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1.
The present study was undertaken to reveal the changes in inorganic constituents of plants exposed to mammalian sex hormones
(MSH). Chickpea leaves were sprayed with 10−4, 10−6, 10−9, 10−12, and 10−15 M concentrations of progesterone, β-estradiol, and androsterone at 7th day after sowing. The plants were harvested at the
end of 18 days after treatment of MSH solutions and the inorganic components determined using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray
fluorescence spectroscopy technique. At all of the concentrations tested, MSH significantly increased the contents of K, S,
Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, P, Cu, and Ni. Interestingly, only Mn and Cl contents decreased. The maximum changes in the inorganic
composition were recorded at 10−6 M for plants treated with progesterone and 10−9 M for plants treated with β-estradiol and androsterone. 相似文献
2.
Dumlupinar R Genisel M Erdal S Korkut T Taspinar MS Taskin M 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(3):1740-1745
The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley leaves of mammalian sex hormones
(MSH). Barley leaves were sprayed with 10−4, 10−6, 10−9, 10−12, 10−15 M concentrations of progesterone, β-estradiol, and androsterone at 7th day after sowing. The plants were harvested at the
end of 18 days after treatment with MSH solutions. The inorganic element concentrations were determined using wavelength dispersive
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. Although the all MSH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, manganese, aluminum, zinc, iron,
potassium, and chlorine, it decreased those of sodium concentration in barley leaves. The maximum changes in the element concentrations
were obtained at 10−9 M for plant leaves treated with progesterone, 10−6 M for plant leaves treated with β-estradiol and androsterone. The present study elucidated that MSH significantly (p < 0.05) affected the inorganic element concentrations in barley leaves. 相似文献
3.
The influence of selected animal steroid sex hormones, on generative development of winter wheat var. Grana was investigated. Wheat plants of this variety necessitate 63-day long vernalization.
Mature, isolated embryos of wheat were cultured in vitro on media containing androsterone, androstenedione, estriol, estrone, 17β-estradiol and progesterone in concentrations 10−5 and 10−6 M. They were not vernalized or vernalized for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days (5 °C, 8 h photoperiod).
Investigated steroids stimulated the generative development of winter wheat by an increasing in the percentage of heading
plants and accelerating the heading. The strongest effect was observed when plants were treated with steroids during the suboptimal,
21 and 28 day, vernalization. After 28 days of vernalization, 100 % heading were observed in plants obtained on the media
containing androsterone and androstenedione in concentrations 10−5 and 10−6 M or estrone, 17β-estradiol and progesterone in concentration 10−5 M. Control plants showed only 8 % heading.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
4.
Many physiological and biochemical plant processes affected by salt stress trigger premature nodule senescence and decrease
their ability to fix nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in moderating
salt-induced premature nodule senescence in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in which the plants were exposed to salinity stress of 4, 6, and 8 dSm−1. Various parameters linked to nodule senescence were assessed at 80 days after sowing. Nodulation, leghemoglobin content,
and nitrogenase enzyme activity measured as acetylene-reducing activity (ARA) were evaluated. Two groups of antioxidant enzymes
were studied: (1) enzymes involved in the detoxification of O2− radicals and H2O2, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), and (2) enzymes that are important components of
the ascorbate glutathione pathway responsible for the removal of H2O2, namely, glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX). Exposure of plants to salinity stress enhanced nodule
formation; however, nodule growth suffered remarkably and a marked decline in nodule biomass, relative permeability, and lipid
peroxidation was observed. Leghemoglobin content and ARA were reduced under saline conditions. AM significantly improved nodulation,
leghemoglobin content, and nitrogenase activity under salt stress. Activities of SOD, CAT, APOX, POX, and GR increased markedly
in mycorrhizal-stressed plants. A synthesis of the evidence obtained in this study suggests a correlation between enhanced
levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced membrane permeability, reduced lipid peroxidation, and improved nitrogen-fixing
efficiency of AM plants under stressed and unstressed conditions. These factors could be responsible for the protective effects
of mycorrhiza against stress-induced premature nodule senescence. 相似文献
5.
