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1.
普通玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法,研究了5个玉米籽粒性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应.分析结果表明,各性状的遗传同时受种子直接效应和母体效应的影响,细胞质基因对百粒重和粒宽具有极显著影响.除粒长、粒厚的直接显性效应与母体显性效应间的协方差外,直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著.因此,通过母体植株的表现可对这些性状进行有效的选择.S_22和 87-1是改良粒重的优良亲本.选择粒较宽的自交系作母本有利于提高后代选系及F_1的百粒重.  相似文献   

2.
爆裂玉米胚乳数量性状的遗传研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
采用三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,研究了4个爆裂玉米膨爆特性的胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明,百粒重、膨化体积的遗传同时由3套遗传体系所控制,百粒重的细胞质、膨化体积的母体和细胞质遗传率较高。爆花率和膨化倍数受胚乳和母体2套遗传体系的影响,且遗传率相近。爆花率和膨化倍数的直接和母体杂种优势均为负值。要组配出优良爆裂玉米杂交种,必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系,同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中,必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系,同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中,P3,P4适宜用作母本,P5则适宜作父本。  相似文献   

3.
玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
李玉玲  张泽民  许自成  席章营 《遗传》2000,22(3):133-136
采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,以5个玉米自交系及其配制的F1,F2,BC1,BC2世代为材料,研究5个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明,除粒宽外,各性状的遗传同时由细胞质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制,百粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响,粒长的遗传以母体效应为主,粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位籽粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达到显著或极显著水平,其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著,通过母体植株的遗传表现可以对这些性状进行有效的选择。S22 是改良百粒重的优良亲本。Abstract:The embryo,endosperm and cytoplasm effects of seven seed traits were studied by genetic model for diploid embryo and triploid endosperm plant seeds using five inbreds and their F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations. The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that the inheritance of all other kernel traits was controlled by the four effects except kernel width. The 100?kernel weight was mainly controlled by endosperm and maternal effects , and kernel length was controlled by the maternal effects,while endosperm conrrolled kernel width and kernel thickness. Except the significant or highly significant covariances between the endosperm direct additive and maternal additive effects for 100-kernel weight,all other traits between the embryo or endosperm direct effect and the maternal were not significant. So,maize inbreds could be developed by direct selection based on maternal plants for these traits. S22 was the best inbred of the improvement for kernel weight in this study.  相似文献   

4.
胚乳性状的遗传模型和世代平均数   总被引:18,自引:7,他引:18  
莫惠栋 《遗传学报》1989,16(2):111-117
谷类作物的胚乳是三倍体组织,胚乳性状受3N遗传控制。本文分析了胚乳性状的遗传特征,建立了相应的遗传模型,推导了世代群体的平均数分量,并提出了研究胚乳性状基因效应的一些简单的交配设计。  相似文献   

5.
麦芽品质性状的遗传模型及其分析方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文提出分析大麦芽品质性状世代平均数的遗传模型,根据麦芽性状的特点,该模型将控制麦芽性状的总遗传效应分解为萌动胚基因效应和胚乳基因效应。  相似文献   

6.
将Cockerham广义遗传模型的建模原理应用于双交方式的交配设计,针对二倍体种子和三倍体胚乳数量性状的遗传特点,提出了2个适用于分析种子品质性状的加性-显性-细胞质-母体模型,介绍了相应的统计分析方法,并进行了蒙特卡罗模拟分析。  相似文献   

7.
胚乳性状的世代遗传方差   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
莫惠栋 《遗传学报》1989,16(5):335-341
本文论述由两个纯系杂交而衍生的各种世代群体的胚乳性状的遗传方差分量。根据有关世代胚乳的遗传组成和加性-显性模型下的基因效应,导出了它们的总的、株间的和自交世代的遗传方差,并分别列于表1—3。  相似文献   

8.
利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型定位玉米籽粒淀粉含量QTL   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
董永彬  李玉玲  牛素贞 《遗传》2006,28(11):1401-1406
在两种环境条件下种植以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04为亲本构建的259个F2:3家系群体, 采用SSR标记构建了包含183个标记的玉米遗传连锁图谱, 覆盖玉米基因组1 762.2 cM, 标记间平均距离为9.6 cM。利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型和区间作图方法对籽粒淀粉含量进行了QTL定位和遗传效应分析, 春、夏播条件下共检测到10个QTL, 春播条件下检测到的QTL在夏播均被检测到, 分别位于第1、3、4、5、7染色体上,可解释淀粉的表型总变异分别为36.84%和72.65%, 单个QTL解释表型变异介于4.74%~11.26%。在检测到的 QTL中, 有2个QTL的遗传作用方式在春播均表现为超显性, 而夏播分别为加性和部分显性; 其他2个为加性, 1个为部分显性, 5个为超显性。3个QTL的增效基因来自丹232, 其余QTL的增效基因均来自N04。  相似文献   

