COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE FEMALE GENITALIA OF SPECIES IN THE SUBFAMILY PRIONINAE ( COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征.研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义.此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充.     

锯天牛亚科雌性生殖器比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,天牛科)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征。研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义。此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充。     

犀金龟亚科昆虫（鞘翅目∶金龟科）的分类研究历史及中国研究进展

犀金龟亚科Dynastinae隶属于昆虫纲Insecta鞘翅目Coleoptera金龟总科Scarabaeoidea,金龟科Scarabaeidae,多为大型至特大型甲虫。该亚科昆虫世界广泛分布,目前全世界种类已发现8族225属1 860余种。犀金龟成虫为植食性,幼虫多腐食性,部分植食性,其幼虫主要危害植物的地下部分,有些种类是重要的农林业害虫。因此,开展犀金龟系统分类的相关研究对农林业生产具有重要意义。此外,犀金龟亚科昆虫大多外形奇特、极具有观赏性,深受爱好者的喜爱,对其生物学、分类学的研究热度持续升高,促使国际贸易盛行,但同时也存在生物多样性保护和外来入侵物种威胁生态系统平衡等问题。犀金龟亚科的分类学研究主要集中在成虫形态学方面,而该类群一些属的成虫鉴定特征与丽金龟亚科的极为相似,导致犀金龟亚科分类系统常存在争议,因此引入幼虫和蛹的形态特征及分子信息可为犀金龟亚科的分类系统提供新的证据。本文回顾了犀金龟亚科的研究历史以及其对经济的影响,给出了中国犀金龟亚科物种列表,但该亚科现阶段分类学仍以新种记述为主,研究方法较单一,因此分子生物学等技术的发展可为未来研究提供新思路。     

Morphological evolutionary trends and their implications for the phylogenetic analysis of metendosternite in Chinese dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

后胸叉骨是昆虫胸部的内骨骼,是重要的肌肉联结点,在昆虫运中起着不可替代的作用.该结构在鞘翅目高级阶元系统发育关系重建中扮演了重要角色,但由于其在低级阶元间的差异较小以及在形态分析中使用困难等因素限制,致使后胸叉骨的研究并未受到广泛重视.国内学者对于甲虫后胸叉骨的研究非常少,甚至长期以来没有中文名称,相关内容只零星散布于教科书和学位论文中,针对蜣螂后胸叉骨形态学研究尚未见报道.本文对金龟科蜣螂亚科9族65种的后胸叉骨进行了详细的比较形态学研究,归纳了族级形态特征,进而探究蜣螂后胸叉骨形态演化趋势及其在系统发育分析中的意义.此外,还对利用现代形态学和几何形态学等方法研究后胸叉骨功能形态的前景进行了阐述.     

蜣螂后胸叉骨形态演化趋势及其在系统发育分析中的意义(鞘翅目:金龟科)

后胸叉骨是昆虫胸部的内骨骼,是重要的肌肉联结点,在昆虫运动中起着不可替代的作用。该结构在鞘翅目高级阶元系统发育关系重建中扮演了重要角色,但由于其在低级阶元间的差异较小以及在形态分析中使用困难等因素限制,致使后胸叉骨的研究并未受到广泛重视。国内学者对于甲虫后胸叉骨的研究非常少,甚至长期以来没有中文名称,相关内容只零星散布于教科书和学位论文中,针对蜣螂后胸叉骨形态学研究尚未见报道。本文对金龟科蜣螂亚科9族65种的后胸叉骨进行了详细的比较形态学研究,归纳了族级形态特征,进而探究蜣螂后胸叉骨形态演化趋势及其在系统发育分析中的意义。此外,还对利用现代形态学和几何形态学等方法研究后胸叉骨功能形态的前景进行了阐述。     

中国五种蜉金龟幼虫形态记述(鞘翅目,金龟科,蜉金龟亚科)

基于3龄幼虫首次描述了中国5种蜉金龟幼虫的形态特征,分别是:方胸蜉金龟 Aphodius quadratus Reiche、黄缘蜉金龟 A.sublimbatus Motschulsky、直蜉金龟 A.rectus Motschulsky、游荡蜉金龟 A.erraticus(Linnaeus)(补充描记).文中列出了中国蜉金龟幼虫的分种检索表.主要鉴别特征是:头部、内唇和臀节等.     