Variation of physiological and antioxidative responses in tea cultivars subjected to elevated water stress followed by rehydration recovery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hrishikesh Upadhyaya Sanjib Kumar Panda Biman Kumar Dutta 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(4):457-468
Water stress is a major limitation for plant survival and growth. Several physiological and antioxidative mechanisms are involved
in the adaptation to water stress by plants. In this experiment, tea cultivars (TV-1, TV-20, TV-29 and TV-30) were subjected
to drought stress by withholding water for 20 days followed by rehydration. An experiment was thus performed to test and compare
the effect of dehydration and rehydration in growing seedlings of tea cultivars. The effect of drought stress and post stress
rehydration was measured by studying the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in tea. Water stress decreased nonenzymic
antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione contents with differential responses of enzymic antioxidants in selected clones
of Camellia sinensis indicating an oxidative stress situation. This was also apparent from increased lipid peroxidation, O2
− and H2O2 content in water stress imposed plants. But the oxidative damage was not permanent as the plants recovered after rehydration.
Comparatively less decrease in antioxidants, higher activities of POX, GR, CAT with higher phenolic contents suggested better
drought tolerance of TV-1, which was also visible from the recovery study, where it showed lower ROS level and higher recovery
of antioxidant property in response to rehydration, thus proving its better recovery potential. On the other hand, highest
H2O2 and lipid peroxidation with decrease in phenolic content during stress in TV-29 suggested its sensitivity to drought. The
antioxidant efficiency and biochemical tolerance in response to drought stress thus observed in the tested clones of Camellia sinensis can be arranged in the order as TV-30 > TV-1 > TV-29 > TV-20. 相似文献
6.
Shao-Hang Lin Zhong-Jing Liu Pei-Lei Xu Ye-Ying Fang Ji-Gang Bai 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(2):295-304
To investigate whether paraquat (PQ) is involved in regulation of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation under short-term
salt stress, and to elucidate the physiological mechanism of salt stress mitigated by PQ, a cucumber cultivar (cv. Chunguang
no. 2) was exposed to 100 mM NaCl for 48 h after pre-treatment with 10 μM PQ for 1 h. When compared to the control, salt stress
increased the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11)
and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) in the cucumber leaves. Under salt conditions, PQ pre-treatment prevented oxidative
stress as observed by the decreases in MDA, H2O2 and O2·− that correlated with the increase in antioxidant defenses. We propose that, at low concentrations, the PQ pre-treatment can
reduce the salt-induced oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidative mechanisms in cucumber plants. 相似文献
7.
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) seedlings were pretreated with hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester (DA-6) in concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and
40 mg dm−3 and then subjected to chilling and rewarming. The effects of applied DA-6 on the generation of reactive oxygen species (O2
−, H2O2), lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation and photosynthesis were evaluated. Pretreatment with DA-6 alleviated the inhibition
of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities caused by chilling stress thus reducing
O2
− and H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation in pretreated plants. DA-6 pretreatment also accelerated accumulation of proline and reduce
the decrease in proline content after rewarming. DA-6 pretreatment increases maximum quantum yield of photosystem 2 (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 (ΦPS2), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and net photosynthetic rate (PN) and decreases non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP) of the seedlings under chilling stress. DA-6 pretreatment also
increased the recovery rate of photosynthesis after rewarming. 相似文献
8.
Senescence is a developmentally regulated and highly ordered sequence of events. Senescence leads to abscission of plant organs
and eventually leads to death of a plant or part of it. Present study revealed that Phalaenopsis flower undergo senescence due to over activation of O2
·−generating xanthine oxidase (XO), which consequently increases the concentrations of O2
·− leading to enhanced oxidative damage and disturbed cellular redox environment as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation
and DHA/AsA + DHA ratio, respectively. While activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and non-specific
peroxidase (POD) were enhanced in sepals and petals of old flower, activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase
(GR) were decreased. Exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) retarded H2O2-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis flower by downregulating activity of XO and concentrations of O2
·−, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation). Exogenous application of NO also downregulated SOD activity and
upregulated antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification of H2O2 (CAT and APX), and in the regulation of redox couples viz, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and GR, together with the
modulation in non-protein thiol status and DHA/AsA + DHA ratio. 相似文献
9.
