and actinomycetes are seldom present in the soil
of the active mycorrhizal zone of the T. matsutake shiro. In addition, the results showed that the absence of bacteria was strongly correlated with the presence of T. matsutake mycorrhizae. The results demonstrate that bacteria, especially aerobic and heterotrophic forms, and actinomycetes, are strongly
inhibited by T. matsutake. Indeed, neither bacteria nor actinomycetes were detected in 11.3% of 213 soil samples from the entire shiro area by culture-dependent
methods. However, molecular techniques demonstrated that some bacteria, such as individual genera of Sphingomonas and Acidobacterium, were present in the active mycorrhizal zone, even though they were not detected in soil assays using the dilution plating
technique. 相似文献
8.
G. I. Novik N. I. Astapovich Zh. N. Bogdanovskaya N. E. Ryabaya 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2000,36(1):90-95
Production of Enterobifidin includes the stages of preparation of culture media, reparation of lyophilizedBifidobacterium adolescentis MS-42 culture, preparation of starters, cultivation of bacteria in fermenters, biomass conservation, and its biological control.
The preparation contains physiologically active bifidobacterium cells with high activities of growth(μ = 0.7 h−1,g = 1.0 h) and acid formation (titratable acidity is ∼120–140°T; acetate concentration, 0.50–0.75%; and lactate concentration,
0.33–0.50%). The antagonistic activity of these bacteria towardsEscherichia coli 08,E. coli 086,E. coli 015,E. coli 0115, andE. coli 0101 amounts to 98.2; toProteus vulgaris 102, to 87.2; andStaphylococcus aureus 209p, to 83.2%. The bifidobacteria (with a titer of ∼109 CFU/ml) remained viable for two to five months. 相似文献
9.
Tomentella amyloapiculata and T. agbassaensis are described as new species within the genus Tomentella based on materials we collected in the West African, northern Guinean seasonal forests. We used a combination of anatomical
characters, sequence analyses and phylogenetic inference of 71 ITS rDNA sequences to characterise the two new species. Anatomically,
T. amyloapiculata is characterised by simple septate brown to dark brown, thick-walled subicular and subhymenial hyphae and triangular to slightly
lobed brown basidiospores (in frontal view), with isolate aculei of 1–2 μm. Phylogenetically, T. amyloapiculata forms a sister species of T. fuscocinerea with a moderate bootstrap support of 70%. T. amyloapiculata deviates from T. fuscocinerea by 10.07–11.73% in their sequence similarities. As far as T. agbassaensis is concerned, it clusters phylogenetically together with T. bryophila with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. The species is characterised by slightly differentiated rhizomorphs with yellowish
hyphae, clamped, thick-walled and yellow to dark yellow subicular hyphae and pale yellow, small basidiospores of 6–8(8.5)
μm with aculei of up to 0.5 μm. Both new species deviated from each other by 11.0–11.60% with regard to the ITS rDNA nucleotides. 相似文献
10.
To evaluate the potential of the production of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake to produce carbohydrases, (1) the distribution of carbohydrase activities among the different strains (18 strains) was investigated
and (2) the abilities of T. matsutake and saprophytic fungi to produce β-glucosidase were compared. The results showed that the carbohydrase productions patterns
of T. matsutake still resemble one another. Moreover, this fungus exhibited markedly higher β-glucosidase than did the saprophytic mushrooms.
Tricholoma matsutake showed weak production of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a static cultur filtrate. On the other hand, glucoamylase activity
was not observed. Surprisingly, we discovered that β-glucosidase demonstrated strong activity. This finding suggests that
this fungus has saprotrophic abilities. The carbohydrase production systems in T. matsutake were characterized from our experimental results. Also, we point out some weak points in the carbohydrase production systems
of T. matsutake. 相似文献
11.
The influence of the systemic fungicides propiconazole (Tilt 250E) and carbendazim (Bavistin) at field application rates
on the functioning of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was studied. Short-term fungal 32P transport and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in external hyphae of Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, G. claroideum Schenck and Smith and G. invermaium Hall in symbiosis with pea (Pisum sativum L.) were measured. In the experimental system used, the hyphae grew into two root-free hyphal compartments (HCs). The fungicides
were applied to each HC 24 days after sowing and 32P was added to one HC of each pot. Four days later, the fungicide effect on fungal P transport was measured as the difference
in 32P content of treated and untreated plants. SDH activity in fungal hyphae was determined in the HCs given no 32P. Carbendazim severely inhibited 32P transport and SDH activity in external hyphae at an application rate of 0.5 μg g–1 soil. The ergosterol inhibitor propiconazole affected none of these parameters. The fungicides had similar effects on all
three fungal species, although P transport efficiency and SDH activity differed markedly between the fungi.