歧隐翅虫亚族(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科)分类特征分析及单系性质疑

一个分类阶元是否单系,在当代分类学与系统学的意义上直接决定这个分类阶元的有效性,即可否广泛接受.形态学分析和动物地理分布模式可以提供非常有价值的启示.鞘翅目隐翅虫科隐翅虫亚科隐翅虫族的歧隐翅虫亚族Anisolinina Hayashi,1993(Coleoptera,Staphylinidae,Staphylininae),尽管是一个建立不久的分类单元,但亚族的分类定义、包括的种属、以及各属种的相互关系等,最近发生了较大的变化.通过分析一些重要的、用来定义这个亚族的关键形态性状,如前胸背板缘折上缘线与下缘线、上颚须、下唇须等,比较亚族内各属级单元的分类历史与动物地理分布,揭示歧隐翅虫亚族Anisolinina不是一个单系类群.     

斑腿蝗科精小管形态及其分类学意义探讨

首次对斑腿蝗科 3 5属 4 6种的精小管形态进行了度量描记 ,并应用SPSS软件对上述种类的精小管量度作了统计分析。结果表明 ,斑腿蝗科精小管形态在属内种间具有稳定性 ,在亚科级阶元具有其各自的特征 ,可作为亚科间比较的一项有用指标。其中 ,稻蝗亚科精小管较短小 ,接近于蚱总科及蝗总科癞蝗科等原始类群 ,显示其原始性 ;板胸蝗亚科较为进化并与秃蝗、裸蝗亚科具较近亲缘关系。斑腿蝗亚科各属间精小管形态变异较大 ,但以梭形至杆状为主 ,显示其较进化的特点。本文结果初步表明 :作为一个方面的分类学性状 ,蝗虫精小管形态可以作为属上高级阶元的比较特征。     

中国丽金龟亚科昆虫分类学研究进展

丽金龟亚科Rutelinae隶属于鞘翅目Coleoptera多食亚目Polyphaga金龟总科Scarabaeoidea金龟科Scarabaeidae。世界性分布,全世界已知7族235属4 200余种,中国目前记录3族25属(亚属),共526种(亚种)。丽金龟成虫为植食性,可取食植物范围广,幼虫土栖,主要取食植物根部,部分种类是农林业害虫。因此,对其开展分类学研究,对农林业生产具有理论意义。本文通过全面核查文献及统计分析,回顾和总结了丽金龟亚科分类学研究历史,并重点介绍了我国的研究现状。目前已开展的丽金龟亚科研究工作仍以新种发表为主,缺乏高质量的分类修订工作及系统发育研究。另外,丽金龟亚科是鞘翅目中重要的植食性昆虫之一,开展深入的生物多样性研究,对于探讨甲虫的多样性和与植物协同进化关系有重要意义。     

2021年世界鞘翅目现生类群分类年鉴

本文整理并总结了世界鞘翅目2021年发表的新分类阶元、新组合、新异名、分类阶元升级和降级等情况, 并单独梳理了中国2021年鞘翅目新增分类群。通过在线数据库检索及相关同行补充, 最终共获得了相关文献1,114篇。2021年, 世界鞘翅目新分类阶元共计3,375个, 包括2个新亚科, 1个超族, 9个新族, 3个新亚族, 178个新属, 36个新亚属, 3,070个新种和76个新亚种, 另有1,071个新组合, 485个新异名, 70个分类阶元升级, 26个分类阶元降级。新发表的物种中, 隐翅虫科534种, 金龟科461种, 二者约占总数的31.6%。世界鞘翅目新物种发现数量最多的国家是中国, 共发现新属13个, 新亚属4个, 新种635个, 新亚种6个, 发表中国新记录亚科2个, 新记录属13个, 新记录亚属1个, 新记录种112个和新记录亚种6个。2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种有204个隶属于金龟科, 新物种发现数量最高的省级行政区是云南省(172个新种及亚种)。     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor