Polyclonal antibodies specific for VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) produced via gene cloning and expression

Capsid protein genes VP1 and VP3 of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) were cloned into pGEX-6P-1 expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. After induction, recombinant VP1 (rVP1) and recombinant VP3 (rVP3) were produced, purified by SDS-PAGE and used for immunization of Swiss mice for antisera production. Anti-rVP1 and anti-rVP3 antisera showed specific immunoreactivities to rVP1 and rVP3 proteins, respectively, by Western blot assay and also yielded good results for detection of TSV in various shrimp tissues by immunohistochemistry. This is the first step towards our target of preparing monoclonal antibodies specific to rVP1 and rVP3 for use in simple immuno-diagnostic test kits for TSV detection and identification.     

诺如病毒NV衣壳蛋白VP1表达纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的 获得纯化的诺如病毒（NV）衣壳蛋白VP1,免疫动物制备多克隆抗体。方法 提取粪便样品中诺如病毒RNA,逆转录得到cDNA文库,通过PCR扩增获取VP1基因序列,构建到大肠埃希菌原核表达系统中诱导表达重组VP1蛋白。使用镍柱亲和层析法对重组蛋白进行纯化,十二烷基磺酸钠‒聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和考马斯亮蓝法（BSA）对重组蛋白的纯度与浓度进行分析,以重组的VP1蛋白为抗原,免疫雄性SPF级SD大鼠获得多抗血清,用ELISA测定抗体效价、Western blot检测抗体特异性。结果 成功地构建出重组表达载体VP1-pET28a,并将其在大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）中稳定地表达诱导重组蛋白。ELISA测其多抗血清的平均效价为1∶200000,Western blot检测抗体在原核和真核特异性很高。结论 本实验成功地利用原核表达系统表达诺如病毒衣壳蛋白VP1,为进一步研究诺如病毒的诊断和疫苗开发提供了条件。     

Specific monoclonal antibodies raised against Taura syndrome virus (TSV) capsid protein VP3 detect TSV in single and dual infections with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

The gene sequence encoding VP3 capsid protein of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) was cloned into pGEX-6P-1 expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. After induction, recombinant GST-VP3 (rVP3) fusion protein was obtained and further purified by electro-elution before use in immunizing Swiss mice for production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). One MAb specific to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and 6 MAb specific to VP3 were selected using dot blotting and Western blotting. MAb specific to VP3 could be used to detect natural TSV infections in farmed whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei by dot blotting and Western blotting, without cross reaction to shrimp tissues or other shrimp viruses, such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), yellow head virus (YHV), monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). These MAb were also used together with those specific for WSSV to successfully detect TSV and WSSV in dual infections in farmed P. vannamei.     

Self-assembly of the infectious bursal disease virus capsid protein, rVP2, expressed in insect cells and purification of immunogenic chimeric rVP2H particles by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography

A gene encoding a structural protein (VP2) of a local strain (P3009) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned and expressed using the baculovirus expression system to develop a subunit vaccine against IBDV infection in Taiwan. The expressed rVP2 proteins formed particles of approximately 20-30 nm in diameter. Those particles were partially purified employing sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and the purified particles were recognized by a monoclonal antibody against the VP2 protein of IBDV P3009. To facilitate the purification of the particles, the VP2 protein was engineered to incorporate a metal ion binding site (His)(6 )at its C-terminus. The chimeric rVP2H proteins also formed particles, which could be affinity-purified in one step with immobilized metal ions (Ni(2+)). Particle formation was confirmed by direct observation under the electron microscope. The production level of rVP2H protein was determined to be 20 mg/L in a batch culture of Hi-5 cells by quantifying the concentration of the purified proteins. The chicken protection assay was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the rVP2H protein. When susceptible chickens were inoculated with the recombinant rVP2H proteins (40 microg/bird), virus-neutralizing antibodies were induced, thereby conferring a high level of protection against the challenge of a very virulent strain of IBDV. In conclusion, the most significant finding in this work is that both of the expressed rVP2 and rVP2H proteins can form a particulate structure capable of inducing a strong immunological response in a vaccinated chicken.     

