中国海南兰科植物的增补与修订

据海南植物志(1977)记载,海南有兰科植物58属143种及2变种,其后多篇文章论及一些种属,标本亦有较多的增加。本文根据现有标本和文献资料对海南兰科植物作一增补与修订,共涉及36属超过57种,包括19个新记录种、2个新种、1个新各称、5个新异名和许多种的名称变动。总计海南岛共有兰科植物68属、178种3变种。     

青冈亚属植物的地理分布

对壳斗科青冈亚属（Quercus subg.Cyclobalanopsis)植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析和统计。通过分析,认为中国南部、西南部和中南半岛北部,即印度支那植物地区,是青冈亚属植物地理分布的分布区中心。基于其形态、现代分布和地史资料,马来西亚地区分布有许多性状较原始的类群,是青冈亚属原始类的保存中心。青冈亚属植物中有许多地区 特有种,它们的分布区很狭窄,集中分布在加里曼丹、台湾、海南和云南东部部,其产生的原因主要是地理隔离,如海峡、高山等,以及气候和地史的复杂性。青冈亚属植物还存在许多替代现象,如青冈（Q.schottkyana）、赤皮青冈（Ｑ.gilva)和黄毛青冈（Ｑ.delavayi)`、云山青冈（Q.sessifolia)和窄叶青冈（Ｑ.augustinii)为中国－日本分布式和中国－喜马拉雅分布式之间替代。     

论中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区乌头属植物地理分布特点

本文对乌头属Aconitum L．植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析,统计了各地区不 同等级分类群的频度,认为中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区是乌头属植物地理分布最大的频度中心、 多样性中心和特有种的分布中心。 文中还讨论了乌头属内的演化关系,以及本属与邻近属的 系统发育关系,发现在中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区既有许多原始类群,又有大量的进化类群,提出 了本亚区不但是本属植物原始类群的保存中心,而且是活跃的分化中心。产生上述结果的原因可能与喜马拉雅山脉的抬升以及本亚区复杂的自然条件有着密切的关系。     

苹果和木瓜的异属嫁接

苹果(Malus. pumila)和木瓜(Chaenomeles)为蔷薇科仁果类的不同属植物。一般来说,异属嫁接由于砧穗的亲缘关系较远,难于成活。但也有一些植物能够正常生长,开花结实。位于云南省西北部、西部的丽江、迪庆、怒江、保山等地区分布着许多以木瓜作砧木的苹果树,当地俗弥“木瓜苹果”。作砧的木瓜属植物一般为毛叶木瓜(C. Cathyensis)、皱皮木瓜(C. Speciosa)野木瓜(C. sp. ),接穗是金冠、元帅等品种。冬、春季切接、劈接或腹接,容易成活。     

苦槛蓝属植物的用途

多年来澳大利亚独有的植物群已引起人们广泛的注意,但涉及到当地土著居民对植物的利用及其可能的用途方面的报道则比较少。苦槛蓝科（Myoporaceao）是一个较小的科,目前只包括3个属：沙漠木属（EremoPhila）,苦槛蓝底（MyoPorum）和BontiaL。许多苦槛蓝属植物是直立的木质灌木或小树,如M．montanum和M．Pfatycarpum。而有一些则是低矮而舒展开的。这一属的植物质地强壮、耐干旱、严寒等。当地的土著居民和早期的欧州移民有效地将这些灌木用于民俗文化、食物和医药方面。本文着重研究苦槛蓝属植物的用途、园艺栽培的可能性、及作植物…     

我国金银花资源及其利用

金银花是中医临床常用中药,其有关记载最早见于《名医别录》,说明其药用历史已长达1000余年。虽然历代本草对金银花原植物均有描述,但限于当时的科学水平,这些描述都很粗略,现在看来忍冬科忍冬属中多种植物的外部形态特征做与其相符。正是由于这一历史原因,目前许多忍冬属植物的花蕾都被用作金银花。本文就全国用作金银花的植物资源及其开发利用前景作一综述,供参考。     

