多重RT-PCR用于临床检测三种胃肠炎病毒的研究

轮状病毒、诺瓦克病毒和星状病毒是引起病毒性胃肠炎的主要病原因子。研究采用JV12/JV13、P1/P2和Mon340/Mon348三对引物,建立了同时检测这3种病毒的多重RT-PCR技术,并应用于128份临床粪便样本的检测,检出轮状病毒62份(48.44%),诺瓦克病毒8份(6.25%),星状病毒11份(8.59%)。在灵敏度试验中,轮状病毒的检测灵敏度为5pg/mL、诺瓦克病毒和星状病毒的检测灵敏度均为50pg/mL。该研究所建立3种常见胃肠炎病毒的多重RT-PCR方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可用于临床病原诊断和溯源。     

SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定肠道病毒71型（EV71）RNA拷贝数方法的建立

目的建立SYBR GreenⅠ荧光染料实时定量RT-PCR方法,测定实验动物等来源的EV71病毒RNA。方法运用EV71VP1保守区引物,优化real time RT-PCR条件,运用NASBA方法扩增EV71病毒RNA,计算拷贝数,经10倍系列稀释做出标准曲线,作为EV71病毒RNA定量检测的外标准品。结果应用Qiagen公司QuantiTect SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit,该标准品可精确定量到100copies/μL,PCR扩增效率达到99.5%。结论 SYBRGreenⅠ荧光染料实时定量PCR法测定EV71病毒RNA拷贝数的方法敏感性高、稳定性好,可用于EV71病毒RNA载量的定量测定。     

猪轮状病毒RT-LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

为了建立一种适用于猪轮状病毒(PoRV)的逆转录-环介导等温核酸扩增(RT-LAMP)的快速、灵敏检测方法。依据GenBank上登录的PoRV VP7基因保守序列,设计了6条特异性引物,通过对外引物与内引物浓度比、Bst DNA聚合酶浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度和反应条件等进行优化。结果显示,当外引物与内引物浓度比为200nmol/L∶2 400nmol/L(1∶12)、Bst DNA聚合酶浓度为0.64 U/μL、Mg2+浓度为2.5 mmol/L、dNTP浓度为1.0mmol/L,在恒温(60℃)条件下作用60min,扩增效果出现明显"梯状"条带,同时对建立的RT-LAMP检测方法进行特异性和敏感性验证,其只有PoRV获得特异性扩增条带,与其他猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪瘟病毒等无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性,最低检测分子拷贝数为1.0×102拷贝/μL,具有极高的敏感性。反应结束后肉眼可见阳性扩增产物出现白色沉淀,加入SYBR GreenⅠ观察颜色变化可以判定结果。该方法适用于野外、基层部门和海关快速检测PoRV的新方法,在临床上有良好的推广意义。     

猪PEDV与PDC_OV二重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

旨在建立能同时检测出猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)和猪丁型冠状病毒(Porcine delta corona virus,PDCOV)的二重RT-PCR检测方法。根据GenBank已收录发表的PEDV和PDCOV基因序列设计2对特异性引物,首先运用RT-PCR反应技术,通过PEDV和PDCOV病毒的目的基因的单项扩增,对反应条件进行优化。然后通过特异性试验、敏感性试验以及临床样品的检测验证确定二重RT-PCR方法的建立。结果显示,目的基因PEDV-M扩增的片段大小是750 bp,PDCOV-N扩增的片段大小是372 bp;能够同时检测出PEDV和PDCOV目的基因,却检测不到PRV、CSFV、PPV三种病毒;体系优化扩增PEDV-PDCOV混合核酸浓度下限为100 pg/μL;能够初步诊断出临床疑似病毒感染的病例。结果表明,成功的建立PEDVPDCOV二重RT-PCR检测方法,此方法敏感性高、特异性强,是一种能够快速有效的检测出猪PEDV-PDCOV单病毒感染或多病毒混合感染的临床诊断方法。     

一步聚合酶链反应法快速鉴定并区分巴通体种

鉴于巴通体分离培养的困难及血清学方法敏感性和特异性不高,前人已经建立了其他的检测方法,包括多步聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增法、PCR-RFLP、PCR-序列分析等,但其操作步骤均较繁琐、复杂.本文作者建立了一步PCR法用于与医学相关的巴通体6个种的鉴定.     

套式聚合酶链反应在HIV-1检测中的应用

根据HIV-1 gag.pol和env基因序列设计了套式聚合酶链反应(nesled polymerasechain reaction,nPCR)引物。将外周血单个核细胞裂解液先用外侧引物扩增,其产物再经内侧引物扩增,直接走凝胶电泳判定结果。nPCR的敏感性。较常规PCR高100～1000倍,可检测到0.5fg质粒DNA和50μ1HIV-1感染者外周血样中的HIV基因。用本法检测63名HIV-1感染者全为阳性,而61名健康人和可疑者均为阴性,后者经追踪检测抗体排除了HIV-1感染。实验证明,nPCR是一种敏感性极高、特异性很强、操作简便易行的HIV-1基因检测技术。它已经在早期诊断和外周血病毒含量检测中发挥了重要作用,而且有着更广阔的应用前景。     

轮状病毒NASBA检测研究

轮状病毒是世界范围内流行性胃肠炎暴发的重要病因。以患者粪便为样抽提轮状病毒RNA,在轮状病毒VP7高保守基因区段上设计引物,运用核酸序列依赖的扩增(NASBA)法进行检测,变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳和Northern杂交验证。NASBA预期的特异性产物为392bp,并在仅以目标核酸为模板或在浓度高达1μg/μL的非特异性核酸存在的混合模板中,均有清晰的目标带产生,表现出了很高的特异性。其灵敏度和RT-PCR相同甚至更高,可检测到50pg的核酸,并且当反应时间为3h时检测灵敏度最高。NASBA法扩增效率高、灵敏度高、快速易操作,尤其适用在基层单位推广应用。     