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to the Recombinant Potato virus M (PVM) Non‐structural Triple Gene Block Protein 1 and Coat Protein

The genes encoding the coat protein (CP) and triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) of Potato virus M (PVM) were cloned into expression vector pET‐45b(+) (N‐terminal 6xHis tag) and expressed in E. coli Rosetta gami‐2(DE3). The purified recombinant antigens were used for raising polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies against recombinant CP were successfully used in Western blot analysis, plate‐trapped ELISA and DAS‐ELISA as a coating for PVM detection in infected potato leaf samples. The antibodies against recombinant non‐structural protein detected the TGBp1 only in Western blot analysis. This is the first report of the production of polyclonal antibodies against recombinant coat protein and TGBp1 of PVM and their use for detecting the virus.     

Antigenic and immunogenic properties of truncated VP28 protein of white spot syndrome virus in Procambarus clarkii

Previous studies identify VP28 envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) as its main antigenic protein. Although implicated in viral infectivity, its functional role remains unclear. In the current study, we described the production of polyclonal antibodies to recombinant truncated VP28 proteins including deleted N-terminal (rVP28ΔN), C-terminal (rVP28ΔC) and middle (rVP28ΔM). In antigenicity assays, antibodies developed from VP28 truncations lacking the N-terminal or middle regions showed significantly lowered neutralization of WSSV in crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Further immunogenicity analysis showed reduced relative percent survival (RPS) in crayfish vaccinating with these truncations before challenge with WSSV. These results indicated that N-terminal (residues 1–27) and middle region (residues 35–95) were essential to maintain the neutralizing linear epitopes of VP28 and responsible in eliciting immune response. Thus, it is most likely that these regions are exposed on VP28, and will be useful for rational design of effective vaccines targeting VP28 of WSSV.     

Shrimp vaccination trials with the VP292 protein of white spot syndrome virus

AIMS: Construction of a recombinant vector that expresses VP292 protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and to exploit the possibility of obtaining the vaccine conferring protection against WSSV infection in shrimps. METHODS AND RESULTS: VP292 protein of WSSV was amplified from WSSV genomic DNA by PCR. The target 814 bp amplified product specific for VP292 protein was inserted in to pQE30 expression vector. The recombinant plasmid of VP292 protein was transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli under induction of isopropyl-1-1-thio-beta-D-galactoside (IPTG) and the immunoreactivity of the fusion protein was detected by Western blot. Shrimp were vaccinated by intramuscular injection of the purified protein VP292 of WSSV and challenged for 0-30 days. Vaccination trial experiments show that two injections with recombinant VP292 (rVP292) protein induced a higher resistance, with 52% relative percentage survival value, in the shrimp at the 30th day postvaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The expression system of protein VP292 of WSSV with a high efficiency has been successfully constructed. Vaccination trials show significant resistance in the shrimp vaccinated twice with recombinant VP292. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results of this study prosper the development of WSSV protein vaccine against WSSV infection in shrimps.     

灰飞虱内生病毒HiPV外壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体的制备及在病毒检测中的应用

【目的】前期发现水稻条纹病毒(rice stripe virus, RSV)可与介体灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus体内的HiPV病毒(Himetobi P virus, HiPV)互作。本研究旨在制备HiPV外壳蛋白VP1的多克隆抗体,并评估其在HiPV病毒检测中的可用性,以为深入研究HiPV-RSV和HiPV-灰飞虱的互作机制提供技术支持。【方法】以RT-PCR方法从灰飞虱成虫体内扩增HiPV主要外壳蛋白基因VP1,然后将VP1基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a中,构建表达载体pET-VP1。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导、Ni²⁺-NTA亲和层析纯化,获得重组蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔,制备抗体。【结果】从灰飞虱体内克隆到774 bp的HiPV外壳蛋白基因VP1,经原核表达、纯化,获得分子量约47.5 kD的融合蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔后获得VP1多克隆抗体。该抗体间接ELISA效价达1∶819 200,与HiPV外壳蛋白VP1有特异性反应,而与灰飞虱蛋白无交叉反应。利用该多克隆抗体建立了检测单头灰飞虱成虫体内HiPV的Western blot和免疫捕获RT-PCR方法,检测结果显示HiPV在携带和不携带RSV的灰飞虱高亲和性群体内均广泛存在。【结论】利用制备的HiPV的VP1多克隆抗体可特异性检测灰飞虱体内HiPV。本研究为HiPV病毒的快速检测以及HiPV-RSV互作、HiPV-灰飞虱互作研究提供了技术支持。     