Changes in contents of reactive oxygen species (O2
− and H2O2) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were investigated during senescence
of detached cucumber cotyledons dipped in water (control) and 20 mg dm−3 triadimefon (TDM). O2
− and H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation were observed during senescence of cucumber cotyledons, which coincided with a drop in
the contents of carotenoids (Car) and ascorbic acid (AsA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)
and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and an increase in the activity of peroxidase (POD). However, TDM could significantly inhibit
the accumulation of O2
− and H2O2, and lipid peroxidation by preventing the decrease of CAT, APX, Car and AsA and the increase of POD, while TDM had little
effect on SOD activity during the senescence. Therefore we can draw a conclusion that TDM protects the membrane system and
retards the senescence of detached cucumber cotyledons.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Cadmium-induced initial changes in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant mechanism were investigated
in soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Don Mario 4800 RR) leaves. Whole plants (WP) and plants without roots (PWR) were exposed to 0.0, 10.0 and 40.0 μM
Cd for 0, 4, 6 and 24 h. Compared to PWR, a higher level of endogenous Cd in WP was associated with a lower oxidative stress
measured in terms of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, O2
•− content decreased in the leaves of Cd-treated WP, whereas it increased in those of Cd-treated PWR. Although O2
•− accumulation in PWR was associated with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, O2
•− diminution in WP leaves was not related to any increase in SOD activity. H2O2 content increased in the leaves of both Cd-treated WP and PWR, and it was concomitant with a corresponding decline in catalase
(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. When diphenyl iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, was added, H2O2 content remained unchanged in Cd-treated WP, suggesting that NADPH oxidase does not participate in the early hours of Cd
toxicity. Taken together, our results showed that early ROS evolution and oxidative damage were different in WP and PWR. This
suggests that the response in soybean leaves during the early hours of Cd toxicity is probably modulated by the root. 相似文献
11.
Rehmannia glutinosa seedlings were pretreated with choline chloride (CC) in concentrations of 0, 0.7, 2.1 and 3.5 mM, and then subjected to drought
and rewatering treatment to study the effects of CC on the generation of reactive oxygen species (O2−, H2O2), lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, water status and photosynthesis. The results showed that pretreatment with CC
alleviated the inhibition of SOD and APX activity caused by drought stress, and therefore, the rate of O2− production and H2O2 concentration were reduced and lipid peroxidation decreased in pretreated plants. CC pretreatment also accelerated accumulation
of proline, maintained higher Ψw and RWC, deferred leaf water loss during drought stress and retarded the drop in proline
concentration after rewatering. Consequently, drought-induced decreases in Fm/F0, Fv/Fm, ΦPS2, qP, and A and increase in qNP were inhibited and the recovery of photosynthesis after rewatering was quicker in pretreated plants. Although differences
in Fv/Fm, ΦPS2 and qP between treatments were not significant, there was a general trend that the effects of CC increased with the rise of its
concentrations. The data suggested that 2.1 mM of CC be suitable for alleviating lipid peroxidation, promoting proline accumulation,
retarding leaf water loss and improving photosynthesis of R. glutinosa seedlings under drought stress. 相似文献
12.
Cell suspension cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Tamasha) were treated with fusaric acid (FA), a nonspecific fungal toxin produced by Fusarium species to study the effects of FA on H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and ascorbate
peroxidase (APX). The toxicity of various FA doses was evaluated from viability of cultured cells of S. tuberosum. The toxic concentration of FA (10−3 M) reduced cell viability by 32% after 48-h incubation and induced alkalinization of the medium; the nontoxic concentration
of FA (10−6 M) had no effect on cell viability and pH of the culturing medium. The treatment of cells with FA caused rapid reversible
accumulation of H2O2 in cells, promoted lipid peroxidation, and elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The toxic FA concentration elevated
the intracellular H2O2 content by 51–59% and stimulated lipid peroxidation rate by 35–40%. The nontoxic FA concentration raised the H2O2 content by 84–91% and enhanced lipid peroxidation rate by 18–24%. The addition of FA induced transient biphasic induction
of the antioxidant enzymes; the action of toxic and nontoxic concentrations differed in terms of the response amplitudes and
dynamics. The results confirm the well-known toxic impact of high doses of FA on the cultured cells, which is determined by
membrane transport disorders. In addition, the results reveal that toxic and nontoxic concentrations of FA are able to induce
pro- and antioxidant systems in the cultured cells of S. tuberosum. 相似文献
13.
