单增李斯特菌vip基因缺失菌株的构建与筛选

单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)是广泛存在于自然界及食物中的食源性致病菌,作为胞内寄生菌,它可以引起强烈的细胞免疫,是潜在的优良疫苗载体。vip是单增李斯特菌的毒力基因,与其侵袭能力密切相关。因此构建vip基因敲除株可为单增李斯特菌疫苗载体的研发打下重要基础。从单增李斯特菌EGDe基因组中扩增出vip基因上、下游序列,连接到穿梭载体p KSV7中得到敲除载体p KSV7-Δvip,将其以电穿孔的方式转入单增李斯特菌后,通过同源重组利用氯霉素和温度双重压力筛选得到vip基因的敲除突变株,并对敲除菌株的生长曲线进行分析发现vip敲除对细菌的生长没有显著影响,为进一步研究vip基因功能、单增李斯特的致病机制和疫苗载体的研发提供参考。     

单增李斯特菌LPXTG蛋白Lmo0880在感染致病中的作用

【目的】通过构建单核细胞增生李斯特菌(单增李斯特菌) LPXTG蛋白Lmo0880的基因缺失菌株和回补菌株,探究Lmo0880在细菌生长、细胞感染和宿主感染等方面发挥的作用。【方法】利用同源重组原理构建lmo0880的基因缺失株及回补株,比较野生株、缺失株和回补株在生长能力、细胞黏附与侵袭和胞内增殖能力等方面的差异,从而鉴定Lmo0880在单增李斯特菌感染宿主中的作用。【结果】缺失lmo0880基因后,单增李斯特菌在生长能力上无明显变化;对细胞的黏附能力无显著差异,但对细胞侵袭能力、胞内增殖能力、小鼠致病力和小鼠组织定殖能力显著降低。【结论】本研究阐明了单增李斯特菌LPXTG蛋白Lmo0880在细胞侵袭、胞内增殖和组织定殖等方面发挥的重要作用。     

单核细胞增多性李斯特菌谷胱甘肽合成酶调控鞭毛形成研究

[目的] 本试验旨在构建单核细胞增多性李斯特菌谷胱甘肽合成酶基因gshF缺失株和互补株并研究其在细菌运动和鞭毛形成中的调控作用。[方法] 采用同源重组的方法构建得到gshF缺失株后,测定野生株及缺失株的运动性和体外生长能力;同时利用荧光定量PCR方法检测gshF缺失株中鞭毛相关基因转录水平的变化。[结果] 缺失gshF后细菌在体外培养基中的生长能力未受影响,但缺失株的运动性及鞭毛形成能力显著降低。此外,缺失株中鞭毛形成重要调控基因gmaR以及鞭毛结构元件基因flaA的转录水平显著低于野生株,而其他鞭毛相关基因的转录水平变化不明显。[结论] 研究首次表明单增李斯特菌谷胱甘肽合成酶通过调控鞭毛重要基因的转录进而影响细菌的运动性和鞭毛形成,研究有助于深入理解重要食源性胞内菌通过精确调控鞭毛形成以适应外界和宿主环境的分子机制。     

金黄色葡萄球菌tst-1基因敲除菌株的构建

抽提金黄色葡萄球菌834菌株的基因组DNA,PCR克隆扩增tst-1及tst-1的上、下游基因,通过将tst-1上、下游基因分别重组到载体质粒pAULA中,形成同源重组质粒pAULA Δtst-1,将pAULA-Δtst-1电转入细菌内,进行同源重组,以PCR、Western blot鉴定tst-1基因敲除菌株无tst-1基因片段,且无TSST-1蛋白表达,表明已成功构建金黄色葡萄球菌tst-1基因的敲除菌株。     

Cre-LoxP系统在炭疽芽胞杆菌基因敲除中的应用及eag基因的敲除

将Cre-LoxP系统应用于Bacillus anthracis中并成功敲除eag基因．以B.anthracis基因组为模板扩增得到上下游同源臂,联合两端带有LoxP位点的壮观霉素抗性基因片段构建好同源重组载体,转化B．anthracis AP422,通过一系列筛选得到带有抗性标记的重组菌．然后,通过转入Cre重组酶表达质粒,去除抗性标记,得到eag基因缺失的重组菌,并在DNA水平、RNA水平和蛋白质水平进行了系统的鉴定．最终建立了Cre-LoxP系统在B．anthracis中的应用方法,并成功敲除eag基因.     

