Synthesis and structural characterization of silver nanoparticles using bacterial exopolysaccharide and its antimicrobial activity against food and multidrug resistant pathogens

A green, simple, and effective approach was performed to synthesize potent silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using bacterial exopolysaccharide as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized SNPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform-infrared spectra analyses. The SNPs varied in shape and were multidispersed with a mean diameter of 10 nm ranging from 2 to 15 nm and were stable up to 2 months at room temperature. The antimicrobial activity of the SNPs was analyzed against bacterial and fungal pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. Dose dependent inhibition was observed for all bacterial pathogens. The multidrug resistant pathogens P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia were found to be more susceptible to the SNPs than the food borne pathogen L. monocytogenes. The fungi Aspergillus spp. exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition compared to that of Penicillum spp. These results suggest that exopolysaccharide-stabilized SNPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent for various biomedical applications.     

The synthesis of chitosan-based silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity

Chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate salts with nontoxic and biodegradable chitosan. The silver nanoparticles thus obtained showed highly potent antibacterial activity toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, comparable with the highly active precursor silver salts. Silver-impregnated chitosan films were formed from the starting materials composed of silver nitrate and chitosan via thermal treatment. Compared with pure chitosan films, chitosan films with silver showed both fast and long-lasting antibacterial effectiveness against Escherichia coli. The silver antibacterial materials prepared in our present system are promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical and general applications.     

Antioxidant,antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using terpenes rich extract of Lantana camara L. leaves

Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant extracts. Present study revealed that, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic AgNPs were synthesized using terpenes-rich extract (TRE) of environmentally notorious Lantana camara L. leaves. AgNPs were characterized by advanced techniques like UV–Visible and Infra red spectroscopy; XRD, SEM techniques as terpenes coated sphere shaped NPs with average diameter 425 nm. Further, on evaluation, AgNPs were found to exhibit dose – dependent antioxidant potential, good to moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and toxicity on Brine shrimp (A. salinanauplii) with LD₅₀ value 514.50 µg/ml.     

纳米银对紫萍休眠芽萌发、存活和生长的影响

纳米银(AgNPs)是一种潜在的新型环境污染物,本研究以紫萍(Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid)休眠芽为实验材料,研究AgNPs对休眠芽萌发率、存活率及叶状体数目、面积和叶绿素含量等指标的影响,并对各项指标的半数效应浓度(EC₅₀)进行比较。结果显示,AgNPs可以抑制紫萍休眠芽的萌发,高浓度(10 mg/L)时可造成休眠芽死亡率显著增加。紫萍休眠芽萌发后叶状体数目和叶状体面积、色素含量均随浓度增加逐渐降低,表现出剂量效应,且叶绿素a对AgNPs最敏感。研究结果表明AgNPs对水生植物紫萍无性繁殖体的萌发和生长都具有抑制作用,具有一定的生态风险。     

Evaluation of silver nanoparticles in cosmeceutical and potential biosafety complications

Silver nanoparticles are well received in the cosmeceutical industry due to their broad spectrum of pharmacology applications. Research on the therapeutic properties exhibited by silver nanoparticles revealed that the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are the main attraction in the establishment of nanocosmeceutical products whereby their mechanisms of action are reviewed in this paper. In addition, studies on other uses of silver nanoparticles acknowledged that the particles act as antifungal agents in nail polishes and pigments in coloured beauty products such as lipsticks and eye shadows. Despite the extensive use of silver nanoparticles in the cosmetic line, there are still limited resources on the mechanism of actions and the effect of the particles on the bio-functionality of the body. The safety of silver nanoparticles could be comprehended from their skin penetration ability and toxicity to the human body in which it could be justified that both features are mainly influenced by the morphology of the particles and the method of application. This article summarizes exclusively on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the biomedical mechanisms and applications as well the limitations with respect to skin penetration ability and toxicity effects which will contribute significantly to the vast research on the association of nanotechnology and cosmetics.     

