恶性疟原虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的评估

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）为载体,由其基因构建了含有不同时期不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ～ＡＷＴＥ、ＣＴＢ～ＮＡＮＰ,前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位,后者含有子孢子期的Ｂ、Ｔｈ细胞表位。将纯化的质粒免疫Ｂａｌｂ．ｃ纯系小鼠,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的小鼠进行疟原虫子孢子攻击实验     

恶性疟原虫多抗原表位基因的融合与表达

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）基因为载体,构建了含不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ／ＡＴＥ和ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ。前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位;后者在此基础上将我国发现的Ｂ细胞表位ＮＫＮＤＤ基因经８次串联后融合其中。两种形式的融合基因经测序正确后转入大肠杆菌ＴＫ１０４６中,产量分别为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ及５ｍｇ／Ｌ。表达产物ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ经亲和层析纯化双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定表明,该融合蛋白在保留了与抗ＣＴＢ抗体结合的同时,与抗ＮＫＮＤＤ单抗的结合效价达１：８０００。     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术了获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子ＣＳ抗原融合基因的重组质粒ｐＭＣ０５５－ＣＳ的工程菌株,能高效分泌ＣＳ抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,具有霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位和子孢子ＣＳ的抗原性;将纯化的融合蛋白免疫Ｃ５７纯系小鼠,免疫后抗ＣＴ－Ｂ抗体滴度可达１：３ ２００－６４００,抗ＣＳ抗体滴度可达１：３２０－６４０,免疫小鼠用纸氏疟孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达３４－４５％。     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

Epstein-Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白联合免疫效果相似。不同启动子控制下的ＭＡ基因,诱发小鼠免疫应答无明显差异。     

恶性疟原虫抗原表位的亚单位疫苗与DNA疫苗的联合免疫

构建了含有恶性疟原虫抗原基因 ( AWTE)的真核表达质粒 p CMV- AWTE,以及能在大肠杆菌中得到分泌性表达的原核表达质粒 p MC0 5 ,表达的蛋白 AWTE保持了疟原虫抗原的抗原性。将 p CMV- AWTE以及 AWTE两者混合各 1 0μg鼻腔免疫小鼠 ,一次后诱导机体产生了较高水平的体液免疫及细胞免疫     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的重组质粒pMC055－CS的工程菌株,能高效分泌CS抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达25mg／L．具有霍乱毒素B亚单位（CT－B）和子孢子CS的抗原性．将纯化的融合蛋白免疫C57纯系小鼠,免疫后抗CT－B抗体滴度可达1：3200～6400,抗CS抗体滴度可达1：320～640．免疫小鼠采用约氏疟子孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达34～45％．     

增强恶性疟原虫DNA疫苗免疫反应的研究

构建了含有恶性疟原虫抗原基因 ( AWTE)及白介素 2基因的重组质粒 p CMV- AWTE以及p CMV- IL2、p CMV- IL2 - AWTE、p RSV- AWTE。将纯化的质粒混合后免疫小鼠 ,3次免疫后比较其诱导机体产生的免疫应答的水平 ,发现 IL- 2可以明显地提高机体的细胞免疫 ,而对体液免疫的影响甚微。麻醉剂、蔗糖、免疫剂量等因素也可以不同程度地提高机体的免疫应答水平 ,RSV启动子与 CMV启动子对免疫应答水平无明显的影响     

恶性疟原虫杂合多肽抗原融合基因的克隆和表达

合成了５对寡核苷酸片段,分别连接在两种恶性疟原虫杂合多肽（４５肽和５８肽）抗原基因片段（ＨＰＦＧＡ和ＨＰＦＧＢ）的头部和尾部,将这两种片段分别与霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＣＴ－Ｂ）基因末端融合。两种杂合多肽抗原分别含有数个红内期和红外期有代表性的、并能被Ｔ或Ｂ淋巴细胞识别的保护性抗原表位,ＣＴ－Ｂ基因前端具有促使分泌的信号肽序列。将这两种融合基因的不同重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌,对转化菌的培养上清检测表明融合蛋白被分泌性表达,既具有恶性疟原虫和ＣＴ－Ｂ抗原性,又保持了ＣＴ－Ｂ与其受体神经节苷脂ＣＭ１结合的生物学活性。     

