共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Induction of accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages by inhalation of human natural interleukin-2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gernot Zissel Walter E. Aulitzky J. Lorenz Christoph Huber J. Müller-Quernheim 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(2):122-126
Accessory function allows antigen-presenting cells to produce sufficient secondary signals for optimum T cell proliferation
and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. Alveolar macrophages are inferior accessory cells compared to monocytes (PBM). We report
here that the accessory index (AI) of alveolar macrophages and PBM of patients with lung metastases of solid tumors treated
with inhalations of human natural IL-2 (hnIL-2) increased following its administration (P<0.005). The accessory index was significantly elevated from baseline values after 2 weeks of inhalation of 300 000 IU hnIL-2/day
(8.2±10.2 compared to 1.1±1; P<0.001). The inhalation of 150 000 IU also induced increases in the index (AI = 2.3±1.9), however, without reaching statistical
significance. In addition at 300 000 IU IL-2/day a significant increase in the accessory index was observed for PBM (4±2.5;
P<0.05). The indices of PBM and alveolar macrophages prior to inhalation showed a significant negative correlation with the
age of the patients (r
s = – 0.5; r
s = – 0.8, respectively; P<0.03 for all comparisons). Our data demonstrate that the inhalational application of hnIL-2 enhances the accessory function
of alveolar macrophages and, to lesser extent, the accessory index of PBM, indicating the occurrence of pharmacological immunostimulation.
Received: 16 August 1995 / Accepted: 4 January 1996 相似文献
2.
We tested whether treatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (N
G-methyl-L-arginine, MeArg) can ameliorate interleukin-2(IL-2)-therapy-induced capillary leak syndrome in healthy or tumor-bearing mice
without compromising the antitumor effects of IL-2 therapy. Healthy or C3-L5-mammary-adenocarcinoma-bearing C3H/HeJ mice were
treated with one or two rounds of various doses of IL-2 (ten injections, i. p., every 8 h) or MeArg (ten injections s. c.,
every 8 h) or their combination. In an additional experiment, MeArg was given chronically in the drinking water, rather than
s. c. to healthy mice subjected to one round of therapy as above. Mice were killed 1 h after their last IL-2 injection to
measure the water content of the lungs and pleural cavities (markers of capillary leakage), NO production (given by NO2
– and NO3
– levels in the serum and pleural effusion), as well as the effect of therapies on the primary tumor size and number of spontaneous
lung metastatic nodules. Results revealed that all doses of IL-2 (7500 – 35 000 Cetus U/injection), as well as both rounds
of IL-2 therapy, caused capillary leakage. However, no pleural effusion was seen after the second round in any of the IL-2-treated
groups. MeArg therapy, given subcutaneously (5 – 20 mg kg–1 injection–1 in healthy and 20 mg kg–1 injection–1 in tumor-bearing mice), did not ameliorate IL-2-induced capillary leakage in either group of mice, and did not compromise
antitumor effects of IL-2. However, subcutaneous MeArg therapy alone reduced the growth of the primary tumors, the occurrence
of spontaneous lung metastases and the amount of tumor-induced pulmonary edema. When MeArg therapy was given orally (1 mg/ml
drinking water), a substantial drop in NO production, as well as reduction in capillary leakage was noted in IL-2-treated
healthy mice. These findings suggest that NO inhibitors could be a valuable adjunct to IL-2 therapy of cancer and infectious
diseases.
Received: 23 October 1995 / Accepted: 22 November 1995 相似文献
3.