Pomegranate peel induced biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their multifaceted potential against intracellular pathogen and cancer

In the field of nano-biotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) share a status of high repute owing to their remarkable medicinal values. Biological synthesis of environment-friendly AgNPs using plant extracts has emerged as the beneficial alternative approach to chemical synthesis. In the current study, we have synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (PG-AgNPs) using the peel extract of Punica granatum as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized PG-AgNPs were characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer potential. UV–Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the formation of biogenic PG-AgNPs. The antibacterial potential was assessed against the biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes. The PG-AgNPs were efficacious against sessile bacteria and their biofilm as well. The as-synthesized nanoparticles at sub-MIC values showed dose-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation. Corroborating results were observed under crystal violet assay, Congo red staining, Confocal microscopy and SEM analysis. The anticancer ability of the nanoparticles was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. As evident from the MTT results, PG-AgNPs significantly reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Morphological changes and DNA fragmentation showed the strong positive effect of PG-AgNPs on the induction of apoptosis. Collectively, the as-synthesized PG-AgNPs evolved with synergistically emerged attributes that were effective against L. monocytogenes and also inhibited its biofilm formation; moreover, the system displayed lower cytotoxic manifestation towards mammalian cells. In addition, the PG-AgNPs embodies intriguing anticancer potential against metastatic breast cancer cells.     

Phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles exposure on germinating wheat seedlings

We investigated the effects of 1 and 10 mg L⁻¹ AgNPs on germinating Triticum aestivum L. seedlings. The exposure to 10 mg L⁻¹ AgNPs adversely affected the seedling growth and induced morphological modifications in root tip cells. TEM analysis suggests that the observed effects were due primarily to the release of Ag ions from AgNPs.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Andean blackberry fruit extract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using various plant materials opens a new scope for the phytochemist and discourages the use of toxic chemicals. In this article, we report an eco-friendly and low-cost method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Andean blackberry fruit extracts as both a reducing and capping agent. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by various analytical instruments like UV–visible, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formation of AgNPs was analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy at λ_max = 435 nm. TEM analysis of AgNPs showed the formation of a crystalline, spherical shape and 12–50 nm size, whereas XRD peaks at 38.04°, 44.06°, 64.34° and 77.17° confirmed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. FTIR analysis was done to identify the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of the AgNPs. Furthermore, it was found that the AgNPs showed good antioxidant efficacy (>78%, 0.1 mM) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. The process of synthesis is environmentally compatible and the synthesized AgNPs could be a promising candidate for many biomedical applications.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum canum and their anti-bacterial activity

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an important area in the field of nanotechnology, which has cost effective and environment friendly benefit over physical and chemical methods. The present study aims at preparation of silver nanoparticles through green route using leaves of Ocimum canum Sims, a widely distributed medicinal herb. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by SEM and XRD. The spherical and rod like morphological shapes were proven by SEM techniques. Crystallographic structure was confirmed by XRD and average particle size of synthesized silver nanoparticles was calculated which was found to be of 15.72 nm. The antibacterial activity of these prepared silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) has shown the highest ZOI of 2.45 cm at 30 ppm.     

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with catechol O-methyltransferase: Spectroscopic and simulation analyses

Catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catechol containing compounds, catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group between S-adenosylmethionine and the hydroxyl groups of the catechol. Furthermore it is considered a potential drug target for Parkinson’s disease as it metabolizes the drug levodopa. Consequently inhibitors of the enzyme would increase levels of levodopa. In this study, absorption, fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy as well as computational simulation studies investigated human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase interaction with silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles form a corona with the enzyme and quenches the fluorescence of Trp143. This amino acid maintains the correct structural orientation for the catechol ring during catalysis through a static mechanism supported by a non-fluorescent fluorophore–nanoparticle complex. The enzyme has one binding site for AgNPs in a thermodynamically spontaneous binding driven by electrostatic interactions as confirmed by negative ΔG and ΔH and positive ΔS values. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy within the amide I region of the enzyme indicated that the interaction causes relaxation of its β?structures, while simulation studies indicated the involvement of six polar amino acids. These findings suggest AgNPs influence the catalytic activity of catechol O-methyltransferase, and therefore have potential in controlling the activity of the enzyme.     