B. R. Lee L. S. Li W. J. Jung Y. L. Jin J. C. Avice A. Ourry T. H. Kim 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(3):505-510
The objective of this study was to determine the development of the antioxidant enzymes induced by drought stress in white
clover (Trifolium repens L.) leaves. Water stress was imposed during 28 d by decreasing the daily irrigation. Leaf water potential (Φw) gradually decreased from −0.46 to −2.33 MPa. For the first 7 d, dry mass (DM), H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were not significantly affected by water deficit. From 14 d of treatment, water stress decreased dry
mass and increased content of reactive oxygen species (O2
·− and H2O2) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde content). The ascorbate peroxidase (APOD) was activated most rapidly, already during
the first week of water stress, but then its activity slowly decreased. Activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
(CAT) by water deficit continued during the 14 d (Φw ≥ −1.65 MPa) and then their activities remain on the similar level. The activity of guaiacol-peroxidase (GPOD) increased
mostly under progressive water stress and was correlated with increase in lipid peroxidation and growth restriction. 相似文献
14.
D. I. Bashmakov N. A. Pynenkova K. A. Sazanova A. S. Lukatkin 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2012,59(1):59-64
We studied the influence of a synthetic cytokinin-like growth regulator (Cytodef) and heavy metal ions—Pb2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+—on generation of superoxide anion (O2⊙−), lipid peroxidation, and carotenoids content in leaves of 7-day-old cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Izyashchnyi). In some instances Cytodef reduced the toxicity of heavy metals: it mitigated the negative effect of
metals on oxidative processes and elevated the concentration of antioxidants (carotenoids). 相似文献
15.
The effect of short-term exposure to elevated CO2 concentration and high irradiance on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidases
(GPX) and catalase (CAT), and on the extent of the lipid peroxidation was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Plants were exposed for 4 d (8 h a day) to irradiance of 100 (LI) or 1000 (HI) μmol m−2 s−1 at ambient (CA, 350 μmol mol−1) or elevated (CE, 1300 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentration. Four-day exposure to CE increased the leaf dry mass in HI plants and RuBPC activity and chlorophyll content
in LI plants. Total soluble protein content, leaf dry matter and RuBPC activity were higher in HI than in LI plants, although
the HI and CE increased the contents of malonyldialdehyde and H2O2. Under CA, exposure to HI increased the activity of APX and decreased the total SOD activity. Under CE, HI treatment also
activated APX and led to reduction of both, SOD and GPX, enzymes activities. CE considerably reduced the CAT activity at both
irradiances, possibly due to suppressed rate of photorespiration under CE conditions. 相似文献
16.
Djordje Malenčić Slavko Kevrešan Milan Popović Dubravka Štajner Boris Popović Biljana Kiprovski Simonida Djurić 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(1):132-137
The oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in soybean leaves and roots infected with plant pathogen Aspergillus niger were studied following treatment with different concentrations of cholic acid. Several oxidative stress parameters were analyzed:
production of superoxide (O2
·−) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), lipid peroxidation (LP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity, as well as the content of reduced glutathione
(GSH). Results showed that inoculation with A. niger led to the increase of O2
·− production and GSH quantities in leaves and ·OH in roots. The highest activity of SOD occured in infected plants treated with cholic acid in concentrations of 40 and 60
mg L−1 which ultimately led to a decrease in O2
·− production. Inoculation with Aspergillus in combination with elevated cholic acid concentrations also increased ·OH production which is correlated with increased LP. These results may support the idea of using cholic acid as an elicitor
to trigger hypersensitive response in plant cells. Use of cholic acid may also actively contribute to soybean plants defense
response against pathogen attack. 相似文献
17.