In vitro expression and monoclonal antibody of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for infectious bursal disease virus

VP1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has been suggested to play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral RNAs. In this study, we first expressed the complete VP1 protein gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli), and then the produced polyclonal antibody and four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to recombinant VP1 protein (rVP1) were shown to bind the IBDV particles in chicken embryo fibroblast and Vero cells. The epitopic analysis showed that mAbs 1D4 and 3C7 recognized respectively two distinct antigenic epitopes on the rVP1 protein, but two pair of mAbs 1A2/2A12 and 1E1/1H3 potentially recognized another two topologically related epitopes. Immunocytochemical stainings showed that VP1 protein formed irregularly shaped particles in the cytoplasm of the IBDV-infected cells. These results demonstrated that the mAbs to rVP1 protein could bind the epitopes of IBDV particles, indicating that the rVP1 protein expressed in E. coli was suitable for producing the mAb to VP1 protein of IBDV, and that the cytoplasm could be the crucial site for viral genome replication of IBDV.     

凋亡素蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及免疫学评价

凋亡素由鸡贫血病毒中的VP3基因编码,能诱导多种肿瘤细胞发生凋亡。以真核表达载体pcDNA3.0-VP3为模板构建原核表达载体pET8a-VP3,经NdeⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切鉴定和基因测序无误后,在IPGT诱导下表达VP3蛋白并对其进行纯化,将纯化后的VP3蛋白与弗氏完全佐剂或不完全佐剂乳化后,分别对两只新西兰大耳白兔进行皮下多点注射,间接ELISA检测免疫后血清效价,效价达到指标后第2天以心脏穿刺的方法采全血后分离抗血清。抗血清效价高的兔子进一步采用Protein A纯化总IgG,最终纯化后的抗体效价可以达到1 ∶ 243 000。用重组腺相关病毒rAAV-VP3感染细胞后对抗体的特异性进行免疫学评价。首先利用免疫荧光技术检测VP3基因在人膀胱癌细胞株T24、EJ细胞以及Vero细胞中的表达情况,观察到凋亡素在T24、EJ细胞中主要定位于细胞核,而在Vero细胞中则定位于细胞质。其次通过Western blotting检测纯化后的抗体能与细胞内腺相关病毒介导表达的凋亡素蛋白特异性结合。实验证明了制备的凋亡素蛋白多克隆抗体的有效性和特异性,为进一步阐明凋亡素抗肿瘤效应的分子机制及生物学特性奠定了基础。     

兔抗人热激蛋白70样蛋白1多克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

目的：制备兔抗人热激蛋白70样蛋白1（HSP70L1）的多克隆抗体并进行初步鉴定。方法：在大肠杆菌中重组表达融合蛋白GST-HSP70L1和His-HSP70L1并纯化;将GST-HSP70L1融合蛋白用于免疫新西兰大耳白兔获得多克隆抗体,用His-HSP70L1对抗血清进行分离纯化,得到抗HSP70L1多克隆抗体,用Western印迹、免疫沉淀对其进行初步鉴定。结果：获得了高表达的GST-HSP70L1和His-HSP70L1重组融合蛋白;纯化获得抗HSP70L1抗体,此抗体可用于Western印迹和免疫沉淀实验。结论：获得了兔抗人HSP70L1的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究HSP70L1的生物功能提供了有用的工具。     

