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1.
Fontes CP Honorato TL Rabelo MC Rodrigues S 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2009,32(4):493-499
The use of agriculture excess as substrate in industrial fermentations became an interesting alternative to reduce production
costs and to reduce negative environmental impact caused by the disposal of these products. In this work, a kinetic study
of mannitol production using cashew apple juice as substrate was studied. The carbohydrates of cashew apple juice are glucose
and fructose. Sucrose addition favored the yield of mannitol (85%) at the expense of lower productivity. The best results
were obtained applying only cashew apple juice as substrate, containing 50 g L−1 of total reducing sugar (28 g L−1 of fructose), yielding 18 g L−1 of mannitol with 67% of fructose conversion into mannitol and productivity of 1.8 g L−1 h−1. 相似文献
2.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermotoga maritima</Emphasis> TM0298 is a highly thermostable mannitol dehydrogenase 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Song SH Ahluwalia N Leduc Y Delbaere LT Vieille C 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,81(3):485-495
Thermotoga maritima TM0298 is annotated as an alcohol dehydrogenase, yet it shows high identity and similarity to mesophilic mannitol dehydrogenases.
To investigate this enzyme further, its gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme was most active on fructose and mannitol, making it the first known hyperthermophilic mannitol
dehydrogenase. T. maritima mannitol dehydrogenase (TmMtDH) is optimally active between 90 and 100 °C and retains 63% of its activity at 120 °C but shows
no detectable activity at room temperature. Its kinetic inactivation follows a first-order mechanism, with half-lives of 57 min
at 80 °C and 6 min at 95 °C. Although TmMtDH has a higher V
max with NADPH than with NADH, its catalytic efficiency is 2.2 times higher with NADH than with NADPH and 33 times higher with
NAD+ than with NADP+. This cofactor specificity can be explained by the high density of negatively charged residues (Glu193, Asp195, and Glu196)
downstream of the NAD(P) interaction site, the glycine motif. We demonstrate that TmMtDH contains a single catalytic zinc
per subunit. Finally, we provide the first proof of concept that mannitol can be produced directly from glucose in a two-step
enzymatic process, using a Thermotoga neapolitana xylose isomerase mutant and TmMtDH at 60 °C. 相似文献
3.
d-Mannitol (hereafter denoted mannitol) is used in the medical and food industry and is currently produced commercially by chemical hydrogenation of fructose or by extraction from seaweed. Here, the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was genetically modified to photosynthetically produce mannitol from CO2 as the sole carbon source. Two codon-optimized genes, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD) from Escherichia coli and mannitol-1-phosphatase (mlp) from the protozoan chicken parasite Eimeria tenella, in combination encoding a biosynthetic pathway from fructose-6-phosphate to mannitol, were expressed in the cyanobacterium resulting in accumulation of mannitol in the cells and in the culture medium. The mannitol biosynthetic genes were expressed from a single synthetic operon inserted into the cyanobacterial chromosome by homologous recombination. The mannitol biosynthesis operon was constructed using a novel uracil-specific excision reagent (USER)-based polycistronic expression system characterized by ligase-independent, directional cloning of the protein-encoding genes such that the insertion site was regenerated after each cloning step. Genetic inactivation of glycogen biosynthesis increased the yield of mannitol presumably by redirecting the metabolic flux to mannitol under conditions where glycogen normally accumulates. A total mannitol yield equivalent to 10% of cell dry weight was obtained in cell cultures synthesizing glycogen while the yield increased to 32% of cell dry weight in cell cultures deficient in glycogen synthesis; in both cases about 75% of the mannitol was released from the cells into the culture medium by an unknown mechanism. The highest productivity was obtained in a glycogen synthase deficient culture that after 12 days showed a mannitol concentration of 1.1 g mannitol L−1 and a production rate of 0.15 g mannitol L−1 day−1. This system may be useful for biosynthesis of valuable sugars and sugar derivatives from CO2 in cyanobacteria. 相似文献
4.