Summary Immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells can mediate tumor regression in mice and in man. Further dose escalation of IL-2 along with lymphokine-activated killer cells has been prevented by the development of a vascular leak syndrome produced by IL-2. Because we have found that interferon (IFN-) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) has synergistic antitumor effects when administered together with IL-2, we have tested the vascular leakage induced by these lymphokine combinations. We used a murine model to quantify vascular leakage by measuring the extravasation of 125I-albumin from the intravascular space as well as the wet and dry lung weights after treatment with different cytokines. Cytokines (or Hanks balanced salt solution) were administered to C57BL/6 mice and 4 h after the last injection the vascular leak was quantified. IFN- alone did not cause extravasation of radiolabel or increase in wet lung weights, though when given in combination with IL-2, significantly greater extravasation (P<0.01) as well as increase in lung water weights (P<0.05) was observed compared to the response in mice treated with IL-2 alone. IFN- in combination with IL-2 induced significant vascular leakage earlier than the response induced by IL-2 alone. For example treatment with IFN- and IL-2 induced accumulation of 14674±605 cpm in the lungs at day 1 while IL-2 alone induced 12340±251 cpm. The degree of vascular leakage was highly related to the dose of IFN- administered along with IL-2 and increased vascular leak syndrome was evident even at low doses (5000 units) of IFN-. Immunosuppression of mice by pretreatment irradiation (500 rad) markedly decreased the development of vascular leak syndrome induced by IL-2 and IFN-. Interestingly IFN- and TNF- did not induce vascular leakage in the lungs when given alone, and did not add or synergize with IL-2 in causing the syndrome. Thus the administration of IFN- in combination with IL-2 produces a dose-limiting vascular leakage that is more severe than that caused by IL-2 alone, and may be mediated, directly or indirectly by host radiosensitive cells.
Abbreviations used: LAK, lymphokine-activated killer; IFN, interferon; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-2, interleukin-2 相似文献
4.
We have investigated the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by KHT sarcoma cells upon their vaccine potential in syngeneic
C3Hf/He mice. Parental KHT tumor cells were transfected with the plasmid pBCMG-neo-mIL-2 to obtain a transfectant KHT-2-3-7
that secreted 20 units IL-2. KHT-2-3-7 cells elicited protective immunity in only 10% of the immunized mice, compared with
40% of mice immunized with irradiated parental KHT tumor colls. To minimize the contribution of potential antigenic differences
between the KHT-2-3-7 transfectant and parental KHT cells, a clone of KHT cells (KHT-C21) was isolated and used in subsequent
experiments. A number of transfectants secreting various amounts of IL-2, ranging from 2 units to 200 units, were obtained
following transfection of KHT-C21 cells with plasmid pBCMG-neo-mIL-2. Two of the transfectants, C21-13-4 and C21-1, each secreting
200 units IL-2, elicited protective immunity in a significantly lower fraction of mice than did irradiated KHT-C21 parental
tumor cells (P<0.0l). Two other transfectants C21-10 and C21-11, secreting 2 and 23 units IL-2 respectively, also showed lower vaccine potential
compared with the parental KHT-C21 clone (P<0.05). To minimize further any role for potential antigenic or other molecular differences between the individual transfectants
and the clonal KHT-C21 parental cells in lowering their vaccine efficacy, mice were immunized with a mixture of five transfectants,
and the results again showed significantly lower vaccine efficacy of the mixture compared with the irradiated parental C21
cells (P<0.0l). In view of published studies showing enhanced or unchanged efficacy of IL-2-secreting tumor cell vaccines, our observation
of the lower vaccine potential of IL-2-transduced tumor cells indicates that the vaccine efficacy of IL-2-secreting tumor
cells depends on the individual tumor. Such variability/unpredictability would hamper the clinical use of IL-2-secreting tumor
cells as vaccines.
Received: 23 April 1996 / Accepted: 7 February 1997 相似文献
5.
Lentinan, β-1,6;1,3-glucan, showing an antitumor effect against mouse solid type tumors, can induce marked vascular dilation
and hemorrhage (VDH) in very localized areas such as the ears, feet, and tails of mice in the early stages after its administration
(Maeda et al. 1984). VDH has been found to be one of the T-cell-mediated responses triggered by lentinan. We reported previously
that the responsiveness of mice to lentinan with respect to VDH induction is controlled by a dominant gene(s), Ltn2 (formerly), and that no sex difference was observed (Maeda et al. 1991). To determine the chromosomal location of the Ltn2 gene(s), we typed genomic DNAs of 193 N2 segregants of crosses between a high responder MA/MyJ and a low responder AKR/J by the polymerase chain reaction-simple sequence
length polymorphism technique using 83 chromosome-specific microsatellite markers. We identified one major gene (Ltnr3) and three minor genes (Ltnr4, Ltnr5, and Ltnr6) responsible for the VDH induction. Ltnr3 was closely linked to D6Mit135 on chromosome 6 (P <0.00000) and Ltnr4, Ltnr5, and Ltnr6 to D9Mit161 on chromosome 9 (P <0.00032), D15Mit147 on chromosome 15 (P <0.00014) and D16Mit4 on chromosome 16 (P <0.00014), respectively.
Received: 26 May 1997 / Revised: 3 September 1997 相似文献
6.
Water loss through inflorescences may place extreme demands on plant water status in arid environments. Here we examine how
corolla size, a trait known to influence pollination success, affects the water cost of flowering in the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum. In a potometry experiment, water uptake rates of inflorescences were monitored during bud expansion and anthesis. Corolla
volume of fully expanded flowers predicted water uptake during bud expansion (R
2=0.61, P=0.0375) and corolla surface area predicted water uptake during anthesis (R
2=0.59, P=0.044). To probe mechanisms underlying the relationship between corolla size and water uptake, cell dimensions and densities
were measured in several regions of fully expanded corollas. Corolla length was positively correlated with cell length in
the middle of the corolla tube and cell diameter in the corolla lobe (Pearson's r from 0.26–0.33, n=86, P ≤ 0.05). Cell density was negatively correlated with cell dimensions in the upper corolla tube and lobe (Pearson's r from –0.39 to –0.42, P ≤ 0.0015). These findings suggest that more water may be required to maintain turgor in large corollas in part because their
tissues have lower cell wall densities. The carbon cost of water use by flowers was assessed in krummholz and tundra habitats
for P. viscosum flowering, respectively, during dry and wet portions of the growing season. For plants in full flower, average leaf water
potentials were significantly more negative (P=0.0079) at mid-day in the krummholz (June) than in the tundra (July), but were similar before dawn (P=0.631). Photosynthetic rate at the time of flowering declined significantly with increasing corolla size in the krummholz
(P=0.0376), but was unrelated to corolla size on the tundra (P>0.72). Plants losing water through large corollas may close leaf stomata to maintain turgor. If photosynthesis limits growth
in this perennial species, then the water cost of producing large flowers should exacerbate the cost of reproduction under
dry conditions. Such factors could select for flowers with smaller corollas in the krummholz, countering pollinator-mediated
selection and helping maintain genetic variation in corolla size components of P. viscosum.
Received: 5 May 1998 / Accepted: 2 October 1998 相似文献
7.
K. Vihko Marjo Seppänen Tiina Henttinen Juha Punnonen Seija Grénman Reijo Punnonen 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1997,43(6):368-374
The biology and pathogenesis of vulvar carcinoma are poorly understood at present. In order to understand this disease better,
we have used recently developed squamous cell carcinoma lines of the vulva as models. Two cell lines originating from two
individuals (UM-SCV-1A and UM-SCV-6) were cultured in vitro in 10% fetal calf serum. The effects of interleukins 10 and 13,
interferons α and γ, granulocyte/macrophage-growth-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and transforming
growth factor β (TGFβ) on the proliferation of the cells was investigated by using radioactively labelled uridine as tracer.