Md. Abdullahil Baque Abdullah Elgirban Eun-Jung Lee Kee-Yoeup Paek 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(2):405-415
The effect of initial sucrose concentration was investigated in root suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia to improve root growth and secondary metabolites production, i.e. anthraquinone, phenolics and flavonoids. Besides, oxidative
stress level, antioxidant enzymes activity and membranes damage under different sucrose concentration were estimated. A 5%
sucrose supply was shown to be optimal for the production of root dry mass, but higher sucrose concentrations of 7–9% inhibited
the accumulation of root dry weight (DW). However, the maximum production of anthraquinone (251.89 g L−1 DW), phenolics (165.14 g L−1 DW) and flavonoids (163.56 g L−1 DW) were achieved at 1% sucrose-treated culture, which may be a source carbon skeletons for secondary metabolism. At the
same time was observed low oxidative damage, which could be associated with high levels of secondary metabolites and the increased
activity of catalase. Although, catalase (CAT) activity were stimulated at 7–9% sucrose-treated cultures, high accumulation
of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxidation of lipid (MDA) was induced. The observed high activity of CAT and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) were not
sufficient enough to mitigate the toxic effect of H2O2. 相似文献
18.
Drought Induces Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Growing Rice Seedlings 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
When rice seedlings grown for 10 and 20 days were subjected to in vitro drought stress of −0.5 and −2.0 MPa for 24 h, an increase in the concentration of superoxide anion (O2.−), increased level of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the concentration of total soluble protein and thiols was observed
in stressed seedlings compared to controls. The concentration of H2O2 as well as ascorbic acid declined with imposition of drought stress, however glutathione (GSH) concentration declined only
under severe drought stress. The activities of total superoxide dismutases (SODs) as well as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed
consistent increases with increasing levels of drought stress, however catalase activity declined. Mild drought stressed plants
had higher guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (c-APX) activity than control grown plants but
the activity declined at the higher level of drought stress. The activities of enzymes involved in regeneration of ascorbate
i.e. monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were higher
in drought stressed plants compared to controls. Results suggest that drought stress induces oxidative stress in rice plants
and that besides SOD, the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which have not been studied in detail earlier under stressful
conditions, appear to function as important component of antioxidative defense system under drought stress. 相似文献
19.
Leonard G. Forgan Malcolm E. Forster 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2009,179(3):359-368
An isolated, perfused salmon tail preparation showed oxyconformance at low oxygen delivery rates. Addition of pig red blood
cells to the perfusing solution at a haematocrit of 5 or 10% allowed the tail tissues to oxyregulate. Below ca. 60 ml O2 kg−1 h−1 of oxygen delivery (DO2), VO2 was delivery dependent. Above this value additional oxygen delivery did not increase VO2 of resting muscle above ca. 35 ml O2 kg−1 h−1. Following electrical stimulation, VO2 increased to ca. 65 ml O2 kg−1 h−1, with a critical DO2 of ca. 150 ml O2 kg−1 h−1. Dorsal aortic pressure fell to 69% of the pre-stimulation value after 5 min of stimulation and to 54% after 10 min. Microspheres
were used to determine blood flow distribution (BFD) to red (RM) and white muscle (WM) within the perfused myotome. Mass specific
BFD ratio at rest was found to be 4.03 ± 0.49 (RM:WM). After 5 min of electrical stimulation the ratio did not change. Perfusion
with saline containing the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) revealed significantly more mitochondrial activity in RM. Formazan production from MTT was directly
proportional to time of perfusion in both red and WM. The mitochondrial activity ratio (RM:WM) did not change over 90 min
of perfusion. 相似文献
20.
A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was developed by electrodepositing Prussian blue (PB) on a gold electrode modified with (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane
(MPS) polymer. The characterization of the self-assembled electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy. The results of electrochemical experiments showed that such constructed sensor had a favorable catalytic
ability to reduce H2O2. The MPS film on the modified gold electrode greatly enhanced the pH-adaptive range of PB. Large surface-to-volume ratio
property of double-layer 2d-network MPS-modified PB electrode enabled stable and highly sensitive performance of the non-enzymatic
H2O2 sensor. The linear range of H2O2 determined is from 2.0 × 10−6 to 2.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 and a detection limit for H2O2 of 1.8 × 10−6 mol L−1. The influences of the potentially interfering substances on the determination of H2O2 were investigated. This modified electrode exhibits a good selectivity and high sensitivity with satisfactory results. 相似文献