To explore possible role of intracellular trehalose accumulation in fungal tolerance to summer-like thermal stress, 3-day
colonies of Beauveria bassiana grown on a glucose-free medium at 25°C were separately exposed to 35, 37.5 and 40°C for 1–18 h, respectively. Trehalose accumulation
in stressed mycelia increased from initial 4.2 to 88.3, 74.7 and 65.5 mg g−1 biomass after 6-h stress at 35, 37.5 and 40°C, respectively, while intracellular mannitol level generally declined with higher
temperatures and longer stress time. The stress-enhanced trehalose level was significantly correlated to decreased trehalase
activity (r
2 = 0.73) and mannitol content (r
2 = 0.38), which was inversely correlated to the activity of mannitol dehydrogenase (r
2 = 0.41) or mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (r
2 = 0.30) under the stresses. All stressed cultures were successfully recovered at 25°C but their vigor depended on stressful
temperature, time length and the interaction of both (r
2 = 0.98). The highest level of 6-h trehalose accumulation at 35°C was found enhancing the tolerance of the stressed cultures
to the greater stress of 48°C. The results suggest that the trehalose accumulation result partially from metabolized mannitol
and contribute to the fungal thermotolerance. Trehalase also contributed to the thermotolerance by hydrolyzing accumulated
trehalose under the conditions of thermal stress and recovery. 相似文献
5.
The role of mannitol as an osmoprotectant, a radical scavenger, a stabilizer of protein and membrane structure, and protector
of photosynthesis under abiotic stress has already been well described. In this article we show that mannitol applied exogenously
to salt-stressed wheat, which normally cannot synthesize mannitol, improved their salt tolerance by enhancing activities of
antioxidant enzymes. Wheat seedlings (3 days old) grown in 100 mM mannitol (corresponding to −0.224 MPa) for 24 h were subjected
to 100 mM NaCl treatment for 5 days. The effect of exogenously applied mannitol on the salt tolerance of plants in view of
growth, lipid peroxidation levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the roots of salt-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kızıltan-91) plants with or without mannitol was studied. Although root growth decreased under salt stress, this effect
could be alleviated by mannitol pretreatment. Peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities increased, whereas
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities decreased in Kızıltan-91 under salt
stress. However, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POX, CAT, APX, and GR increased with mannitol pretreatment
under salt stress. Although root tissue extracts of salt-stressed wheat plants exhibited only nine different SOD isozyme bands
of which two were identified as Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, mannitol treatment caused the appearance of 11 different SOD activity
bands. On the other hand, five different POX isozyme bands were determined in all treatments. Enhanced peroxidation of lipid
membranes under salt stress conditions was reduced by pretreatment with mannitol. We suggest that exogenous application of
mannitol could alleviate salt-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots of salt-sensitive
Kızıltan-91. 相似文献
6.
Supplementation with CaCl2·2H2O (50 mg l−1) or CuSO4·5H2O (10 mg l−1) improved mannitol production by Candida magnoliae by 14.5 and 18.6% (25 and 32 g/L), respectively. When used in combination, they acted synergistically: Ca2+ decreased the intracellular concentration of mannitol 30%, whereas Cu2+ increased the intracellular activity of mannitol dehydrogenase 1.6-times more than control. Ca2+ probably works by altering the permeability of cells to mannitol, whereas, Cu2+ increases the activity of an enzyme responsible for mannitol biosynthesis. 相似文献
7.
Cupriavidus necator H16 is one of the most researched carbon dioxide (CO2)-fixing bacteria. It can store carbon in form of the polymer polyhydroxybutyrate and generate energy by aerobic hydrogen oxidation under lithoautotrophic conditions, making C. necator an ideal chassis for the biological production of value-added compounds from waste gases. Despite its immense potential, however, the experimental evidence of C. necator utilisation for autotrophic biosynthesis of chemicals is limited. Here, we genetically engineered C. necator for the high-level de novo biosynthesis of the industrially relevant sugar alcohol mannitol directly from Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle intermediates. To identify optimal mannitol production conditions in C. necator, a mannitol-responsive biosensor was applied for screening of mono- and bifunctional mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenases (MtlDs) and mannitol 1-phosphate phosphatases (M1Ps). We found that MtlD/M1P from brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus performed overall the best under heterotrophic growth conditions and was selected to be chromosomally integrated. Consequently, autotrophic fermentation of recombinant C. necator yielded up to 3.9 g/L mannitol, representing a substantial improvement over mannitol biosynthesis using recombinant cyanobacteria. Importantly, we demonstrate that at the onset of stationary growth phase nearly 100% of carbon can be directed from the CBB cycle into mannitol through the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate intermediates. This study highlights for the first time the potential of C. necator to generate sugar alcohols from CO2 utilising precursors derived from the CBB cycle. 相似文献
8.