Accepted: 12 December 1996 相似文献
12.
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in vitro between Tricholoma matsutake and Pinus densiflora seedlings that resembles naturally occurring ‘shiro’ 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We established an in vitro ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Tricholoma matsutake and Pinus densiflora. Mycorrhiza formed in a substrate of Modified Norkrans' C medium and granite-based soil had features similar to those observed
previously only in naturally occurring mycorrhizal system called ‘shiro,’ and promoted the growth of plants with smaller root/shoot
ratios. The in vitro formation of ‘shiro’ is essential for the development of T. matsutake system to produce mushrooms and is useful for the propagation and plantation of the mycorrhizal seedlings. 相似文献
13.
Sachie Horii Atsushi Matsumura Makoto Kuramoto Takaaki Ishii 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(7):1207-1215
We isolated and elucidated the structure of several stimulants for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in water-stressed bahia
grass roots. We could isolate some compounds that promoted the growth of Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall and Glomus caledonium (Nicol. and Gerd.) Trappe and Gerd. In these compounds, tryptophan dimer (Trp–Trp) was elucidated the structure. Trp–Trp
was abundantly produced in water-stressed bahia grass roots and exuded to the soil, although it was scarcely detected in non-stressed
root exudates. Interestingly, this peptide strongly attracted the hyphae of Gi. margarita and G. caledonium and promoted their hyphal growth in vitro (1.8 × longer than the control). Tryptophan, however, had no effect on hyphal growth
and attraction. Thus, Trp–Trp exuded from water-stressed roots would play an important role as a major signal for AMF.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
14.
Mizuho Kusuda Mitsuhiro Ueda Yasuhito Konishi Yoshihito Araki Katsuji Yamanaka Masami Nakazawa Kazutaka Miyatake Takao Terashita 《Mycoscience》2006,47(4):184-189
We investigated extracellular carbohydrase production in the medium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake, to reveal its ability to utilize carbohydrates such as starch as a growth substrate and to survey the saprotrophic aspects.
We found β-glucosidase activity in the static culture filtrate of this fungus. The β-glucosidase was purified and characterized.
The purified enzyme was obtained from about 2.1 l static culture filtrate, with 9.0% recovery, and showed a single protein
band on SDS-PAGE. Molecular mass was about 160 kDa. The enzyme was most active around 60°C and pH 5.0, and stable over a pH
of 4.0–8.0 for 30 min at 37°C. The purified enzyme was activated by the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions (about 2–3 times that of the control). The enzyme readily hydrolyzed oligosaccharides having a β-1,4-glucosidic linkage
such as cellobiose and cellotriose. However, it did not hydrolyze polysaccharides such as avicel and CM-cellulose or oligosaccharides
having an α-glucosidic linkage. Moreover, cellotriose was hydrolyzed by the enzyme for various durations, and the resultant
products were analyzed by TLC. We concluded that the enzyme from T. matsutake seems to be a β-glucosidase because cellotriose with a β-1,4-glucosidic linkage decomposed to glucose during the enzyme reaction. 相似文献
15.
Mycorrhizal association ofTricholoma matsutake withPinus densiflora was studied. A naturally establishedP. densiflora stand (age: ca. 45 yr) where occurrences ofT. matsutake sporocarps had been confirmed was studied in lbaraki Prefecture, Japan. Pine root systems connected withT. matsutake sporocarps via the fungal white mycelia were sampled in October 1997. The sampled pine roots were covered overall with mycelia.
Under a dissecting microscope, the mycelia were confirmed to form fungal sheaths on the lateral roots. Under a light microscope,
transverse and longitudinal sections of these roots showed the presence of both fungal sheaths and Hartig nets, which are
typical of ectomycorrhizas. The fungal sheath was ca. 1.5–20 μm. in thickness, and felt prosenchymatous in texture. Hartig
nets developed continuously at the cortex and extended to the boundary between cortical cells and endodermal cells. The same
ectomycorrhizal morphotype on the pine was also recovered from inside the same mycelial colony (i.e., “shiro”) ofT. matsutake from winter to summer. These results suggest thatT. matsutake has a perennial ectomycorrhizal association withP. densiflora. 相似文献
16.
The effect of root exudates from onions differing in P status on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi was investigated. Onion (Allium cepa) was grown in solution culture at different phosphorus concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, 8.0 and 24.0 mg P l–1) and root exudates were collected. When spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita were incubated with these root exudates, spore germination was only slightly affected but hyphal growth was greatly affected,
particularly with exudates from P-deficient plants. This suggests that the P nutrition of host plants influences the composition
of root exudates and thereby the hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Accepted: 25 June 1995 相似文献
17.