不同DNA疫苗联合接种可有效增强免疫效果

造反乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒核心抗原（ＨＢｃＡｇＡ）、ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）及单纯疱疹病毒ｇＤ抗原（ＨＳＶ－１－ｇＤ）基因为目的基因,进行ＤＮＡ疫苗联合免疫的研究。通过对不同基因片段的表达研究,选择了能在哺乳动物细胞中高效表达乙肝病毒核心抗原、ｅ抗原和单纯疱疹病毒ｇＤ抗原的质粒ＤＮＡ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠。结果显示：表达乙肝病毒核心抗原和单纯疱毒ｇＤ抗原的ＤＨＡ疫苗单独免疫,能有效刺激机体产生体液免疫和细     

恶性疟原虫多抗原表位基因表达载体的构建及其在大豆幼胚中的表达

疟疾是当今最需要研究有效疫苗的主要传染病之一。AWTE基因编码恶性疟原虫多种抗原表位基因 ,CTB基因编码霍乱毒素 B亚基 ,是一种既能引起细胞免疫又能引起体液免疫的免疫载体和佐剂。把 AWTE- CTB融合基因构建到植物表达载体 p BVG- ny2上 ,通过基因枪导入法 ,转化大豆幼胚分生组织。 X- glu染色检测到 GUS基因的表达 ;抗原性分析实验结果表明 ,特异表达的融合蛋白可与 CTB和 AWTE抗体结合 ,具有 CTB抗原性。这个实验结果 ,表明疟疾多抗原表位基因首次在转基因大豆幼胚中得到瞬时表达     

Multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit ("A"-monomer) of the pertussis toxin molecule

The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Bordetella pertussis vaccine are mediated in part by the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (PT). To identify the immune epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT, synthetic peptides were prepared and tested for their capacity to induce antibodies in mice with different MHC genotypes. In BALB/c mice, peptides corresponding to sequences 1-17, 70-82 and 189-199 generate T cell proliferative responses, induce the production of antibodies capable of neutralization of the toxin in the Chinese hamster ovary-cell assay, and protect mice from a shock-like syndrome caused by alternate injections of BSA and PT. Protection and neutralization correlated with the ability of these peptides to elicit high anti-PT titers. Different B cell epitopes were detected in other inbred mouse strains. The antibody reactivity against synthetic peptides from two infants vaccinated with pertussis vaccine was tested. These infants had antibodies reactive to a variety of epitopes in the S1 subunit, including peptides 1-17, 70-82, 99-112, 135-145, and 189-199. Thus, it appears that there are multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT.     

以恒河猴为模型的DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用研究

研究了以霍乱毒素B亚基（CTB）为载体的重组疟疾多价抗原（AWTE）表位的DNA疫苗在恒河猴中的免疫原性及对相应疟原虫感染的免疫保护作用。结果表明DNA疫苗组免疫2次后即产生了较高水平的细胞免疫和体液免疫,免疫后91天用1.25×10     

Liposome Fluidity Alters Interactions Between the Ganglioside GM1 and Cholera Toxin B Subunit

Cholera toxin is a complex protein with a biologically active protein (A subunit) and a cell targeting portion (B subunit). The B subunit is responsible for specific cell binding and entry of the A subunit. One way to limit potential toxicity of the toxin after exposure is to introduce cellular decoys to bind the toxin before it can enter cells. In this study the ganglioside GM1, a natural ligand for cholera toxin, was incorporated into liposomes and the interaction between fluorescent B subunit and the liposome determined. Liposome membrane fluidity was determined to play a major role in the binding between liposomes and the cholera toxin B subunit. Liposomes with lower fluidity demonstrated greater binding with the B subunit. The findings from this study could have important implications on formulation strategies for liposome decoys of toxins.     

Liposome fluidity alters interactions between the ganglioside GM1 and cholera toxin B subunit

Cholera toxin is a complex protein with a biologically active protein (A subunit) and a cell targeting portion (B subunit). The B subunit is responsible for specific cell binding and entry of the A subunit. One way to limit potential toxicity of the toxin after exposure is to introduce cellular decoys to bind the toxin before it can enter cells. In this study the ganglioside GM1, a natural ligand for cholera toxin, was incorporated into liposomes and the interaction between fluorescent B subunit and the liposome determined. Liposome membrane fluidity was determined to play a major role in the binding between liposomes and the cholera toxin B subunit. Liposomes with lower fluidity demonstrated greater binding with the B subunit. The findings from this study could have important implications on formulation strategies for liposome decoys of toxins.     