In addition, an investigation on the molecular structure of extracted cellular DNA was carried out to investigate whether
programmed cell death (apoptosis) would be inducible by any of the factors. In UM-SCV-1A cells, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and
interleukin-13 (IL-13) caused an approximately 12-fold decrease in DNA synthesis in cells cultured for 72 h (P<0.001), while GM-CSF had no significant effect. TGFβ showed a significant inhibitory effect on deoxyuridine incorporation
(P<0.001), which was 2.0- and 4.2-fold at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. TFGα showed a 1.2-fold inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis
at 48 h (P<0.01) and a 1.5-fold inhibition at 72 h (P<0.05). Interferon γ (IFNγ) showed an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis (1.3-fold; P<0.01). In UM-SCV-6 cells, both IL-10 and IL-13 showed inhibitory effects on deoxyuridine incorporation (1.3- and 1.4-fold
at 48 h, respectively; P<0.001) that were even more pronounced at 72 h (2.4- and 2.5-fold respectively; P<0.001). IFNγ caused a 3.6-fold inhibition of DNA synthesis by UM-SCV-6 cells at 72 h (P<0.001). Both TFGβ and TNFα inhibited uridine incorporation (3.0- and 1.6-fold at 48 h, respectively; 2.7-fold at 72 h for
both factors). GM-CSF inihibited DNA synthesis by UM-SCV-6 cells 1.3- 2.0-fold at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. In dose/response
analyses, the effect of INFα on DNA synthesis was inhibitory in both cell lines at 48 h, while stimulatory effects were observed
at 72 h. Electrophoretic analyses of DNA isolated from cells cultured in the presence or absence of different factors did
not reveal DNA fragmentation. All cytokines, with the exception of IFNα, showed inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis by vulvar
carcinoma cells. Of the factors studied, the recently described interleukins 10 and 13 showed potent inhibition of cell growth,
encouraging further investigation on the molecular mechanisms of the observed inhibition. Apoptosis does not seem to be induced
in the two vulvar carcinoma cell lines by any of the cytokines studied.
Received: 26 March 1996 / Accepted: 5 December 1996 相似文献
8.
D. J. Marshall 《Polar Biology》1996,16(4):287-292
Water availability, in addition to cold, is important in limiting biotic distribution in the Antarctic regions. In general,
inland continental Antarctic habitats are dry, relative to maritime and sub-Antarctic habitats. This investigation compares
the water relations of an endemic continental Antarctic oribatid mite, Maudheimia petronia Wallwork, and two sub-Antarctic oribatid mites, Halozetes fulvus Engelbrecht and Podacarus auberti Grandjean. M. petronia showed enhanced survival of dehydrating conditions, which may be attributable to both its greater resistance to and tolerance
of water loss. The estimated lethal exposure times (LT50) for M. petronia, P. auberti and H. fulvus held at 15°C and 0–5% RH were 250, 135 and 51 h, respectively. M. petronia lost water significantly more slowly than the sub-Antarctic mites (P<0.05), which did not differ in their rates of water loss (P>0.05). The mean losses of initial body water content after 45 h were 18.9, 27.3 and 29.3% for M. petronia, P. auberti and H. fulvus, respectively, and lethal water losses causing 50% of the sample to die were 65, 52, and 28%, respectively. These data suggest
physiological adaptation by M. petronia for existence in periodically dry “chalikosystem” habitats at Antarctic nunataks. Comparisons of tolerance of submersion
in freshwater showed P. auberti to be superior to M. petronia; the LT50 values for submersion were >146 h and 32 h, respectively. Tolerance of submersion by P. auberti may be important for its existence in wet sub-Antarctic habitats. Conversely, the poor tolerance shown by M. petronia suggests that this mite has not been associated with moist environments.
Received: 13 April 1995/Accepted: 4 August 1995 相似文献
9.
Y. Asano K. Kaneda J. Hiragushi T. Tsuchida K. Higashino 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1997,45(2):63-70
A high-dose bolus regimen for interleukin(IL)-2 administration to cancer patients frequently causes serious side-effects
in which various organs are involved. In order to reveal the mechanism of toxicities associated with this regimen, we compared
the augmenting effect of high-dose IL-2 on murine organ-associated lymphocytes between neoplastic and non-neoplastic states.