Famotidine is a potent H2-receptor antagonist most commonly used by elderly patients. Orodispersible tablets (ODT) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience and suitability for patients having dysphagia. The purpose of this study is to prepare famotidine ODT using the economic direct-compression method.A 32 full factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of different excipients on the properties and in vitro dissolution of famotidine ODT. Two factors were studied for their qualitative effects, namely, disintegrants and diluents. Disintegrants were studied in three levels viz. Ac-Di-Sol, sodium starch glycolate (Primojel) and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC). Fillers were studied in three levels viz. mannitol, spray dried lactose and Avicel PH 101. The ODTs were prepared by direct compression and were evaluated for hardness, drug content, uniformity of weight, in vitro disintegration time, oral disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro dissolution. Maximum dissolution and minimum oral disintegration time (11.4 s) were observed in F7 prepared using L-HPC and mannitol. Furthermore, in human volunteers it showed significant increase in bioavailability compared to Servipep® with mean AUC(0–∞) 117.1 ng/ml and 82.71 ng/ml, respectively, and its relative bioavailability was 141.57%. Hence, ODT (F7) could possibly be used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional famotidine tablets in elderly patients with significant increase in oral bioavailability. 相似文献
9.
Chao Yang Tuanjie Zhao Deyue Yu Junyi Gai 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):180-188
From a preliminary experiment on 98 Chinese soybean varieties, 12 varieties with somatic embryogenesis frequency ranging from
0.0% to 85.7% were selected for further study in order to enhance the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration.
The effects of different mannitol concentrations, abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, and embryo explant ages (sizes) were
investigated. Significant differences in somatic embryogenesis were found among the 12 soybean varieties, with initiation
frequencies varying from 22.1% to 89.0% under suitable mannitol concentration, and with N25281, N25263, and N06499 having
the highest somatic embryogenic capacity. The results showed that all three factors were relevant for raising rates of callus
initiation and somatic embryogenesis, but with differential responses among the genotypes. The treatment of 3.0% (w/v) mannitol, 5 mg l−1 ABA, and a 4- to 5-mm-sized explant was found to be optimal for somatic embryogenesis, generating the highest explant-based
regeneration rate at 83.0%. The greatest average number of plantlets regenerated per explant (1.35) was observed in N25281.
The above results provide a basis for efficient regeneration of soybean and are informative for the development of genetic
transformation systems in Chinese soybean germplasm. 相似文献
10.
Bartolomeo Dichio Giovanna Margiotta Cristos Xiloyannis Sabino A. Bufo Adriano Sofo Tommaso R. I. Cataldi 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(2):247-256
Two-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Coratina) were subjected to a 15-day period of water deficit, followed by 12 days of rewatering. Water deficit caused
decreases in predawn leaf water potential (Ψw), relative water content and osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ
π100) of leaves and roots, which were normally restored upon the subsequent rewatering. Extracts of leaves and roots of well-watered
olive plants revealed that the most predominant sugars are mannitol and glucose, which account for more than 80% of non-structural
carbohydrates and polyols. A marked increase in mannitol content occurred in tissues of water-stressed plants. During water
deficit, the levels of glucose, sucrose and stachyose decreased in thin roots (with a diameter <1 mm), whereas medium roots
(diameter of 1–5 mm) exhibited no differences. Inorganic cations largely contribute to Ψ
π100 and remained stable during the period of water deficit, except for the level of Ca2+, which increased of 25% in water-stressed plants. The amount of malate increased in both leaves and roots during the dry
period, whereas citrate and oxalate decreased. Thin roots seem to be more sensitive to water deficit and its consequent effects,
while medium roots present more reactivity and a higher osmotic adjustment. The results support the hypothesis that the observed
decreases in Ψw and active osmotic adjustment in leaves and roots of water-stressed olive plants may be physiological responses to tolerate
water deficit. 相似文献
11.