聚合酶链反应在研究DNA多态性中的应用

聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction PCR)是一种体外DNA扩增技术,自1985年Saiki等首次报道PCR方法以来,PCR技术迅速发展,并已广泛应用于生命科学各个方面。如基因克隆、遗传病的诊断、传染病的诊断、癌基因的检测等,由于PCR技术特异性强,扩增效率高、快速、录敏,且能克服限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)的局限性,因此,它被有效地应用于研究DNA多态性。     

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Rotavirus Molecular Signatures Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Human enteric virus infections range from gastroenteritis to life threatening diseases such as myocarditis and aseptic meningitis. Rotavirus is one of the most common enteric agents and mortality associated with infection can be very significant in developing countries. Most enteric viruses produce diseases that are not distinct from other pathogens, and current diagnostics is limited in breadth and sensitivity required to advance virus detection schemes for disease intervention strategies. A spectroscopic assay based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been developed for rapid and sensitive detection of rotavirus. The SERS method relies on the fabrication of silver nanorod array substrates that are extremely SERS-active allowing for direct structural characterization of viruses. SERS spectra for eight rotavirus strains were analyzed to qualitatively identify rotaviruses and to classify each according to G and P genotype and strain with >96% accuracy, and a quantitative model based on partial least squares regression analysis was evaluated. This novel SERS-based virus detection method shows that SERS can be used to identify spectral fingerprints of human rotaviruses, and suggests that this detection method can be used for pathogen detection central to human health care.     

Simultaneous detection of waterborne viruses by multiplex real-time PCR

Norovirus, Rotavirus group A, the Hepatitis A virus, and Coxsackievirus are all common causes of gastroenteritis. Conventional diagnoses of these causative agents are based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. To improve the diagnostic potential for viral gastroenteritis, internally controlled multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have been recently developed. In this study, individual real-time PCRs were developed and optimized for specific detections of Norovirus genogroup I, Norovirus genogroup II, Rotavirus group A, the Hepatitis A virus, and Coxsackievirus group B1. Subsequently, individual PCRs were combined with multiplex PCR reactions. In general, multiplex real-time PCR assays showed comparable sensitivities and specificities with individual assays. A retrospective clinical evaluation showed increased pathogen detection in 29% of samples using conventional PCR methods. Prospective clinical evaluations were detected in 123 of the 227 (54%) total samples used in the multiplex real-time PCR analysis. The Norovirus genogroup II was found most frequently (23%), followed by Rotavirus (20%), the Hepatitis A virus (4.5%), Coxsackievirus (3.5%), and Norovirus genogroup I (2.6%). Internally controlled multiplex real-time PCR assays for the simultaneous detection of Rotavirus, Coxsackievirus group B, the Hepatitis A virus, and Norovirus genogroups I and II showed significant improvement in the diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis.     

The detection of rotavirus RNA in nasopharyngeal smears by molecular hybridization]

Rotavirus RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal washings, obtained from patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis (76.3% of cases) and gastroenteritis of unknown etiology (34.7% of cases), by the method of molecular hybridization with the use of RNA of monkey virus SA11, labeled with 32P in the process of T4-ligase reaction. In 100% of cases this detection correlated with the presence of lesions of the upper respiratory ways and was probably indicative of the rotavirus nature of the catarrhal syndrome in rotavirus gastroenteritis.     

Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea

Acute viral gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children. Rotavirus is mainly important in childhood. The present study determined the detection rate, seasonality and G and P genotypes of rotaviruses in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea in 2009. A total of 1,423 stool specimens were screened by ELISA for the presence of rotavirus antigens and the rotavirus-positive stools genotyped by RT-PCR. The G genotype was determined for 90% of samples (242/269) and the P genotype for 93.3% (251/269). During the study, 25 G-P combinations were detected with G1P[8] in 38.3% (n= 103) and G4P[6] in 5.9% (n= 16) cases. These data provided information on rotavirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea and provided baseline data to motivate for the implementation of control measures for rotavirus disease.     

The use of commercial immunoenzyme and latex preparations for the demonstration of human rotavirus antigens

The results of using enzyme immunoassay and latex preparations for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis are presented. High effectiveness of the enzyme immunoassay system developed in the USSR with latex diagnostic agents, such as Rotalex (Orion Diagnostica, Finland), Slidex Rota Kit (BioMérieux, France), The Wellcome Rotavirus Latex Kit (Wellcome Foundation Ltd., Great Britain), 48-63% and 21-41% respectively, has been noted. The results of the comparison of the system developed in the USSR with Wellcozyme Rotavirus, an enzyme immunoassay system manufactured by Wellcome Foundation Ltd. (Great Britain), are practically comparable. The results of the block test and the confirmation test used for control indicate that the Soviet preparation is specific. Materials on the practical evaluation of the assay system at health institutions are presented. Good prospects for the use of this system in the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis, as well as in the realization of epidemiological surveillance on this infection, are substantiated.     

Establishment of a reverse genetics system for rotavirus

The rotavirus genome is composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Rotavirus is the leading etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Reverse genetics is the powerful and ideal methodology for the molecular study of virus replication, which enables the virus genome to be artificially manipulated. Very recently, we developed the first reverse genetics system for rotavirus, which enables one to generate an infectious rotavirus containing a novel gene segment derived from cDNA. In this review, we describe each steps of rotavirus replication to understand the background to the establishment of a reverse genetics system for rotavirus, and summarize the reverse genetics systems for segmented dsRNA viruses including rotavirus.