单增李斯特菌毒力因子溶血素关键氨基酸位点在感染过程中的作用研究

【目的】探究单增李斯特菌溶血素O (listeriolysin O, LLO)中D3区域β8折叠片上第253位氨基酸(谷氨酰胺,Q)和第254位氨基酸(异亮氨酸,I)对单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)感染生物学功能的影响。【方法】构建LLO_Q253A和LLO_I254A突变蛋白的原核表达菌株,以及利用同源重组方法构建hly_Q253A和hly_I254A突变株;通过表达纯化突变蛋白,测定溶血活性;比较LLO第253位Q和第254位I均突变成丙氨酸(A)后,对细菌体外生长能力、黏附侵袭、胞内迁移和增殖能力的影响。【结果】相应位点突变后,LLO蛋白均能够正常表达。在pH 6.5条件下,所有突变蛋白和突变株的溶血活性丧失。然而,在pH 5.5条件下,LLO_I254A和hly_I254A恢复了溶血活性。与野生株相比,突变株的体外生长、黏附能力和胞内增殖能力均无明显差异;突变株的侵袭能力和胞间迁移能力显著低于野生株。【结论】本研究证实第253位Q和第254位I均突变成A后,单增李斯特菌在pH 6.5条件下丧失溶血活性,并降低了感染宿主细胞的能力,但具体机制还有待进一步探索。本研究为深入探究LLO结构对单增李斯特菌生物学功能的影响奠定基础,对单增李斯特菌点突变株的构建具有一定参考意义。     

依赖PrfA转录调控的单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因inlC启动子结构特点的初步研究

为了研究单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因启动子的结构特点与转录调控因子PrfA蛋白之间的关系,应用PCR定点突变和重组PCR技术缺失了该菌毒力基因inlC启动子上可能与PrfA蛋白结合以及诱发转录起始相关的碱基序列,构建了一系列突变启动子与lacZ报告基因融合表达质粒, 使lacZ基因的表达置于inlC突变启动子下,并分别电转化单核细胞增生李斯特菌野生株P14、PrfA蛋白高表达突变株P14a 和prfA基因等位缺失突变株A42中,检测相应的β-半乳糖苷酶活性。结果表明：位于inlC启动子转录起始点下游22bp 处的一段17bp的类似PrfA蛋白结合序列TTAACAGCGTTTGTTAA并没有增强和抑制PrfA转录调控活性的功能;甚至将其改造成“完美的” PrfA蛋白结合序列TTAACATTTGTTAA后,也不影响inlC依赖于PrfA的转录活性地表达;但是,如果缺失inlC启动子上原始的PrfA蛋白结合序列,则使inlC依赖于PrfA的转录活性完全丧失;另外,单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因inlC和plcA 依赖于PrfA的转录活性的表达也与启动子上PrfA蛋白结合区(PrfA-box)距离-10区的碱基个数有关:最适为22或23bp,长于23bp或短于22bp的突变启动子的依赖PrfA的转录活性大大降低,甚至没有活性。说明除PrfA蛋白结合序列外,受PrfA调控的毒力基因启动子上还可能存在其它尚未阐明的结构和序列影响PrfA蛋白的结合以及启动转录表达。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip与Cry蛋白的协同作用*

将构建的营养期杀虫蛋白基因vip83表达质粒pBMB2 32 8和含杀虫晶体蛋白基因(cry1Ac1 0或cry1Ca)质粒同时电转化无质粒突变株BMB1 71并双抗筛选。经PCR特异引物扩增验证 ,分别得到含cry1Ac1 0和vip83、cry1Ca和vip83的双基因重组菌BMB2 830 1 71和BMB2 882 1 71。用单基因重组菌作对照 ,分别测定了营养期杀虫蛋白Vip83与杀虫晶体蛋白Cry1Ac1 0和Cry1Ca两组蛋白对 3种重要鳞翅目害     