Intraperitoneal administration of IL-2 at a dose of 105 JRU (Japanese Reference Units) twice daily for 3 days led to the death of all the syngeneic MH134-hepatoma- or X5563-myeloma-bearing
mice, whereas it had no lethal effect on non-tumor-bearing mice. Histological and morphometric analyses demonstrated that
tumor-bearing mice displayed more extensive infiltration of large granular lymphocytes and agranular lymphocytes in the liver
and lungs than did the non-tumor-bearing mice. Large granular lymphocytes had the ultrastructural characteristics of lymphokine-activated
killer cells. Lymphocytes often underwent extravasation into the interstitial space and exhibited local proliferation without
causing any direct injury to apposed parenchymal cells. Flow-cytometric analysis of hepatic mononuclear cells demonstrated
that IL-2-receptor-β(IL-2Rβ)-bearing lymphocytes, i.e., natural killer cells and intermediate CD3 cells, were increased in
number in the neoplastic state before the IL-2 injection. The present study indicates that the tumor-bearing state increases
the number of organ-associated IL-2Rβ+ lymphocytes, which are then greatly amplified by the challenge of high-dose IL-2, leading to the functional disturbance of
organs. We have further demonstrated here that an intermittent low-dose IL-2 regimen has a potential therapeutic effect on
tumor regression without causing lethal side-effects.
Received: 15 July 1996 / Accepted: 23 July 1997 相似文献
10.
Choi IY Moon PD Koo HN Myung NY Kim SJ Lee JH Han SH Moon G Seo SY Sung HJ Park RK Jeong HJ Um JY Kim HM Hong SH 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2007,43(7):215-221
To explore effects of Forsythia koreana methanol extract (FKME) on mast cell-mediated allergic and inflammatory properties, the effect of FKME was evaluated on compound
48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis, ear swelling, and anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced passive cutaneous
anaphylaxis (PCA). In addition, the effect of FKME was investigated on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells
(RPMCs) stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. The human mast cell line HMC-1 was stimulated by phorbol
12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187. Activated HMC-1 can produce several proinflammatory and chemotactic
cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatant
were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytotoxicity by FKME was determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyl-tetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay. FKME inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and ear swelling in mice. When 1 g/kg
FKME was pretreated or posttreated with mice, compound 48/80-induced mice morality was 50 and 66.7%, respectively. One gram
per kilogram of FKME pretreatment inhibited ear-swelling responses derived from compound 48/80 by 29.75%. A PCA reaction was
inhibited by 17.9%. In an in vitro model, FKME (1 mg/ml) inhibited histamine release from the RPMCs by 13.8% and TNF-α, IL-6,
and IL-8 production from HMC-1 cells by 71.16% (P < 0.001), 86.72% (P < 0.001), and 44.6%, respectively. However, FKME had no cytotoxic effects on cell viability. In conclusion, FKME inhibited
not only systemic anaphylaxis and ear swelling induced by compound 48/80 but also inhibited a PCA reaction induced by anti-DNP
IgE in vivo. Treatment with FKME showed significant inhibitory effects on histamine, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 release from mast
cells. 相似文献
11.
Cellular immune responses to autologous chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells in vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Graham Pawelec Arnika Rehbein Elke Schlotz Paul da Silva 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(3):193-199
Using a modification of the autologous mixed lymphocyte/tumour cell culture (MLTC), it is demonstrated here that lymphocytes
from chronic-phase myelogenous leukaemia (CML) patients (n = 58), but not from their HLA-identical siblings, proliferated upon coculture with autologous tumour cells. However, in most
cases, the level of proliferation measured was low (stimulation index <3, n = 37). This was most likely related to the amount of interleukin-10 (IL-10) released into the culture medium by the CML cells,
because addition of neutralizing anti-IL-10 serum to MLTC markedly enhanced proliferative responses. In addition, supplementation
of media with IL-1α further enhanced proliferative responses and a combination of anti-IL-10 serum and IL-1α was more effective
than either agent alone. Only HLA-DR-matched CML cells, but not HLA-DR-mismatched CML cells or matched or mismatched PBMC
restimulated proliferation of IL-2-dependent T cell lines derived from MLTC supplemented with IL-1α and anti-IL-10 serum.