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Jatropha integerrima Jacq. flower extract and their possible applications as antibacterial and antioxidant agent

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. flower extract was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the current study. Various spectroscopic analyses were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles (JIF-AgNPs). The antibacterial efficacy of JIF-AgNPs was studied by well diffusion and microdilution techniques. In addition, the impact of JIF-AgNPs on free radicals was evaluated. On the ultraviolet–visible spectrum, the nanoparticles exhibit the highest absorbance at 422 nm. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, phenols and amino acids were involved in capping the JIF-AgNPs. Crystalline sphere-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 50.07 nm and zeta potential of ?19.0 mV were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis respectively. The JIF-AgNPs exhibit the highest and lowest growth inhibitory activity towards E. coli and B. subtilis. The minimal inhibitory concentration of JIF-AgNPs against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and B. subtilis were 2.5, 5.0, 5.0, and 7.5 μg/mL, respectively. The JIF-AgNPs exhibited significant radical scavenging activities against DPPH (IC₅₀-32.5 ± 0.06 µg/mL), hydroxyl (IC₅₀-25 ± 0.09 µg/mL), Superoxide (IC₅₀-42.5 ± 0.13 µg/mL), and ABTs (IC₅₀-33.5 ± 0.15 µg/mL). Thus, synthesized nanoparticles were a good alternative to develop an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.     

Phytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on Camelina sativa L

Due to the increased production and release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment, the concerns about the possibility of toxicity and oxidative damage to plant ecosystems should be considered. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L) synthesized using the extract of camelina (Camelina sativa) leaves on the growth and the biochemical traits of camelina seedlings were investigated. The results showed that AgNPs significantly increased Ag accumulation in the roots and shoots which decreased the growth and photosynthetic pigments of camelina seedlings. The highest decrease in the height and total dry weight was observed by 53.1 and 61.8% under 4 g/L AgNPs, respectively over control plants. AgNPs application over 2 g/L enhanced the accumulation of proline, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal, and up-regulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and glyoxalase (glyoxalase I and II) system which indicates oxidative stress induction in camelina seedlings. Moreover, AgNPs reduced ASA and GSH contents and increased DHA and GSSG contents, hence disrupting the redox balance. These results showed that AgNPs at 4 g/L had the most toxic effects on the camelina growth. Therefore, increasing oxidative stress markers and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in glyoxalase system indicated the oxidative stress induced by AgNPs treatments over 2 g/L as well as the induction of antioxidant defense systems to combat AgNPs-induced oxidative stress.     

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by endosymbiont Pseudomonas fluorescens CA 417 and their bactericidal activity

The present study emphasizes on biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their bactericidal activity against human and phytopathogens. Nanoparticle synthesis was performed using endosymbiont Pseudomonas fluorescens CA 417 inhabiting Coffea arabica L. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using hyphenated spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy which revealed maximum absorption 425 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the possible functional groups mediating and stabilizing silver nanoparticles with predominant peaks occurring at 3346 corresponding to hydroxyl group, 1635 corresponding carbonyl group and 680 to aromatic group. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the Bragg’s diffraction pattern with distinct peaks at 38° 44°, 64° and 78° revealing the face-centered cubic (fcc) metallic crystal corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) facets of the crystal planes at 2θ angle. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed presence of high intense absorption peak at 3 keV is a typical characteristic of nano-crystalline silver which confirmed the presence of elemental silver. TEM analysis revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be in the range 5–50 nm with polydisperse nature of synthesized nanoparticles bearing myriad shapes. The particle size determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) method revealed average size to be 20.66 nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against panel of test pathogens. The results showed Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 7407) and Xanthomonas campestris to be more sensitive among the test human pathogen and phyto-pathogen respectively. The study also reports synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles in combination with kanamycin which displayed increased fold activity up to 58.3% against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 7407). The results of the present investigation are promising enough and attribute towards growing scientific knowledge on development of new antimicrobial agents to combat drug resistant microorganisms. The study provides insight on emerging role of endophytes towards reduction of metal salts to synthesize nanoparticles.     

Enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of Ocimum basilicum,and Ocimum sanctum (L.) using silver nanoparticles

The role of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) is an attractive proposition for advancing modern diabetes therapies and applied science. Stable AgNps with a size range of 3–25 nm were synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum sanctum, and in combination. The concentration of the extracts facilitated the reduction of silver nitrate that led to the rapid formation of AgNps at room temperature, indicating a higher reaction rate as opposed to harsh chemical methods, and high conversion energy usually involved in the synthesis. The size, shape and elemental analysis were carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential whilst, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) supported by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was used to identify the type of capping agents. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes retards the rate of carbohydrate digestion, thereby provides an alternative and a less evasive strategy of reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. The AgNps derived from O. sanctum and O. basilicum, respectively displayed an inhibitory effect at 89.31 ± 5.32%, and 79.74 ± 9.51%, respectively, against Bacillus stearothermophilus α-glucosidase enzyme model, indicating an enhanced biocatalytic potential compared to their respective crude extracts and the control. Furthermore, the emerging rate of infections in diabetic patients validates the need for the discovery of dual diabetes therapies. As a result, the bioderived AgNps displayed antimicrobial activity against bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella species.     

Cytogenetic effects of silver and gold nanoparticles on Allium cepa roots

The present study evaluates the cytogenetic effects of both silver and gold nanoparticles on the root cells of Allium cepa. In this study, the root cells of Allium cepa were treated with both gold and silver nanoparticles of different concentrations (1?mg/L, 5?mg/L and 10?mg/L) along with control for 72?h. Experimental results revealed that after 72?h of exposure, a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) from 68% (control) to 52.4% (1?mg/L), 47.3% (5?mg/L) and 41.4% (10?mg/L) for gold nanoparticles and 57.1% (1?mg/L), 53% (5?mg/l), 55.8% (10?mg/L) for silver nanoparticles. Through minute observation of the photograph, it was recorded that some specific chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness of chromosome, chromosome breaks, nuclear notch, and clumped chromosome at different exposure conditions. Therefore, present results clearly suggest that Allium cepa root tip assay could be a viable path through which negative impact of both gold and silver nanoparticles can be demonstrated over a wide range of concentrations.     

纳米银的抗菌机制及临床应用研究

纳米银因具备抗菌谱广、效果好、安全性高等特性,其医疗制品在临床治疗方面应用广泛。现普遍认为纳米银可通过释放银离子(Ag+)和诱导活性氧自由基的表达等方式达到杀菌目的,但其发挥抗菌作用的效果受到表面正电荷和粒子直径等因素影响。本文就纳米银的抗菌机制及临床实践应用进行综述,对现有的各种抗菌材料进行分类,重点探讨纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白假丝酵母菌和铜绿假单胞菌的杀菌和抑菌原理,以及其在抗菌过程中的影响因素,并阐述了纳米银及其复合材料在临床实践中的应用,以期为纳米银抗菌应用方面的后续研究提供一些参考。     

Nematode-based biomarkers as critical risk indicators on assessing the impact of silver nanoparticles on soil ecosystems

Soil contamination caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) released from sewage treatment plants (STPs) is of great public concern. Understanding the relationships between the physicochemical properties of AgNPs and their toxicity is critical for environmental and health risk analysis. Here we presented an approach for rapidly screening and assessing the potential toxicity risk of AgNPs in general and sludge-treated soils based on the nematode Caenhorhabditis elegans-based probabilistic risk assessment framework. The soil environmental risks were estimated depending on the characteristics of AgNPs and geographic regions. We assessed the risk for soils exceeding a threshold of C. elegans neurotoxicity based on the statistical models. Our results indicated that locomotion inhibition of C. elegans was depending on surface properties, diameter, and exposure time of AgNPs. Here we showed that the overall sewage sludge-released AgNPs-associated soil contamination risk was very low among Europe, U.S., and Switzerland. However, large production and widespread use of AgNPs are highly likely to pose long-term ecotoxicity risk on general and sludge-treated soils, particularly for 26 nm citrate-coated AgNPs. Our approach of integrating probabilistic risk model and C. elegans-based ecological indicator provides an effective tool to rapidly screen and assess the impacts of STPs-released AgNPs on soil environment. We suggest that C. elegans as a proxy for estimating soil risk metrics can help develop methods of management for mitigating the metal NPs-induced toxicity on terrestrial ecosystems.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with Dalbergia spinosa leaves and their applications in biological and catalytic activities

The phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Dalbergia spinosa leaves (DSL) in aqueous extract was investigated. AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra red spectrophotometry (FTIR). The results showed that the increase in the initial extract concentration at room temperature increased the mean size and widened the size distribution of the AgNPs, leading to a red shift and broadening the surface plasmon resonance absorption (439 nm). The results showed that the reducing sugars and flavonoids were primarily responsible for the bioreduction of silver ions and that their reductive capability was promoted at 36 °C. TEM analysis showed that the AgNPs were nearly spherical in shape with an average size of 18 ± 4 nm. When evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, NO, hydrogen peroxide radicals, reducing power and CUPRAC assay methods in addition to anti-inflammatory activity by HBRC method, the silver nanoparticles exhibited considerably enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at the test doses when compared with that of the standards and the plant extract. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs against two Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negative bacteria showed moderate antibacterial activity when compared with the standard and the plant extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were also effective in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP).     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Conocarpus Lancifolius plant extract and their antimicrobial and anticancer activities

Due to drug addiction and the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, the disease load and medication intake have risen worldwide. The alternative treatment for drug-resistant infections is Nano formulation-based antimicrobial agents. The plant extract of Conocarpus Lancifolius fruits was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in the current study, and it was further employed as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Nanoparticles have been characterized by UV–visible spectrometer revealed the notable peak of λ_max = 410–442 nm, which confirms the reduction of silver ion to elemental silver nanoparticles, and the biological moieties in the synthesis were further confirmed by FTIR analysis. The stability and crystalline nature of materials were approved by XRD analysis and expected the size of the nanomaterials of 21 to 173 nm analyzed by a nanophox particle-size analyzer. In vitro, synthesized materials act as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zones of 18 and 24 mm have been estimated to be antibacterial activity against both bacteria. The potency of up to 100% of AgNPs for bacterial strains was incubated overnight at 60 μg/ml. Based on our results, biogenic AgNPs reveal significant activity against fungal pathogen Rhizopusus stolonifera and Aspergillus flavus that cause leading infectious diseases. Additionally, nanomaterials were biocompatible and demonstrated the potential anticancer activities against MDA MB-231 cells after 24-hour exposure.     

Photo-mediated optimized synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extracts of outer shell fibre of Cocos nucifera L. fruit and detection of its antioxidant,cytotoxicity and antibacterial potential

Presently, photo-mediated optimized synthesis of SNPs (CS-AgNPs) was carried out with the help of aqueous extracts of coconut (Cocos nucifera) outer shell fibre. Green synthesis of CS-AgNPs was undertaken under laboratory light conditions and characterized by several standard techniques such as UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). UV–Vis spectra displayed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 468 nm equivalent to CS-AgNPs, and the FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from the extract in the synthesis process. The SEM image data confirmed the round and circular nature of CS-AgNPs. The EDX data presented the elemental configuration with a solid peak at 3 KeV that matched with the Ag. The synthesized CS-AgNPs exhibited substantial cytotoxicity potential against the HepG2 cells with (effective concentration (IC₅₀) value of 15.28 µg/ml along with robust antioxidant potential, with respect to its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging (IC₅₀ of 96.39 µg/ml) and reducing assay (IC_0.5 of 209.96 µg/ml). The CS-AgNPs demonstrated encouraging antimicrobial potential against four different pathogenic bacteria and one Candida sp. with inhibition zone diameter ranged between 8.87 and 13.07 mm. Overall, the existing investigation suggested that CS-AgNPs can be an attractive, cost-effective, and environment-friendly candidate for its possible uses in the food, cosmetics, and therapeutic fields.