楝科植物柠檬素类化合物杀虫活性研究的新进展(英文)

植物中的次生代谢物是植物性杀虫剂的活性有效成分。关于来自楝科植物的柠檬素类化合物杀虫活性的研究近年来又有了新进展。这些化合物对许多种重要害虫具有驱避、拒食、毒杀、抑制生长发育等活性。来自楝属、印楝局的植物在杀虫活性、有活性种类数量方面高于其它属,米仔兰属、鹧鸪花属和香椿属的植物也有较高的杀虫活性。柠檬素类化合物的杀虫作用机制在本文中也做了综述。     

媒介昆虫与植物病毒互作研究进展

植物病毒大多借助媒介昆虫进行传播。植物病毒与媒介昆虫的互作关系研究是当今媒介生物学和生态学领域的前沿课题,也是寻找植物病毒有效防控途径的重要基础。本文主要概述了近十年来,包括呼肠孤病毒科Reoviridae、双生病毒科Geminiviridae、纤细病毒属Tenuivirus、番茄斑萎病毒属Tospovirus,、等多个科、属的植物病毒与其特异的媒介昆虫间的互作研究进展,探讨了昆虫传播植物病毒的机制以及昆虫对病毒入侵的响应机制,解析了植物病毒-媒介昆虫的互作关系,提出了未来研究发展的方向。     

贵州玉舍国家森林公园种子植物区系研究

玉舍国家森林公园位于贵州西部的六盘水市水城县南部。根据多年的考察、鉴定、资料整理和统计,有种子植物122科373属923种。通过对该区种子植物属的区系分析结果:有14个分布区类型17个变型。热带分布属105属,占总属数的30.97%,温带分布属223属,占总属数的65.78%。显示了该区温带成分的特性。植物区系成分复杂,起源古老,分布有许多单型属和古老的孑遗植物,共有珍稀植物19种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,国家二级保护植物8种,国家三级保护植物3种,尚未列入保护等级的有6种。     

中国秋海棠属植物的传统利用

秋海棠属植物除了具有较高的观赏价值外,在中国还作为药用、食用、饮料和饲料等被利用。本文应用民族植物学研究方法,通过野外调查、文献和标本收集整理和研究,共记载了中国产26种秋海棠属植物被作为药用、食用、饮料和饲料加以利用。在所记载的26种国产秋海棠属植物中,有24种作药用,8种作食用(蔬菜)或饮料,5种作饲料。3种作饮料的种类在其自然分布地被广泛利用。9种秋海棠作为多种用途加以利用,其中8种既被作为药用、食用和饮料,也被作为饲料加以利用。本研究还表明,国产秋海棠属植物中,有些种类由于过度采集利用或其它因素已变得稀有或濒危。由此提出,合理开发利用和有效保护应成为今后中国秋海棠属植物研究的重要内容。     

Phytochemical profiling of New and Old World Hypericum (St. John's Wort) species

Botanical extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (common St. John's Wort) are used in the USA and in Europe as a treatment for mild to moderate depression, although controversy surrounds the identity of the active constituent(s). RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection was used to separate and quantify nine compounds of pharmacological interest in extracts from 74 taxa of Hypericum native to the Old and New World. Chemical profiles of these constituents may be used to distinguish extracts of H. perforatum from those of other species of Hypericum, and to indicate species that may be of interest for further phytochemical investigation.     

NO对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素生物合成的促进作用研究

一氧化氮 (NO)是近年来发现的一种新型植物信号分子。以硝普钠 (Sodiumnitroprusside ,SNP)为一氧化氮 (NO)的供体 ,研究外源NO对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素生物合成的影响。试验结果表明 ,金丝桃悬浮细胞在含 0 5和 15 0mmol LSNP的培养基中培养 2 0d后 ,细胞的干重分别为对照组的 140%和50% ;细胞中金丝桃素的含量分别为对照组的 98%和210%。试验结果表明 ,低浓度SNP处理有利于金丝桃悬浮细胞生长 ,而高浓度SNP可以促进金丝桃素的合成。在细胞培养初期 (0d)加入 0.5mmol LSNP并在指数生长后期 (14d)加入15.0mmol LSNP的金丝桃悬浮细胞在培养 2.5d后 ,细胞的干重和金丝桃素的含量分别为对照组的1.4和1.8倍 ,金丝桃素的产量达15.2mg/L ,比对照高3.2倍。SNP对金丝桃悬浮细胞生长及金丝桃素含量的影响可以被NO专一性淬灭剂CPITO(2-4-carboxyphenyl-4 ,4 ,5 ,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)所抑制,说明SNP是通过其分解产物NO影响细胞生长和金丝桃素的合成。试验结果同时表明,在15.0mmol/L的SNP处理下,金丝桃悬浮细胞中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性显著升高,推测NO可能通过触发金丝桃悬浮细胞的防卫反应,激活了细胞中金丝桃素的生物合成途径。     

用贯叶金丝桃残渣栽培香菇的研究

用提取金丝桃素后的贯叶金丝桃残渣和锯木屑作培养基分别栽培香菇 ,比较了由两种培养基栽培香菇的生物学效率、香菇的可溶性蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力。结果表明 :用贯叶金丝桃残渣栽培的香菇有较高的生物学效率、其香菇可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活力亦高 ,说明贯叶金丝桃残渣适合栽培香菇 ,为栽培香菇开发了一种新的生物资源。     

Analysis of the thrips fauna (Thysanoptera) on flowers of herbs

Studies of Thysanoptera were realized at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Mydlniki near Cracow over the years 2003-2005. This research work covers the observations of the species composition of thrips and the periods of the occurrence of the particulars species of thrips and their numerousness. The thrips were collected from flowers of Valeriana officinalis L., Hypericum perforatum L. and Levisticum officinale Koch. Following thrips species dominated samples collected directly from plants: Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Thrips fuscipennis Haliday, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and Thrips major Uzel. The greatest number of thrips was noticed during flowering period on Valeriana officinalis L., and Hypericum perforatum L.     

Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species

Hypericin and pseudohypericin were found in 27 of the 36 evaluated species from Hypericum L., belonging to 17 sections of the genus. Pseudohypericin is reported by us in 15 taxa for the first time. Most of the species contained both components and the amount of pseudohypericin usually exceeded that of hypericin. In H. hirsutum and H. empetrifolium only hypericin was found, whereas H. formosissimum yielded pseudohypericin only. The total content of hypericins varied widely from 0.009% in H. empetrifolium to 0.512% in H. boissieri and the largest amounts were established in taxa of sections Drosocarpium, Hypericum and Thasia. The distribution of hypericin and pseudohypericin in Hypericum species has an important taxonomic value for infrageneric classification of the genus. These components were not found in the primitive sections Ascyreia, Androsaemum, Inodora, Roscyna, Bupleuroides and Spachium but occur widely in Hypericum, Adenosepalum and the sections from Olympia group. Although the genera of subfamily Hypericoideae are characterized by the presence of anthrone derivatives, condensed anthrones such as hypericin and pseudohypericin have not been found in these genera and the remaining subfamilies of the Guttiferae.     

正交设计优选贯叶连翘中总黄酮提取工艺

本文采用正交设计实验,对影响贯叶连翘总黄酮提取工艺的因素进行了系统考察。结果发现,以总黄酮得率作为考察指标,影响贯叶连翘总黄酮提取的主次因素为:溶媒种类>提取时间>提取次数>溶剂用量,其中溶媒种类、提取时间、提取次数均对总黄酮的提取有显著性影响;贯叶连翘中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:用10倍量80%乙醇提取3次,每次1h。建立了以UV法测定贯叶连翘中总黄酮的含量方法。     

Comparative anatomy of secretory structures of leaves in Hypericum L.