Oligonucleotide primers (Tm1 and Tm4) were designed to amplify a 447–448 base pair fragment, comprising sections of the rDNA
internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the entire 5.8S rDNA, ofTricholoma matsutake. PCR products of predicted size were produced for six of eight isolates ofT. matsutake from across its natural range in Asia, and for isolates of some closely related fungi includingT. bakamatsutake, T. magnivelare, andT. caligatum. The closely relatedT. robustum could be discriminated fromT. matsutake by PCR fragment size. No PCR products were produced where the primers were tested against 16 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi
associated withPinus spp. in the Southern Hemisphere. The specific primers were also used successfully to produce PCR products from matsutake
infected roots collected in natural forests in China and Japan, and from pure culture synthesisedPinus radiata-T. matsutake material. These primers will be useful in research directed at establishing matsutake in the Southern Hemisphere, and also
have the potential to be applied to the study of matsutake within its natural range. 相似文献
18.
《Mycoscience》2019,60(6):319-322
Tricholoma bakamatsutake, which forms its fruit body in oak forests, is similar to T. matsutake in shape and odor; therefore, it is expected to have a high economic value similar to T. matsutake. Recently, the fruit bodies of T. bakamatsutake were produced after planting of a Quercus phillyraeoides sapling with a pure culture of the fungal mycelia. This fungus forms pigmented thick-walled spores (chlamydospores [CSs]) terminally on the hyphae in culture and in the field settings. Abundant CS production in vitro seems to be advantageous for cultivating mycorrhizal trees inoculated with T. bakamatsutake CSs. We investigated the effects of adding 16 different nitrogen (N) compounds (three inorganic and 13 organic) to a culture medium on vegetative hyphal growth and CS formation. The growth of T. bakamatsutake was reduced by many of the N sources used. Conversely, the rate of CS formation was improved by the addition of valine or glutamine. 相似文献
19.
Tricholoma matsutake was isolated into pure cultures from field samples of ectomycorrhizas onPinus densiflora. The mycorrhizal tips were collected at different times of the year from a colony ofT. matsutake in aP. densiflora stand. The mycorrhizal tips were continuously washed with sterilized distilled water and diluted Tween 80 solution, surface-sterilized
with calcium hypochlorite solution, and inoculated on several kinds of nutrient agar media. Most of the mycorrhizal tips collected
in winter and spring produced colonies that were morphologically similar to cultures ofT. matsutake isolated from basidiocarps. The identity of isolates obtained from mycorrhizas was further confirmed to beT. matsutake based on fungal morphology and RFLP patterns of PCR amplified rDNA. The feasibility ofT. bakamatsutake isolation into pure culture from ectomycorrhizas onQuercus serrata was also confirmed. These results indicated that mycelium of matsutake mushrooms can be isolated into pure culture from ectomycorrhizas
at different times of the year. Mycorrhizas of bothT. matsutake andT. bakamatsutake were not observed to have any specific association with soil fungi such asMortierella spp. 相似文献
20.
Mizuho Kusuda Mitsuhiro Ueda Yasuhito Konishi Katsuji Yamanaka Takao Terashita Kazutaka Miyatake 《Mycoscience》2007,48(6):358-364
We studied the characteristics of the utilization of carbohydrate substrates and the production of those hydrolyzing enzymes
of the Tricholoma matsutake J-1 strain isolated from hardwood (Quercus sp.). In the culture medium, 5% glucose inhibited mycelial growth. The growth inhibition rate was remarkable in the Z-1 strain
from softwood (Pinus densiflora) compared with that of the J-1 strain from hardwood. α-Amylase production varied with starches from different origins in
contrast to mycelial growth. The range of the effect of 0.5%–15% soluble starch on vegetative mycelial growth was also investigated.
The optimal concentration for mycelial growth was 15% for the J-1 strain but 10% for the Z-1 strain. Mycelial growth of the
J-1 strain was strongly inhibited in PMML medium containing Sunpeal-CP prepared from sulfite pulp softwood waste, but that
of the Z-1 strain was not inhibited by Sunpeal-CP. Moreover, mycelial growth of the J-1 strain from Quercus sp. dramatically decreased with the addition of CNF-HWSF (hot water-soluble fractions from corn fiber) to the PMML and PDL
medium. However, inhibition by CNF-HWSF was not shown in the Z-1 strain from P. densiflora. 相似文献