The responding cells under these conditions were predominantly CD4+ and secreted IL-2, and interferon γ; some secreted IL-4, but none secreted IL-10. These data therefore suggest the existence
of an HLA-DR-restricted DTH/Th1-type of tumour-specific immunity in CML patients, which may be down-regulated in vitro by
excessive secretion of IL-10 together with depressed secretion of IL-1.
Received: 9 November 1995 / Accepted: 8 February 1996 相似文献
12.
The mycorrhizal status of Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) was assessed under growth room and field conditions. Growth room studies indicated that L. salicaria is facultatively mycorrhizal and capable of forming vesicular-arbuscular associations with six Glomus species, but not with Gigaspora margarita. Overall, hyphal and arbuscular colonization levels were significantly higher in the wet treatments than in the dry treatments
(P<0.0001). However, taken individually, significant increases in arbuscular colonization (P<0.05) were found only in L. salicaria colonized with Glomus clarum, G. aggregatum, and G. versiforme and exposed to the wet treatments compared with the dry treatments, while significant increases in hyphal colonization were
found in L. salicaria colonized with G. clarum, and G. versiforme exposed to the wet treatments. There was no overall effect of water availability on levels of vesicular colonization or differences
in vesicular colonization levels within species under dry or wet conditions. In contrast, field studies along an existing
water gradient revealed that hyphal and arbuscular colonization levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the dry and intermediate regions of the gradient than in the wet regions. Vesicular colonization was not significantly
affected by the gradient. Total stem height was significantly affected by water availability, plot location and an interaction
of the two (P<0.05), and was generally higher in the intermediate and wet plots.
Accepted: 20 September 1995 相似文献
13.
14.
Salidroside, a bioactive constituent isolated from Rhodiola rosea, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of salidroside on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside on IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes and explore its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that salidroside significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E-2, as well as suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes ( P < .05). In addition, salidroside also suppressed IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinases production in human OA chondrocytes ( P < .05). Furthermore, pretreatment with salidroside prevented IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation in OA chondrocytes ( P < .05). In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that salidroside inhibited the IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in OA chondrocytes via inhibition of NF-κB activation. 相似文献
15.
Øystein Bruserud Laila Mentzoni Brynjar Foss Jann Bergheim Sigbjørn Berentsen Ingerid Nesthus 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1997,43(5):275-282
Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC responders) were cultured together with non-irradiated allogeneic PBMC (more
than 95% leukaemia blasts) derived from patients with acute leukaemia (referred to as leukaemic PBMC stimulators). Cytokine
secretion was determined as cytokine concentrations in supernatants. Both normal PBMC and enriched CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responded to allostimulation with interferon (IFNγ) secretion. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist and IL-2-neutralizing
antibodies decreased IFNγ secretion. Exogenous IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-7 increased allostimulated IFNγ secretion, whereas decreased
levels were seen in the presence of IL-6, IL-10 and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). During allorecognition
IFNγ -neutralizing antibodies decreased acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) blast secretion of G-CSF. We conclude that (i) both
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show allostimulated cytokine secretion in response to allogeneic stimulator cells containing a dominating population
of native, cytokine-secreting leukaemia blasts, and (ii) IFNγ released during this response can modulate the function of allogeneic
AML blasts.
Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 15 October 1996 相似文献
16.
