钙敏感受体在骨代谢中的研究进展

钙敏感受体感受细胞外的钙离子水平,调控一系列激素的释放以维持机体的钙稳态。钙稳态的调节过程与骨代谢相偶联,钙敏感受体通过直接或间接对破骨和成骨细胞的调控,动员或者抑制骨钙入血。虽然钙敏感受体已被证实调控骨代谢,但是详尽的调控机制仍在不断探究中。目前认为细胞外的高钙水平会激活钙敏感受体,抑制甲状旁腺激素分泌并促进降钙素释放,进而破骨细胞被抑制,成骨细胞动员,增加了骨质合成。本文就近年来关于钙敏感受体调控骨代谢的研究进展作一综述,为促进钙敏感受体及相关作用因子治疗骨代谢疾病的研究提供参考。     

歼击飞行员骨代谢生化指标调查

目的:探讨高空环境歼击飞行员的骨代谢生化指标变化及意义。方法:检测空军某部129名歼击飞行员(均为男性,身体健康,年龄26~48岁,平均飞行时间1500 h±100 h)的4项骨代谢生化指标:骨形成标志物N端骨钙素(N-MID)和总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、骨吸收标志物β胶原降解产物(β-crosslaps)、调节钙平衡的甲状旁腺素(PTH)。根据机型分为二代机组与三代机组,结果采用t检验进行组间比较;按照年龄分为20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁年龄组,结果采用单因素方差分析进行组间比较。结果:2代歼击飞行员骨代谢生化指标比较差异无统计学意义。20~29岁年龄组中骨形成标志物N-MID和PINP浓度比其他年龄组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);20~29岁年龄组中骨吸收标志物β-crosslaps浓度比40~49岁年龄组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);骨吸收标志物PTH在各年龄组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:歼击飞行员骨形成标志物、骨吸收标志物在20~29岁达到最高水平,提示在人体峰值骨量时骨转换处于较高水平,40~60岁骨代谢生化指标浓度最低,骨吸收和骨形成处于动态平衡,骨转换水平较低。密切监测骨代谢生化指标变化,对维护飞行员骨健康,确保飞行安全有积极意义。     

The Impact of Trace Minerals on Bone Metabolism

Biological Trace Element Research - Bone is a metabolically active tissue that responds to alterations in dietary intake and nutritional status. It is ~ 35% protein, mostly collagen which...     

斯钙素在哺乳动物骨组织代谢中的作用

斯钙素（stanniocalcin,STC）是一种最早在硬骨鱼中发现的糖蛋白类激素. 哺乳动物斯钙素在体内钙磷代谢、肌肉骨骼系统的发育等方面均起到重要作用,并且在心血管疾病、肿瘤发展以及神经系统疾病中也扮演重要角色. 近年,斯钙素在骨骼发育中的作用逐渐引起科学界的关注. 骨组织中STC由成软骨细胞、成骨细胞分泌,并以自分泌/旁分泌的形式作用于局部组织细胞中,主要影响软骨形成和骨重建过程.本文以斯钙素为主题,综述了其生化分子特性、其在骨组织中的表达分布特点,以及该分子在成熟骨组织骨重建过程中的作用机制. 本文将为深入了解斯钙素在骨组织代谢中的作用提供帮助.     

甲状旁腺激素的促骨形成作用研究

甲状旁腺素(PTH)在体内最为重要的作用就是调节钙、磷代谢,近年来的研究证明,PTH在骨的代谢过程中也有着极其重要的作用.目前,PTH及其片段已成为重要的骨形成促进剂,尤其是PTH1-34已由美国礼来(lilly)公司开发为治疗骨质疏松症的药物特立帕肽(teriparatide),它是目前临床应用效果最好的的促进骨合成代谢的药物.本文就PTH的结构、作用机制及其对骨的作用和特里帕肽的研究进展作一综述.     

羊骨酶解发酵液钙鳌合物对骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的探讨羊骨酶解发酵液钙螯合物（SBEF-Ca）对雌激素缺乏造成的骨质疏松的防治作用。方法 40只3.5月龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠,按体重随机分为正常组（假手术＋蒸馏水）、模型对照组（去卵巢＋蒸馏水）和高、中、低3个剂量组（去卵巢＋SBEF-Ca）。术后12 d,持续灌胃11周后,测定股骨密度、长度以及血清中反映骨代谢的主要生化指标。结果模型对照组大鼠股骨密度和长度显著减小,各剂量组均可扭转这种减小趋势并使股骨密度和长度维持在正常组水平,其中高剂量组的股骨密度显著大于中、低剂量组;各剂量组的股骨长度差异不显著;所有大鼠的血Ca、血P水平差异无显著性;模型对照组的血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨钙素（BGP）水平明显升高,而各剂量组的ALP、BGP水平与正常组差异不显著,且高剂量组ALP水平显著低于中、低剂量组,中、高剂量组的BGP水平（P〉0.05）显著低于低剂量组。结论低、中、高剂量的SBEF-Ca对绝经后骨质疏松症有预防作用。     

藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的:研究中药藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度及血清骨代谢生化指标的影响。方法:选用48只4月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、藏红花低、中、高剂量组。术后4周各组分别给予相应制剂灌胃,术后12周处死,分别测定股骨骨密度、子宫指数、雌二醇、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶。结果:与模型组相比,藏红花各剂量组股骨骨密度明显升高(p<0.01),雌二醇测定值升高(p<0.01),碱性磷酸酶显著降低(p<0.01),血钙及血磷无统计学差异(p>0.05);与戊酸雌二醇组比较,藏红花各剂量组子宫指数显著降低(p<0.01)。结论:藏红花提取液有助于抑制去卵巢大鼠骨量的丢失,改善骨代谢,对骨质疏松症具有防治作用。     

藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的影响

目的：研究中药藏红花提取液对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度及血清骨代谢生化指标的影响。方法：选用48只4月龄SD雌性大鼠,随机分为6组：假手术组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、藏红花低、中、高剂量组。术后4周各组分别给予相应制剂灌胃,术后12周处死,分别测定股骨骨密度、子宫指数、雌二醇、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶。结果：与模型组相比,藏红花各剂量组股骨骨密度明显升高（p〈0.01）,雌二醇测定值升高（p〈0.01）,碱性磷酸酶显著降低（p〈0.01）,血钙及血磷无统计学差异（p〉0.05）;与戊酸雌二醇组比较,藏红花各剂量组子宫指数显著降低（p〈0.01）。结论：藏红花提取液有助于抑制去卵巢大鼠骨量的丢失,改善骨代谢,对骨质疏松症具有防治作用。     

Effects of Astragalus membranaceus with Supplemental Calcium on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Calcium-Deficient Ovariectomized Rats

It has been reported that Astragalus membranaceus, an Asian traditional herb, has an estrogenic effect in vitro. To examine the possible role of A. membranaceus extract with supplemental calcium (Ca) on bone status in calcium-deficient (LCa) ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a total of 48 female rats were divided into six groups: (1) normal control, (2) sham operation with LCa (sham-LCa), (3) OVX with LCa (OVX-LCa), (4) A. membranaceus supplementation with OVX-LCa (OVX-MLCa), (5) Ca supplementation with OVX (OVX-Ca), and (6) A. membranaceus and Ca supplementation with OVX (OVX-MCa). A. membranaceus ethanol extract (500 mg/kg BW) and/or Ca (800 mg/kg BW) were administered orally for 8 weeks along with a Ca-deficient diet. Results revealed that Ca supplementation with or without A. membranaceus extract significantly improved bone mineral density, biomechanical strength, and ash weight of the femur and tibia in OVX rats. High Ca with A. membranaceus combination supplementation significantly increased the ash weight of the femur and tibia and decreased urinary Ca excretion compared with supplementation of Ca alone. Uterine weight was not changed by A. membranaceus administration in OVX rats. These results suggest that A. membranaceus extract combined with supplemental Ca may be more protective against the Ca loss of bone than A. membranaceus or supplementation of Ca alone in calcium-insufficient postmenopausal women.     

Role of Slit/Robo Signaling pathway in Bone Metabolism

Slit/Robo signals were initially found to play an essential role in nerve development as axonal guidance molecules. In recent years, with in-depth study, the role of Slit/Robo in other life activities, such as tumor development, angiogenesis, cell migration, and bone homeostasis, has gradually been revealed. Bone is an organ with an active metabolism. Bone resorption and bone formation are closely related through precise spatiotemporal coordination. There is much evidence that slit, as a new bone coupling factor, can regulate bone formation and resorption. For example, Slit3 can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption through Robo receptors, which has excellent therapeutic potential in metabolic bone diseases. Although the conclusions of some studies are contradictory, they all affirm the vital role of Slit/Robo signaling in regulating bone metabolism. This paper reviews the research progress of Slit/Robo signaling in bone metabolism, briefly discusses the contradictions in the existing research, and puts forward the research direction of Slit/Robo in the field of bone metabolism in the future.     

