生物毒素的医药应用研究进展

生物毒素是一大类具有重要意义的生物源化学物质,生物毒素研究已发展成为与多种学科交叉的“生物毒素学”新学科,其发展对于生命科学、生源合成化学、化学生物学、化学生态学、医学、药物学都有重要意义,对药物创新研究更具有积极作用。该文概述了生物毒素的种类,详细阐述了生物毒素的医药应用及最新进展,指出了生物毒素在医药研究上的热点。     

生物毒素研究新进展

生物毒素总的来说是有害的,可使生命有机体得病,重者死亡。某些原核生物和真核生物或某些低等生物和高等生物均有产生毒素的能力。美国一位生理学家曾做过实验,证实人生气时会分泌毒素。把人生气时呼出的“生气水”注射到大白鼠身上,几分钟后大白鼠就死亡了。生气时的分泌物比任何情绪时都复杂,更具有毒性。生物毒素固然有其害,但同时亦有其利,“以毒攻毒”,可用于治病。因此,     

黄曲霉毒素B1生物脱毒的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是一组由黄曲霉、寄生曲霉等多种真茵产生的次级代谢产物,具有强烈的毒性,可以引起动物肝脏肿大、病变甚至癌变,对人和家畜的健康产生极大的威胁。本文简介了黄曲霉毒素B_1的分子结构、理化性质、污染现状,综述了黄曲霉毒素B_1生物脱毒方面及其应用的研究进展,重点讲述通过微生物降解黄曲霉毒素B_1的研究近况。     

细菌蛋白毒素在细胞骨架研究中的应用

细胞骨架参与细胞运动、细胞分裂、基因表达、细胞分化等生命活动,是当前生命科学的研究热点之一。细菌蛋白毒素由于对靶位点具有高度选择性、高效性,目前广泛用于细胞生物学、药理学研究。本文概述了常用的细菌蛋白毒素及其在细胞骨架研究中的应用。     

百日咳毒素的生物学活性

<正> 1.前言1947年Greenberg和Fleming与1948年Parfentjer和Goodline的观察研究,标志着百日咳菌苗生物学活性研究的开始。Green-berg和Fleming发现,百日咳菌苗能增强抗原产生抗体;而Parfentjer和Goodline报导百日咳菌苗处理过的小鼠对组织胺的敏感性增强。不久,又发现菌苗可增进小鼠对过敏症、五羟色胺、组织胺和五羟色胺的结合物、内毒素以及许多其它休克增强因子的敏     

生物表面活性剂的工业应用

生物表面活性剂的工业应用徐志伟,尤勤,孙炳寅（南京大学生物科学与技术系,南京）生物表面活性剂是一类由微生物产生的具有一定表面活性的两亲化合物,它们一般都具有良好的降低表面张力、界面张力的性能;也有的不能显著降低界面张力,但对油一水界面表现出很强的亲合...     

毒菌毒素及其应用价值

毒菌毒素及其应用价值孟国良李凤玲（郑州牧业工程高等专科学校,４５００４５）毒菌,是指不能直接食用的大型有毒真菌。目前全世界已发现毒菌２００余种,我国１８０多种。在这些毒菌中,有不少种含毒轻微或在一定条件下尚可食用,真正能够引起人们食后中毒致死的有３０...     

生物传感器的应用研究进展

生物传感器是一门由生物、化学、物理、医学、电子技术等多种学科互相渗透成长起来的高新技术 ,是一种将生物感应元件的专一性与一个能够产生和待测物浓度成比例的信号传导器结合起来的分析装置。由于其具有选择性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、成本低、能在复杂体系中进行在线连续监测的特点 ,已在生物、医学、环境监测、食品、医药、及军事医学等领域显示出广阔的应用前景 ,引起了世界各国的极大关注。综述了生物传感器的基本原理、分类、特点及在环境监测、食品分析、生物医学和军事上的应用 ,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

浅谈PCR技术海洋生物多肽毒素克隆研究中的应用

本文主要结合PCR技术在海洋生物多肽毒素克隆研究中的应用探讨了如何进行PCR技术的教学。     

Applied Psychophysiology and Learned Physiological Regulation

This commentary emphasizes the importance of including animal research and basic human research, contrasts the present state of affairs for biofeedback in the United States versus Europe, and proposes an alternative, more expanded definition of applied psychophysiology, which includes research, diagnostics, and education, as well as interventions.     

Demographics and spatio‐temporal signature of the biotoxin domoic acid in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) stranding records

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in otherwise good nutritional condition have been consistently affected by the marine biotoxin domoic acid since the late 1990s. In this study we evaluated the temporal and spatial stranding patterns of suspected and confirmed cases of domoic acid intoxicated sea lions from 1998 to 2006, using records of strandings along the California coast obtained from members of the California Marine Mammal Stranding Network. The majority of domoic acid cases were adult females (47%–82% of the total annual domoic acid cases), a contrast to strandings that were not related to domoic acid, which were generally dominated by juveniles and pups. Exposure to this biotoxin led to a 6.67‐fold increase in adult female strandings in 2000, and a 5.44‐fold increase in adult female deaths in 2006, relative to strandings and deaths of adult female not affected by domoic acid. Domoic acid cases have occurred annually since 1998 (except for 1999) between April and August, with clusters centered primarily at Pismo Beach (San Luis Obispo County), as well as at other beaches in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Orange, and San Diego counties. The larger ecological and population level implications of increased domoic acid strandings and deaths, particularly among adult female sea lions, warrant further attention and need to be investigated.     

Importance of basic research in applied phycology

Utilization of algae has extended considerably from the middle of this century, with the consequence of more and more applied research in various directions and fields, the most important of which deals with phycocolloid production and algal cultivation to provide raw material and foodstuff. It is noteworthy that this research can not avoid the use of knowledge obtained by basic research; applied phycology is especially indebted to basic research in adopting biotechnologies which are typically coming from basic research. In counterpart, such a situation is beneficial to basic research. According to the dependence of applied phycology to basic research and the fact that restricted research programs only are nowadays financially supported, the fate of all research seems to be questionable.     

树木年轮分析在全球变化研究中的应用

树木年轮的宽度、密度、图像分析、同位素含量等都与气候因子温度、湿度以及大气成分的变化成复杂的相关关系。本文总结了树木年轮分析的几种主要研究方法以及在全球气候变化、大气污染以及重建大气CO2浓度中的应用,同时利用树木年轮分析对全球变化研究中存在的问题、争议等作了简要的探讨,并对未来全球变化中的年轮年代学研究的方向作了展望。     

Brief Comments on the Proposed Definition of Applied Psychophysiology

The definition proposed by Mark Schwartz is discussed in brief fashion and is found to be very useful and appropriate.     

Single subject (small N) research designs and zoo research

This paper presents single case (small N) research designs as a design option for research in zoos. Because of the small numbers of animals in zoos, traditional large group designs using inferential statistics are often not feasible. Single subject research designs are discussed with respect to logic, specific design options, and validity. Specific examples are used throughout to demonstrate how these designs would be used in zoo research. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Applied Psychophysiology: Exclusions and Inclusions

Mark Schwartz has done a fine job in a systematic attempt to define applied psychophysiology. The present author disagrees on a few points concerning what areas will be included and what areas excluded from Schwatz's definition of this term.