F. J. M. Verhagen H. J. Swarts T. W. Kuyper J. B. P. A. Wijnberg J. A. Field 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1996,45(5):710-718
Recently, several species of basidiomycetes were shown to produce de novo high concentrations of chloroaromatic metabolites. Since these lignocellulose-degrading fungi play a major role in the ecosphere,
the purpose of this study was to determine the ubiquity of organohalogen production among basidiomycetes. A total of 191 fungal
strains were monitored for adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) production when grown on defined liquid media. Approximately 50%
of the strains tested and 55% of the genera tested produced AOX. A low production of 0.1–0.5 mg AOX/l was observed among 25%
of the strains, a moderate production of 0.5–5.0 mg AOX/l was observed among 16% of the strains and 9% of the strains produced
high levels (5–67 mg AOX/l). The latter group was dominated by species belonging to the genera Hypholoma, Mycena and Bjerkandera, showing specific AOX productions in the range 1074–30893 mg AOX/kg dry weight of mycelial biomass. Many highly ecologically
significant fungal species were identified among the moderate to high producers. These species were also able to produce AOX
when cultivated on natural lignocellulosic substrates. Hypholoma fasciculare and Mycena metata respectively produced up to 132 mg and 193 mg AOX/kg dry weight of forest litter substrate in 6 weeks.
Received: 5 October 1995/Received revision: 28 December 1995/Accepted: 12 February 1996 相似文献
17.
18.
Behaviour of interleukin-2 serum levels in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients: relationship with response to therapy and survival 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Orditura M Romano C De Vita F Galizia G Lieto E Infusino S De Cataldis G Catalano G 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2000,49(10):530-536
Interleukin(IL)-2 is a T helper (Th) 1 type cytokine that has been shown to play an important role in antitumour immune responses.
In this study, the prognostic significance of serum IL-2 levels was investigated in 60 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) patients. IL-2 serum levels were determined before chemotherapy, at the end of chemotherapy and during follow-up,
using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay kit. The results were analysed according to the response
to therapy and were used to generate a model predicting overall survival and time to treatment failure. All 60 patients were
shown to have higher IL-2 serum levels than controls (P < 0.0001). Stage IV patients had significantly lower IL-2 levels than stage III patients (P < 0.0001), although they were still significantly higher than controls (P < 0.0001). It is interesting that, when patients were divided into responders and non-responders according to the response
to therapy, the former were shown to have significantly higher pre-chemotherapy levels than the latter (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a further significant increase in IL-2 serum levels (P=0.004) and a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) were shown in responders and non-responders, respectively at the end of the therapy. Using univariate and multivariate
analyses, both overall survival and time to treatment failure were shown to be affected by the mean pathological levels of
IL-2. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the serum level of IL-2 was confirmed by the stepwise regression analysis.
In conclusion, determination of pre-treatment IL-2 serum levels was shown to be of independent prognostic utility in patients
with advanced NSCLC; therefore, its possible use for prediction of outcome is proposed.
Received: 16 March 2000 / Accepted: 27 July 2000 相似文献
19.
20.
T cell clones (CD4+CD8–TCRαβ+γδ–) derived from bone marrow transplant recipients were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) +interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the
presence of irradiated (50 Gy) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from acute leukaemia patients(leukaemic PBMC
containing more than 95% blast cells). Leukaemic PBMC could function as accessory cells during mitogenic T cell activation
resulting in both T cell proliferation and a broad T cell cytokine response [IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating
factor (GM-CSF) tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon γ (IFNγ) secretion]. Blockade of IL-1 effects by adding IL-1
receptor antagonist together with PHA+IL-2+leukaemia blasts increased T cell proliferation, whereas IL-6-neutralizing antibodies
did not alter T cell proliferation. A qualitatively similar T cell cytokine response and a similar cytokine profile (highest
levels detected for GM-CSF and IFNγ) were detected when normal polyclonal T cell lines were stimulated with PHA in the presence
of non-irradiated leukaemic PBMC. When leukaemic PBMC derived from 18 acute myelogenous leukaemia patients were cultured with
PHA and cells from a polyclonal T cell line, increased concentrations of the T cell cytokines IFNγ and IL-4 were detected
for all patients. We conclude that T cell activation resulting in proliferation and a broad cytokine response can take place
in the presence of excess acute myelogenous leukaemia blasts.
Received: 30 November 1995 / Accepted: 9 January 1996 相似文献