9.
谷类作物胚乳性状遗传控制的鉴别   总被引:30,自引:7,他引:30  
莫惠栋 《遗传学报》1995,22(2):126-132
谷类作物种子胚乳生状的遗传表达,可能受三倍体的胚乳基因型和/或二倍体的母体基因型控制,还可能存在细胞质效应。Foolad等和Pooni等提出的分析模型,由于遗传参数的系数间存在线性相关,不能有效地区分上述遗传控制系统。本文的交配设计和相应统计方法,可对一胚乳生状是否存在胚乳基因型,母体基因型蔌细腻质效应分别作出测验,从而可确定合适遗传模型和估计有关遗传参数。这些方法也可方便地推广于鉴别非谷作物种子  相似文献   

10.
用不同模型估计绒山羊早期生长性状遗传参数的比较   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
利用内蒙古伊盟阿尔巴斯白绒山羊种羊场从1993年至2000年间白绒山羊的早期生长性状(包括出生重、断乳重、日增重和周岁重)的场内测定数据,对4种不同动物模型估计遗传参数的差异进行了比较分析。不同模型中对母体遗传效应和母体环境效应作了不同的考虑:模型I,不考虑母体遗传效应和母体环境效应;模型Ⅱ,仅考虑母体遗传效应;模型Ⅲ,仅考虑母体环境效应;模型Ⅳ,同时考虑母体遗传效应和母体环境效应。利用MTD-FREML程序采用非求导约束最大似然法(DFREML)估计各模型中的方差组分,用似然比检验对不同模型的差异进行检验。结果表明:对于出生重,母体遗传效应和母体环境效应都有极显著的影响,应采用模型Ⅳ进行分析;对于断乳重和日增重,母体遗传效应的影响不显著,而母体环境效应的影响极显著,应采用模型Ⅲ进行分析;对于周岁重,母体环境效应的影响不显著,而母体遗传效应的影响显著,应采用模型Ⅱ进行分析。  相似文献   

11.
    
Flowering plants, like placental mammals, have an extensive maternal contribution toward progeny development. Plants are distinguished from animals by a genetically active haploid phase of growth and development between meiosis and fertilization, called the gametophyte. Flowering plants are further distinguished by the process of double fertilization that produces sister progeny, the endosperm and the embryo, of the seed. Because of this, there is substantial gene expression in the female gametophyte that contributes to the regulation of growth and development of the seed. A primary function of the endosperm is to provide growth support to its sister embryo. Several mutations in Zea mays subsp. mays have been identified that affect the contribution of the mother gametophyte to the seed. The majority affect both the endosperm and the embryo, although some embryo-specific effects have been observed. Many alter the pattern of expression of a marker for the basal endosperm transfer layer, a tissue that transports nutrients from the mother plant to the developing seed. Many of them cause abnormal development of the female gametophyte prior to fertilization, revealing potential cellular mechanisms of maternal control of seed development. These effects include reduced central cell size, abnormal architecture of the central cell, abnormal numbers and morphology of the antipodal cells, and abnormal egg cell morphology. These mutants provide insight into the logic of seed development, including necessary features of the gametes and supporting cells prior to fertilization, and set up future studies on the mechanisms regulating maternal contributions to the seed.  相似文献   

12.
Cytoplasmic effects were investigated using a dataset comprising three breeding groups of Welsh Mountain sheep. The influences of cytoplasmic effects were investigated by comparing animal models with and without a random term representing cytoplasmic effects. The models were applied to the eight-week weight, scan weight (mean 152 days) and ultrasonically scanned muscle and fat depth. The animal model included the random effects of animals and the maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and maternal common environmental effects. In total there were 24 569, 10 509, 8389, 8369 records for the eight-week weight, scan weight, muscle depth and fat depth respectively. Four subsets were further analysed containing maternal lines with at least five, ten, fifteen and twenty animals/line. There was no evidence of cytoplasmic effects on eight-week weight and muscle depth. Cytoplasmic effects contributed 1–2% of phenotypic variance for scan-weight and fat depth, but the effect was generally non-significant (P > 0.05). As the number of animals per maternal line increased, the magnitude of cytoplasmic effects also increased for these traits. Direct heritability estimates for the eight-week weight, scan weight, muscle depth and fat depth using the full dataset were 0.18, 0.25, 0.24, and 0.21 respectively.  相似文献   

13.
母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生产性能遗传参数估计的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Wang PY  Guanque ZX  Qi QQ  De M  Zhang WG  Li JQ 《遗传》2012,34(5):584-590
为了研究母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生长性状、产毛性状的影响,文章采用平均信息最大约束似然法应用不同混合动物模型估计青海细毛羊生产性状的遗传参数,并采用似然比检验对不同模型进行比较分析。各模型中均包括固定效应、个体直接加性遗传效应、残差效应;随机效应为:个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。不同模型对随机效应作了不同考虑:模型1不考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应;模型2考虑母体永久环境效应;模型3考虑母体遗传效应;模型4考虑母体遗传效应和母体永久环境效应;模型5考虑个体永久环境效应和母体遗传效应;模型6考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。各模型估计的初生重遗传力为:0.1896~0.3781;断奶重遗传力为:0.2537~0.2890;周岁重遗传力范围:0.2244~0.3225;成年羊体重遗传力范围:0.2205~0.3983;产毛量遗传力为:0.1218~0.1490;羊毛细度遗传力为:0.0983~0.4802;羊毛长度遗传力为:0.1170~0.1311。与模型1相比,模型3对于初生重、断奶重差异显著(P<0.01),对于周岁重、成年羊体重各模型与模型1的似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05);与模型6相比,模型4、5对于羊毛细度差异显著(P<0.01),模型4对羊毛长度差异显著(P<0.05),对于产毛量各模型与模型6似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05)。生长性状中初生重、断奶重受母体遗传效应影响显著,周岁重、成年羊体重受母体遗传效应影响不显著;产毛性状中羊毛细度、长度受母体遗传效应影响显著,产毛量受母体遗传效应影响较弱。  相似文献   

14.
为了研究母体遗传效应对青海细毛羊生长性状、产毛性状的影响, 文章采用平均信息最大约束似然法应用不同混合动物模型估计青海细毛羊生产性状的遗传参数, 并采用似然比检验对不同模型进行比较分析。各模型中均包括固定效应、个体直接加性遗传效应、残差效应; 随机效应为:个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。不同模型对随机效应作了不同考虑:模型1不考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应; 模型2考虑母体永久环境效应; 模型3考虑母体遗传效应; 模型4考虑母体遗传效应和母体永久环境效应; 模型5考虑个体永久环境效应和母体遗传效应; 模型6考虑个体永久环境效应、母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应。各模型估计的初生重遗传力为:0.1896~0.3781; 断奶重遗传力为:0.2537~0.2890; 周岁重遗传力范围:0.2244~0.3225; 成年羊体重遗传力范围:0.2205~0.3983; 产毛量遗传力为:0.1218~0.1490; 羊毛细度遗传力为:0.0983~0.4802; 羊毛长度遗传力为:0.1170~0.1311。与模型1相比, 模型3对于初生重、断奶重差异显著(P<0.01), 对于周岁重、成年羊体重各模型与模型1的似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05); 与模型6相比, 模型4、5对于羊毛细度差异显著(P<0.01), 模型4对羊毛长度差异显著(P<0.05), 对于产毛量各模型与模型6似然比检验差异不显著(P>0.05)。生长性状中初生重、断奶重受母体遗传效应影响显著, 周岁重、成年羊体重受母体遗传效应影响不显著; 产毛性状中羊毛细度、长度受母体遗传效应影响显著, 产毛量受母体遗传效应影响较弱。  相似文献   

15.
W.J. da Silva  P. Arruda 《Phytochemistry》1979,18(11):1803-1805
A split pollination was used to produce normal (Su su su O2 o2 o2) and high lysine double mutant sugary opaque-2 (su su su o2 o2 o2) endosperms on the same ear of sugary opaque-2 maize plants. Amino acids were determined in the vascular sap of the ear peduncle. Lysine content in the sap was compared with lysine stored in both normal and sugary opaque-2 endosperm during kernel filling. Lysine content in the ear peduncle sap could account for all lysine found in both endosperms. Preformed lysine is highly catabolized in the normal endosperm, but not in the high lysine sugary opaque-2 endosperm. The rate of lysine breakdown appears to be an important mechanism by which the high lysine mutant controls lysine level in maize endosperm.  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
Heritable maternal effects have important consequences for the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic traits under selection, but have only rarely been tested for or quantified in evolutionary studies. Here we estimate maternal effects on early-life traits in a feral population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) from St Kilda, Scotland. We then partition the maternal effects into genetic and environmental components to obtain the first direct estimates of maternal genetic effects in a free-living population, and furthermore test for covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects. Using an animal model approach, direct heritabilities (h2) were low but maternal genetic effects (m2) represented a relatively large proportion of the total phenotypic variance for each trait (birth weight m2=0.119, birth date m2=0.197, natal litter size m2=0.211). A negative correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects was estimated for each trait, but was only statistically significant for natal litter size (ram= -0.714). Total heritabilities (incorporating variance from heritable maternal effects and the direct-maternal genetic covariance) were significant for birth weight and birth date but not for natal litter size. Inadequately specified models greatly overestimated additive genetic variance and hence direct h2 (by a factor of up to 6.45 in the case of birth date). We conclude that failure to model heritable maternal variance can result in over- or under-estimation of the potential for traits to respond to selection, and advocate an increased effort to explicitly measure maternal genetic effects in evolutionary studies.  相似文献   

18.
异源细胞质小麦耐盐性的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
以粗厚山羊草(Aegilops crassa)细胞质小麦为材料,采用组织培养,水培、模拟盐池等方法,研究细胞质对小麦耐盐性的遗传效应,结果表明:粗厚山羊草细胞质可以不同程度地诱发小麦耐盐性产生变异。不同核质组合细胞质效应有一定差异,表现出特定的核质互作关系。部分异质系细胞水平与植株水平的耐盐性表现一致,特别是(Ae.crassa)-鉴26的愈伤组织和幼苗的耐盐性表现均最突出。返青期和成熟期的鉴定结  相似文献   

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