VP37 of white spot syndrome virus interact with shrimp cells

Aims:  To investigate VP37 [WSV 254 of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome] interacting with shrimp cells and protecting shrimp against WSSV infection.
Methods and Results:  VP37 was expressed in Escherichia coli and was confirmed by Western blotting. Virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) technique was used to analyse the rVP37 interaction with shrimp and the results showed that rVP37 interacted with shrimp cell membrane. Binding assay of recombinant VP37 with shrimp cell membrane by ELISA confirmed that purified rVP37 had a high-binding activity with shrimp cell membrane. Binding of rVP37 to shrimp cell membrane was a dose-dependent. Competition ELISA result showed that the envelope protein VP37 could compete with WSSV to bind to shrimp cells. In vivo inhibition experiment showed that rVP37 provided 40% protection. Inhibition of virus infection by rVP37 in primary cell culture revealed that rVP37 counterparted virus infection within the experiment period.
Conclusions:  VP37 has been successfully expressed in E . coli . VP37 interacted with shrimp cells.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The results suggest that rVP37 has a potential application in prevention of virus infection.     

Comparison of two eukaryotic systems for the expression of VP6 protein of rotavirus specie A: transient gene expression in HEK293-T cells and insect cell-baculovirus system

The VP6 protein of rotavirus A (RVA) is a target antigen used for diagnostic assays and also for the development of new RVA vaccines. We have compared the expression of VP6 protein in human embryonic kidney (HEK293-T) cells with results obtained using a well-established insect cell-baculovirus system. The recombinant VP6 (rVP6) expressed in HEK293-T cells did not present degradation and also retained the ability to form trimers. In the insect cell-baculovirus system, rVP6 was expressed at higher levels and with protein degradation as well as partial loss of ability to form trimers was observed. Therefore, HEK293-T cells represent a less laborious alternative system than insect cells for expression of rVP6 from human RVA.     

Detection of Bluetongue Virus Group-specific Antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the bluetongue virus (BTV) group specific antigen (VP7) was characterized for its reactivity with purified virus and recombinant BTV VP7 (rVP7) protein and its suitability for use in the sandwich ELISA.The MAb,designated as 5B5 was specific to VP7 and belongs to IgG2a subclass and was selected for the development of the sELISA in this study.The MAb had a titer of 1:25 with BTV and 1:2 with the rVP7 protein.The sELISA is based on capturing of BTV antigen with VP7 spec...     

草鱼Ⅲ型呼肠孤病毒NS66抗体制备及应用

[背景]草鱼Ⅲ型呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV genotypeⅢ) 104株可导致典型性草鱼出血病,对其编码片段的分析有望为临床免疫学检测提供依据。[目的]研究GCRV104株s6基因节段编码蛋白NS66的可能功能,制备良好的GCRV104株NS66蛋白多克隆抗体并分析其特异性。[方法]PCR方法扩增GCRV104株s6基因片段,并克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-3,转化到大肠杆菌BL21后用IPTG诱导表达,其产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定分析后,通过纯化获得目的蛋白。然后用纯化的pGEX-4T-3-NS66重组蛋白免疫小鼠,获得Anti pGEX-4T-3-NS66多克隆抗体,Western blot测定抗体效价,Western blotting和间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)鉴定抗体特异性。[结果]SDS-PAGE分析显示表达的重组蛋白约66 kD,大小与预期相符,主要存在于包涵体中;Western blotting测得制备的多克隆抗体效价大于1:50 000,Western blotting和IFA结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体能特异性识别GCRV104病毒。[结论]GCRV104病毒编码的非结构蛋白NS66可能参与了复制和组装过程,形成病毒包涵体,这为建立GCRV104免疫诊断方法及研究GCRV编码的NS66蛋白的功能奠定了前期基础。     

幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原的可溶性表达及其多克隆抗体的制备和分析*

目的:利用原核表达和蛋白质纯化技术获得高纯度的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原(rCagL),利用其制备anti-CagL多克隆抗体,并分析抗体的特异性。方法:通过生物信息学软件分析rCagL的抗原结构;利用PCR长片段DNA合成技术合成不含有信号肽序列的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL基因,将其插入表达质粒pCzn1中,构建重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL。然后,将pCzn1-rCagL转入大肠杆菌Arctic Express中,经IPTG诱导表达后,通过Ni-IDA镍离子亲和层析纯化重组抗原rCagL,利用Western blot鉴定rCagL与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体的免疫反应性;最后,通过rCagL辅以弗氏佐剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备anti-CagL多克隆抗血清,通过ELISA方法分析抗血清的特异性。结果:生物信息学软件表明重组抗原rCagL具有较好的抗原性质;重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL经双酶切和基因测序等技术鉴定,证实rCagL核苷酸序列与理论序列完全一致;基因工程菌株pCzn1-rCagL/Arctic Express在低温11℃条件经IPTG诱导表达。 SDS-PAGE实验结果证实:rCagL可实现相对高效地可溶性蛋白表达,可溶性蛋白约占包涵体的62.07%。经Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化,可获得高纯度rCagL,纯度约为96.6%。Western blot结果证实:重组抗原rCagL可特异性与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体结合。ELISA结果证实:经rCagL免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体anti-CagL可特异性识别rCagL和H. pylori裂解物,具有较高的抗体特异性。结论:重组抗原rCagL在低温条件下可实现可溶性表达,经纯化可获得高纯度抗原蛋白;rCagL具有较好的抗原性,制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的免疫特异性,为发展H. pylori相关诊断试剂奠定了实验基础。     

Characterization and Diagnostic Use of a Monoclonal Antibody for VP28 Envelope Protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus

The gene encoding the VP28 envelope protein of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was cloned into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into the Escherichia coli strain BL21.After induction,the recombinant VP28 (rVP28) protein was purified and then used to immunize Balb/c mice for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production.It was observed by immuno-electron microscopy the MAbs specific to rVP28 could recognize native VP28 target epitopes of WSSV and dot-blot analysis was used to detect natural WSSV infection.Co...     

Goose parvovirus structural proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses self-assemble into virus-like particles with strong immunogenicity in goose

Goose parvovirus (GPV), a small non-enveloped ssDNA virus, can cause Derzsy’s disease, and three capsid proteins of VP1, VP2, and VP3 are encoded by an overlapping nucleotide sequence. However, little is known on whether recombinant viral proteins (VPs) could spontaneously assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in insect cells and whether these VLPs could retain their immunoreactivity and immunogenicity in susceptible geese. To address these issues, genes for these GPV VPs were amplified by PCR, and the recombinant VPs proteins were expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system for the characterization of their structures, immunoreactivity, and immunogenicity. The rVP1, rVP2, and rVP3 expressed in Sf9 cells were detected by anti-GPV sera, anti-VP3 sera, and anti-His antibodies, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that these rVPs spontaneously assembled into VLPs in insect cells, similar to that of the purified wild-type GPV virions. In addition, vaccination with individual types of VLPs, particularly with the rVP2-VLPs, induced higher titers of antibodies and neutralized different strains of GPVs in primary goose and duck embryo fibroblast cells in vitro. These data indicated that these VLPs retained immunoreactivity and had strong immunogenicity in susceptible geese. Therefore, our findings may provide a framework for development of new vaccines for the prevention of Derzsy’s disease and vehicles for the delivery of drugs.     

肺炎链球菌SpxA蛋白的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的 构建肺炎链球菌SpxA蛋白的原核表达系统,制备其多克隆抗体.方法 设计引物,利用PCR技术扩增肺炎链球菌D39菌株的spxA基因,并插入表达载体pET-28a（＋）内,测序鉴定.重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）中,以IPTG诱导表达含6个组氨酸标签的SpxA重组蛋白,经Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化后,以其为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体.用ELISA及Western印迹方法分别检测多克隆抗体的效价及特异性.结果 从大肠埃希菌中诱导出高表达的SpxA重组蛋白,纯化后免疫小鼠获得抗血清,ELISA测定其效价可达1：2 560 000以上,Western印迹结果显示其能特异性地作用于肺炎链球菌SpxA.结论 成功构建了pET-28a（＋）-spxA原核表达质粒,获得了高纯度的目的 蛋白和高滴度、高特异性的多克隆抗体.