低温下阻遏蛋白MogR对单增李斯特菌鞭毛形成的影响

【目的】单核细胞增生李斯特菌(简称单增李斯特菌) (Listeria monocytogenes, Lm)是食源性病原菌,可以引发李斯特菌病(listeriosis)。Lm能在低温下生长,对冷藏食品的安全构成严重威胁,并对人类健康造成潜在的危害。Lm能低温生长与抑制鞭毛基因表达以减少鞭毛的合成有关。MogR是Lm鞭毛基因转录的阻遏蛋白,在机体里或37 ℃环境下具有阻遏作用,Lm不产生鞭毛;然而,当Lm处于20-0 ℃时MogR无阻遏作用,Lm产生鞭毛。我们研究发现在4 ℃生长条件下Lm鞭毛合成减少,但具体的分子机制尚未明确。本文探究在4 ℃下Lm鞭毛合成少与MogR起阻遏作用的关系。【方法】以Lm ATCC 19115为亲本株,分别构建了MogR和鞭毛丝蛋白FlaA的缺失株ΔmogR和ΔflaA (作为无鞭毛对照株)及其回补株cΔmogR和cΔflaA,测定了菌株在4、28、37 ℃时的运动性、鞭毛产生情况和鞭毛基因表达量,并对所构建的菌株进行了4、28、37 ℃时生长曲线的测定。【结果】在4 ℃时,mogR缺失后,菌株运动性显著强于亲本株(P<0.01),鞭毛合成量显著多于亲本株(P<0.001),鞭毛基因转录水平显著高于亲本株(P<0.001);缺失株ΔmogR的生长能力显著弱于亲本株(P<0.05)。回补株cΔmogR的运动能力、鞭毛合成量和鞭毛基因转录水平与亲本株相比,无显著性差异。【结论】在4 ℃时,Lm鞭毛产量少与MogR对鞭毛基因起转录抑制作用有关,低温条件下Lm能生长繁殖与MogR对鞭毛基因表达的抑制作用有关。本研究结果为揭示Lm低温生长机制提供了新的信息。     

基于谷氨酸消旋酶基因(murI)构建杀香鱼假单胞菌减毒活疫苗株的染色体-质粒平衡致死表达系统

【目的】构建一种基于谷氨酸消旋酶(MurI)基因的染色体-质粒平衡致死系统,用于杀香鱼假单胞菌减毒活疫苗株(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida ΔtssD-1, Pp ΔtssD-1)中表达外源抗原,为开发多联活疫苗提供新的思路和方法。【方法】利用同源重组技术,将亲本株Pp ΔtssD-1中的murI基因敲除,构建murI基因缺失突变株;将广宿主穿梭质粒pBBR1MCS-2的卡那霉素抗性基因替换为murI基因,构建平衡致死质粒(即无抗性回补质粒);在平衡致死质粒的多克隆位点处插入绿色荧光蛋白以检测外源抗原是否稳定表达,对重组菌株进行生物学特性分析,包括生长曲线、质粒稳定性和外源抗原表达水平。【结果】murI基因缺失株在不含D-谷氨酸的LB培养基上无法生长;无抗性回补株在不含D-谷氨酸的LB培养基上恢复了生长能力,但生长速度低于亲本株;经鉴定外源抗原可在无抗性质粒中稳定表达,并可在荧光显微镜下观察到明显的绿色荧光信号;此外,平衡致死质粒在重组菌株中具有良好的遗传稳定性。【结论】本研究以murI为靶点构建了新型的染色体-质粒平衡致死系统,可在无抗性筛选条件下在Pp ΔtssD-1中表达外源抗原,为开发多联活疫苗提供了新的策略和方法。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。