Possible involvement of a GTP-binding protein in a late event during endogenous ganglioside-modulated cellular proliferation

The B subunit of cholera toxin, a protein which binds specifically to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface, stimulates DNA synthesis in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts as measured by an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Pertussis toxin pretreatment markedly inhibits B subunit-induced DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effects of pertussis toxin were observed even in the presence of insulin which greatly potentiates the mitogenic response to the B subunit. Treatment with either pertussis toxin or insulin did not alter the binding of the B subunit to the cells. The dose-response for pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis correlated closely with the dose-response for ADP-ribosylation of a 41-kDa membrane protein, suggesting the involvement of a GTP-binding protein that is a substrate for pertussis toxin (Gi) in mitogenesis induced via cross-linking of endogenous gangliosides. Pertussis toxin, in a similar concentration-dependent manner, also inhibited the mitogenic response to unfractionated fetal calf serum and to bombesin in the absence or presence of insulin. The inhibitory effect of pertussis toxin was clearly unrelated to any effects on known G proteins coupled to adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C. In addition, pertussis toxin did not impair the early increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ induced by the B subunit or bombesin. Pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis could still be observed even when the toxin was added as late as 6 h after addition of the growth-promoting agents. This suggests the involvement of a GTP-binding protein in a late step of the B subunit- and bombesin-mediated pathways of mitogenesis. The possibility that other growth factors bypass this pathway is shown by their lack of sensitivity to pertussis toxin.     

The bimodal growth response of Swiss 3T3 cells to the B subunit of cholera toxin is independent of the density of its receptor, ganglioside GM1

The B subunit of cholera toxin, a protein which binds specifically to cell surface ganglioside GM1, has been shown to have a bimodal effect on DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. The B subunit induced cellular proliferation of confluent and quiescent cells while it inhibited the growth of the same cells when they were sparse and rapidly dividing. The amount of cell surface GM1 increased when the cells reached confluency. To examine the hypothesis that the variation in levels of GM1 was responsible for the bimodal effect, we increased GM1 levels in rapidly dividing cells by insertion of exogenous GM1 or by treatment of the cells with neuraminidase to convert polysialogangliosides to GM1. Even after the level of GM1 was increased to levels similar to those found in confluent cells, the B subunit still inhibited, rather than stimulated, their growth. Therefore, this result indicates that the bimodal response to the B subunit is not solely a function of the concentration of cell surface GM1; rather it is the growth stage that determines the fate of the signal transduced by the interaction of the B subunit and ganglioside GM1.     

重组霍乱毒素B亚基与疟原虫多表位融合蛋白的免疫保护作用研究

对以霍乱毒素B亚基为载体蛋白的重组疟疾多价抗原在小鼠及恒河猴中的免疫原性及对相应疟原虫感染的免疫保护作用进行了研究。结果表明：该抗原免疫小鼠后,对约氏疟子孢子攻击的保护率在50%左右;恒河猴免疫后用1×10⁸食蟹疟裂殖子攻击,对照组2只动物在攻击后4d感染,感染持续30d以上;免疫组2只动物中,两只动物在感染6～7d后完全恢复,且1只推迟3d感染,说明该抗原具有免疫保护作用。     

Regulation of proliferation by the cholera toxin B subunit in FRTL-5 cells may involve a mechanism independent from the modulation of membrane receptor function

In quiescent rat thyroid (FRTL-5) cells, the B subunit of cholera toxin, which binds to cell surface ganglioside GM1 specifically, alone induced DNA synthesis and markedly enhanced that induced by insulin in serum-free medium. On the other hand, the B subunit inhibited DNA synthesis induced by thyrotropin (TSH). The B subunit did not activate adenylate cyclase and had no effect on the TSH-induced cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production. Moreover, the B subunit inhibited DNA synthesis induced by dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). These data demonstrate that the B subunit has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in FRTL-5 cells depending on the presence of other growth factors and that these effects on cell proliferation by the interaction of the B subunit, possibly with cell surface ganglioside GM1, may involve a mechanism independent from the modulation of membrane receptor function through interaction with growth factor receptor.