The mannitol cycle is an important NADPH regenerating system in Alternaria alternata. The cycle is built up of the following enzymes: mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol 1-phosphatase, mannitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. The net reaction of one cycle turn is: NADH+NADP++ATP NAD++NADPH+ADP+Pi. The enzymes needed for an operating cycle were found in Aspergillus, Botrytis, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Trichothecium, Cladosporium and Thermomyces all genera belonging to Fungi Imperfecti. The only genus of this class lacking the cycle was Candida. No genera from the classes Basidiomycetes and Phycomycetes showed any mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase or mannitol 1-phosphatase activities. The genera investigated, belonging to Ascomycetes, Gibberella, Ceratocystis and Neurospora all lacked mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was concluded that the mannitol cycle is an important and widespread pathway for NADH oxidation and NADP+ reduction in the organisms belonging to the class Fungi Imperfecti. 相似文献
12.
Algae biomass is a potential raw material for the production of biofuels and other chemicals. In this study, biomass of the marine algae, Ulva lactuca, Gelidium amansii,Laminaria japonica, and Sargassum fulvellum, was treated with acid and commercially available hydrolytic enzymes. The hydrolysates contained glucose, mannose, galactose, and mannitol, among other sugars, at different ratios. The Laminaria japonica hydrolysate contained up to 30.5% mannitol and 6.98% glucose in the hydrolysate solids. Ethanogenic recombinant Escherichia coli KO11 was able to utilize both mannitol and glucose and produced 0.4 g ethanol per g of carbohydrate when cultured in L. japonica hydrolysate supplemented with Luria-Bertani medium and hydrolytic enzymes. The strategy of acid hydrolysis followed by simultaneous enzyme treatment and inoculation with E. coli KO11 could be a viable strategy to produce ethanol from marine alga biomass. 相似文献
13.
This study deals with two range-extending brown algae from Tahitian coral reefs, Sargassum mangarevense and Turbinaria ornata; their alginate properties, mannitol and phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined. Turbinaria ornata showed the richest alginate content with the highest extraction yield (19.2 ± 1.3% dw). Their alginates also exhibited the
highest viscosity (50 ± 18 mPa.s), but the M:G ratios (mannuronic acid to glucuronic acid) of alginates (1.25–1.42) were similar
in both species. Alginate yield displayed spatial variations, but no significant seasonal changes. The highest mannitol content
was found in S. mangarevense (12.2 ± 2.1% dw) during the austral winter. With respect to other tropical Fucales, both algae exhibited also a high phenolic
content (2.45–2.85% dw) with significant spatio-temporal variations. Furthermore, high antioxidant activity and activity against
Staphylococcus aureus were also detected in extracts. According to these preliminary results, these two range-extending algae are of key interest
in numerous industrial areas. 相似文献
14.
Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 produced mannitol, lactic acid, and acetic acid when grown on fructose at 37°C. The optimal pH for mannitol production
from fructose by the heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (LAB) in pH-controlled fermentation was at pH 5.0. It produced
160.7 ± 1.1 g mannitol in 40 h with a volumetric productivity of 4.0 g l−1 h−1 in a simplified medium containing 250 g fructose, 50 g corn steep liquor (CSL), and 33 mg MnSO4 per liter. However, the mannitol production by the LAB was severely affected by the variability of CSL. The supplementation
of CSL with soy peptone (5 g/l), tryptophan (50 mg/l), tryptophan (50 mg/l) plus tyrosine (50 mg/l), or commercial protease
preparation (2 ml/100 g of CSL) enhanced the performance of the inferior CSL and thus helped to overcome the nutrient limitations. 相似文献
15.
Rodríguez C Rimaux T Fornaguera MJ Vrancken G de Valdez GF De Vuyst L Mozzi F 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,93(6):2519-2527
Certain lactic acid bacteria, especially heterofermentative strains, are capable to produce mannitol under adequate culture
conditions. In this study, mannitol production by Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 and Lactobacillus fermentum CRL 573 in modified MRS medium containing a mixture of fructose and glucose in a 6.5:1.0 ratio was investigated during batch
fermentations with free pH and constant pH 6.0 and 5.0. Mannitol production and yields were higher under constant pH conditions
compared with fermentations with free pH, the increase being more pronounced in the case of the L. fermentum strain. Maximum mannitol production and yields from fructose for L. reuteri CRL 1101 (122 mM and 75.7 mol%, respectively) and L. fermentum CRL 573 (312 mM and 93.5 mol%, respectively) were found at pH 5.0. Interestingly, depending on the pH conditions, fructose
was used only as an alternative external electron acceptor or as both electron acceptor and energy source in the case of the
L. reuteri strain. In contrast, L. fermentum CRL 573 used fructose both as electron acceptor and carbon source simultaneously, independently of the pH value, which strongly
affected mannitol production by this strain. Studies on the metabolism of these relevant mannitol-producing lactobacilli provide
important knowledge to either produce mannitol to be used as food additive or to produce it in situ during fermented food
production. 相似文献
16.
Carvalheiro Florbela Moniz Patrcia Duarte Lus C. Esteves M. Paula Grio Francisco M. 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(1):221-227
Detailed kinetic and physiological characterisation of eight mannitol-producing lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc citreum ATCC 49370, L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris ATCC19254, L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum ATCC 19255, L. ficulneum NRRL B-23447, L. fructosum NRRL B-2041, L. lactis ATCC 19256, Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL 3692 and Lb. reuteri DSM 20016, was performed using a carob-based culture medium, to evaluate their different metabolic capabilities. Cultures
were thoroughly followed for 30 h to evaluate consumption of sugars, as well as production of biomass and metabolites. All
strains produced mannitol at high yields (>0.70 g mannitol/g fructose) and volumetric productivities (>1.31 g/l h), and consumed
fructose and glucose simultaneously, but fructose assimilation rate was always higher. The results obtained enable the studied
strains to be divided mainly into two groups: one for which glucose assimilation rates were below 0.78 g/l h (strains ATCC
49370, ATCC 19256 and ATCC 19254) and the other for which they ranged between 1.41 and 1.89 g/l h (strains NRRL B-3692, NRRL
B-2041, NRRL B-23447 and DSM 20016). These groups also exhibited different mannitol production rates and yields, being higher
for the strains with faster glucose assimilation. Besides mannitol, all strains also produced lactic acid and acetic acid.
The best performance was obtained for L. fructosum NRRL B-2041, with maximum volumetric productivity of 2.36 g/l h and the highest yield, stoichiometric conversion of fructose
to mannitol. 相似文献
17.
Biotechnological production of mannitol and its applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol (sugar alcohol), is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, and chemical
industries. The production of mannitol by fermentation has become attractive because of the problems associated with its production
chemically. A number of homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and filamentous fungi are known to
produce mannitol. In particular, several heterofermentative LAB are excellent producers of mannitol from fructose. These bacteria
convert fructose to mannitol with 100% yields from a mixture of glucose and fructose (1:2). Glucose is converted to lactic
acid and acetic acid, and fructose is converted to mannitol. The enzyme responsible for conversion of fructose to mannitol
is NADPH- or NADH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH). Fructose can also be converted to mannitol by using MDH in the presence
of the cofactor NADPH or NADH. A two enzyme system can be used for cofactor regeneration with simultaneous conversion of two
substrates into two products. Mannitol at 180 g l−1 can be crystallized out from the fermentation broth by cooling crystallization. This paper reviews progress to date in the
production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology, downstream processing, and applications of mannitol. 相似文献
18.
Hassan Rahnama Haghighat Vakilian Hossain Fahimi Behzad Ghareyazie 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(4):1521-1532
Bacterial mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD) gene was introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were selected on a medium containing 100 mg l−1 kanamycin and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting, and RT-PCR analyses. All of the selected transformants
accumulated mannitol, a sugar alcohol that is not found in wildtype potato. Experiments designed for testing salt tolerance revealed that there was enhanced NaCl tolerance of the transgenic lines both
in vitro and in hydroponic culture. Compared to 0 mM NaCl, the shoot fresh weight of wildtype plants was reduced by 76.5%
at 100 mM NaCl under hydroponic conditions. However, under the same condition, the shoot fresh weight of transgenic plants
was reduced only by 17.3%, compared to 0 mM NaCl treatment. The improved tolerance of this transgenic line may be attributed
to the induction and progressive accumulation of mannitol in the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast to in vitro experiments,
the mannitol content in the transgenic roots and shoots increased at 50 mM NaCl and decreased slightly at 75 and 100 mM NaCl,
respectively. Overall, the amount of accumulated mannitol in the transgenic lines was too small to act as an osmolyte; thus,
it might act as an osmoprotectant. However, the results demonstrated that mannitol had more contribution to osmotic adjustment
in the roots (but not in shoots). Finally, we concluded that mtlD expression in transgenic potato plants can significantly increase the mannitol accumulation that contributes to the enhanced
tolerance to NaCl stress. Furthermore, although this enhanced tolerance resulted mainly from an osmoprotectant action, an
osmoregulatory effect could not be ruled out. 相似文献
19.
Patra Falguni Tomar Sudhir Kumar Rajput Yudhishthir Singh Singh Rameshwar 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(4):933-939
Mannitol is a naturally occurring low calorie sweetener, widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine and chemical industries.
In this study mannitol producing strains of Leuconostoc spp. (210) were isolated from a wide array of sources such as raw milk, fermented milks, fermented cereal foods, fruits,
vegetables and sugar factory syrup. During initial screening, half of the population of these isolates (105) exhibited ability
to produce mannitol to a variable extent. Only 11.4% isolate produced mannitol yield of above 80% (when fructose used @ 50 g/l).
Cultural and environmental factors affecting growth and mannitol production were studied for four high mannitol producing
isolates. High mannitol production was favored by high temperature and high pH. Isolates had high osmotic tolerance as these
could use fructose concentration as high as 100 g/l in batch culture. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of the strains revealed
that Ln27, Ln104 and Ln206 were Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Ln92 was Leuconostoc fallax. 相似文献
20.
Seaweeds emerge as promising third-generation renewable for sustainable bioproduction. In the present work, we valorized brown seaweed to produce l-lysine, the world's leading feed amino acid, using Corynebacterium glutamicum, which was streamlined by systems metabolic engineering. The mutant C. glutamicum SEA-1 served as a starting point for development because it produced small amounts of l-lysine from mannitol, a major seaweed sugar, because of the deletion of its arabitol repressor AtlR and its engineered l-lysine pathway. Starting from SEA-1, we systematically optimized the microbe to redirect excess NADH, formed on the sugar alcohol, towards NADPH, required for l-lysine synthesis. The mannitol dehydrogenase variant MtlD D75A, inspired by 3D protein homology modelling, partly generated NADPH during the oxidation of mannitol to fructose, leading to a 70% increased l-lysine yield in strain SEA-2C. Several rounds of strain engineering further increased NADPH supply and l-lysine production. The best strain, SEA-7, overexpressed the membrane-bound transhydrogenase pntAB together with codon-optimized gapN, encoding NADPH-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and mak, encoding fructokinase. In a fed-batch process, SEA-7 produced 76 g L−1 l-lysine from mannitol at a yield of 0.26 mol mol−1 and a maximum productivity of 2.1 g L−1 h−1. Finally, SEA-7 was integrated into seaweed valorization cascades. Aqua-cultured Laminaria digitata, a major seaweed for commercial alginate, was extracted and hydrolyzed enzymatically, followed by recovery and clean-up of pure alginate gum. The residual sugar-based mixture was converted to l-lysine at a yield of 0.27 C-mol C-mol−1 using SEA-7. Second, stems of the wild-harvested seaweed Durvillaea antarctica, obtained as waste during commercial processing of the blades for human consumption, were extracted using acid treatment. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using SEA-7 provided l-lysine at a yield of 0.40 C-mol C-mol−1. Our findings enable improvement of the efficiency of seaweed biorefineries using tailor-made C. glutamicum strains. 相似文献