The structure, type, morphology and location of secretory structures in leaves of 43 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety of 9 sections in Hypericum L. were comparatively studied using tissue clearing, paraffin sectioning and thin sectioning. The results have shown that the presence of secretory structures is a common feature of leaves in this genus. According to their anatomical characteristics, the secretory structures can be divided into nodules, secretory cavities (canals) and tiny secretory tubes. In their distribution in leaves the nodules fall into two types: the leaf edge type and the scattered type. According to the location of cavities in the cross sections of leaves, the cavities can be divided into 4 types: the median type which is situated between the palisade tissue and spongy tissue, the palisade tissue type, the spongy tissue type and the across-mesophyll type. Based on the location of cavities and nodules in leaves, the species in Hypericum can be divided into 3 groups: group Ⅰ , in which only cavities are present; group Ⅱ, in which only nodules are present; group Ⅲ, in which both cavities and nodules are present. The type, location, distribution density and morphology of secretory structures are of some taxonomic value at the level of species and of section in Hypericum L. From these observations, the evolutionary trends concerning the morphology and anatomy of secretory structures and the affinity among sections in the genus Hypericum ate dis-cussed.     

Study of the Chemical Constituents in Hypericum attenuatum Chois

Four crystalline components had been isolated from Hypericum attenuatum Chins., which is wild plant in Hulun Buir Meng of Nei Monggol Zizhiqu. On the basis of spectral analysis, hydrolyzed acid, the prepared derivatives, and the pysico-chemical constants crystalline Ⅰ, Ⅱ of components had been identified as hyperin (hyperoside) and quercetin respectively, crystalline Ⅲ identified with chromatograph is chlorogenic acid with a few impurity. The component Ⅳ is a flavonoid compound too, but it is not identified. The average of the contents of flavonoid in the whole herb is 1.67%, but the contents of flavonoids in the different organs as the flower, the fruit, the leaf and the stem are quite different. The content in the leaf is highest, that in the reproductive organs is secondary and that in the stem is lowest. The resources of Hypericum attenuatum Chois., are abundant in nature. The content of flavonoids in Hypericum attenuatum Chois. is higher. Its pharmacological function is extensive. Therefore, it is a kind of medicinal herb worthily for further study.     

Morphology and development of secretory structures in Hypericum perforatum and H. richeri

Secretory organs are a specialised anatomical feature of plants, these tissues function in the production and/or storage of specific chemical substances, which often have pharmacological properties. The genus Hypericum is characterised by the presence of specialised secretory structures such as black nodules, translucent glands and secretory canals. The presence of these structures is not homogeneous for all the species or between the various floral and vegetative parts of the plants. In this study, we have compared the distributions, morphology and development of secretory structures in the leaves of H. perforatum and H. richeri. Whilst, black nodules occurred in both species, translucent glands followed different development stages depending on the leaf age.     

A method for detecting the biosystematic significance of the essential oil composition: The case of five Hellenic Hypericum L. species

We examined the importance of the constitutive terpenoids of five species of Hypericum native to the Greek mainland, Crete Island and the west Aegean. The species studied are Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. (sect. Coridium Spach), Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis Robson & Strid, Hypericum perfoliatum L. (sect. Drosocarpium Spach), Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra and Hypericum perforatum L. (sect. Hypericum, subsect. Hypericum [Robson, N.K.B., 2001. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae). 4 (1). Sections 7. Roscyna to 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 1). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 31, 37–88]). Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) on 98 of the most abundant terpenoids was found to achieve a separation of species. The performed phylogenetic reconstruction supports the existing divisions of Hypericum in taxonomic sections. Other multivariate techniques were also investigated such as principal coordinate analysis and principal component analysis, but these were found inferior to CDA. These analyses transformed the data in such a way that they did not sufficiently account for the entire terpenoid variation, nor did they delineate species in accepted taxonomic sections.