脂联素基因剔除小鼠糖代谢和骨代谢的初步研究

目的:研究前期建立的脂联素基因剔除小鼠模型在基础状态的葡萄糖代谢及骨代谢状态。方法:采用长期追踪野生型和该基因剔除纯合子小鼠的体重和空腹血糖水平,并进行葡萄糖耐量(GTT)和胰岛素耐量(ITT)试验以评价该小鼠的葡萄糖代谢能力。对骨代谢的初步研究采用检测小鼠骨密度(BMD)的方式。结果:发现该基因剔除小鼠在6w时,出现空腹血糖比对照组显著低下的现象,而随着鼠龄的增长,血糖水平又趋于正常。GTT和ITT试验证明该基因剔除小鼠无糖尿病或胰岛素抵抗表型。BMD检测亦显示该小鼠在基础状态下无骨密度低下的现象。结论:脂联素基因剔除小鼠在基础状态下并无显著的糖代谢和骨代谢异常。     

Bone Turnover and Metabolism in Patients with Early Multiple Sclerosis and Prevalent Bone Mass Deficit: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Background

Low bone mass is prevalent in ambulatory multiple sclerosis (MS) patients even shortly after clinical onset. The mechanism is not known, but could involve shared etiological risk factors between MS and low bone mass such as hypovitaminosis D operating before disease onset, or increased bone loss after disease onset. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of the low bone mass in early-stage MS patients.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We performed a population-based case-control study comparing bone turnover (cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen; NTX, bone alkaline phosphatase; bALP), metabolism (25-hydroxy- and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone), and relevant lifestyle factors in 99 patients newly diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS, and in 159 age, sex, and ethnicity matched controls. After adjustment for possible confounders, there were no significant differences in NTX (mean 3.3; 95% CI −6.9, 13.5; p = 0.519), bALP (mean 1.6; 95% CI −0.2, 3.5; p = 0.081), or in any of the parameters related to bone metabolism in patients compared to controls. The markers of bone turnover and metabolism were not significantly correlated with bone mass density, or associated with the presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia within or between the patient and control groups. Intake of vitamin D and calcium, reported UV exposure, and physical activity did not differ significantly.

Conclusions/Significance

Bone turnover and metabolism did not differ significantly in CIS and MS patients with prevalent low bone mass compared to controls. These findings indicate that the bone deficit in patients newly diagnosed with MS and CIS is not caused by recent acceleration of bone loss, and are compatible with shared etiological factors between MS and low bone mass.     

Warming and Resource Availability Shift Food Web Structure and Metabolism

Climate change disrupts ecological systems in many ways. Many documented responses depend on species'' life histories, contributing to the view that climate change effects are important but difficult to characterize generally. However, systematic variation in metabolic effects of temperature across trophic levels suggests that warming may lead to predictable shifts in food web structure and productivity. We experimentally tested the effects of warming on food web structure and productivity under two resource supply scenarios. Consistent with predictions based on universal metabolic responses to temperature, we found that warming strengthened consumer control of primary production when resources were augmented. Warming shifted food web structure and reduced total biomass despite increases in primary productivity in a marine food web. In contrast, at lower resource levels, food web production was constrained at all temperatures. These results demonstrate that small temperature changes could dramatically shift food web dynamics and provide a general, species-independent mechanism for ecological response to environmental temperature change.     

外泌体miR-338对骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢水平、骨小梁微结构和骨生物力学的影响

摘要 目的：探讨外泌体miR-338对骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢水平、骨小梁微结构和骨生物力的影响。方法：采用健康成年SPF级SD雄性大鼠进行骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）分离。采用双侧卵巢摘除手术方法构建了骨质疏松大鼠模型。采用qRT-PCR法检测miR-338的表达水平;检测大鼠的骨密度,骨小梁微结构和骨生物力学指标。结果：与空白对照组相比,OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs、抑制组和过表达组miR-338的表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;抑制组的miR-338的表达水平低于OP模型组、OP+ExoBMSCs和过表达组（P＜0.05）;与空白对照组相比,OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs、抑制组和过表达组OC、PINP、BALP的表达水平明显更低（P＜0.05）;抑制组的OC、PINP、BALP的表达水平明显高于OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs和过表达组（P＜0.05）;与空白对照组相比,OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs、抑制组和过表达组BV/TV、Th.N、Tb.Th、Conn.D水平更低,而Tb.Sp、SMI明显更高（P＜0.05）;抑制组组的BV/TV、Th.N、Tb.Th、Conn.D水平明显高于OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs和过表达组,而Tb.Sp、SMI更低（P＜0.05）;与空白对照组相比,OP模型组、OP+ ExoBMSCs、抑制组和过表达组BMD、最大荷载、最大应力、最大位移、刚度水平更低（P＜0.05）;抑制组的BMD、最大荷载、最大应力、最大位移、刚度水平高于OP模型组、OP+ExoBMSCs和过表达组（P＜0.05）。结论：BMSCs源性的miR-338可影响骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢、骨小梁微结构和骨生物力学状态。     

Human Bone Marrow Is Comprised of Adipocytes with Specific Lipid Metabolism

1. Download : Download high-res image (195KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image