旋毛虫在小鼠体内发育及T淋巴细胞亚群变化的动态观察

目的观察IL-2对感染旋毛虫小鼠免疫功能的影响及旋毛虫在小鼠体内的发育。方法小鼠感染旋毛虫后,分别采用ELISA和流式细胞仪检测小鼠不同时期外周血中IL-2含量、CD4^＋及CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的百分率。取小鼠不同部位肌肉观察旋毛虫的发育和分布。结果小鼠感染旋毛虫后1～5周IL-2的含量较正常组明显增加。小鼠感染旋毛虫后1～6周,CD4^＋T细胞较正常组明显减少,CD8^＋T淋巴细胞明显增多,CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显下降。旋毛虫幼虫主要分布在小鼠的膈肌,其次为咬肌,舌肌最少。结论IL-2对感染旋毛虫小鼠早期具有一定的免疫抑制作用,小鼠感染旋毛虫后21d即可检出旋毛虫,35～42d密度达最高。     

橙皮苷对小鼠抗氧化作用及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

目的探讨橙皮苷(HDN)对机体抗氧化作用的影响。方法采用分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和Fe2+-邻二氮菲法检测HDN体外清除自由基、抑制线粒体肿胀和红细胞氧化溶血;实验小鼠灌服不同浓度HDN(0、80、160、320 mg/kg)连续12 d,ELISA和分光光度法检测小鼠组织中MDA含量,抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)活力,RT-PCR技术分析抗氧化物酶mRNA表达水平。结果与对照组比较,HDN组自由基(·OH、O2-·、DPPH·)清除率明显提高,小鼠红细胞体外氧化溶血和线粒体肿胀显著降低;小鼠组织及血清中MDA含量降低,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力明显高于对照组,组织中抗氧化酶mRNA(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)表达上调。结论 HDN能够清除自由基,降低自由基引起的细胞氧化损伤,抑制过氧化物生成,上调抗氧化酶基因表达及提高酶活力,呈现良好的抗氧化作用。     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠视网膜组织结构及抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠视网膜组织结构及抗氧化能力的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30d,观察小鼠视网膜结构的变化,检测视网膜铅含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后视网膜总厚度、外核层厚度及其细胞数量、内核层厚度及其细胞数量增加,视网膜铅含量下降,SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能影响视网膜结构及抗氧化能力,阻止铅对视网膜的毒性。     

黄精多糖对力竭训练小鼠肝组织损伤的保护作用

通过观察小鼠力竭训练后血ALT、AST,肝组织抗氧化指标、一氧化氮系统及ATP酶生化指标,探讨黄精多糖对小鼠运动性肝组织损伤的保护作用。研究以昆明雄性小鼠30只为研究对象,适应游泳训练后,随机分为3组(每组10只):安静组、运动组、对照组,除安静组外,运动组、运动给药组进行20 d,隔天一次的一次性力竭游泳训练,运动给药组小鼠灌服150 g/kg·d黄精多糖,其他两组小鼠灌服同体积的生理盐水。测定小鼠血清ALT、AST,肝组织MDA、GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、NO、总NOS、iNOS、eNOS、Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP。测定结果显示:运动组与安静组比较,ALT、AST、MDA、NO、总NOS、iNOS升高,GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP降低;运动给药组与运动组相比,ALT、AST、MDA、NO、总NOS、iNOS降低,GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP升高。研究提示:黄精多糖能抑制过度训练引起的肝组织自由基增多,提高抗氧化酶的活性,通过调节i NOS、e NOS的活性,平衡NO的生成量,提高Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP活性,保持较高的能量供给,维持细胞内外Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的正常分布与运转,对运动性肝组织伤有一定的保护作用。     

甘草黄酮对长期大强度运动小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

为了探讨甘草黄酮对长期大强度运动小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用机制。本研究选用50只昆明雄性小鼠为研究对象,以每组10只分组,分为安静对照组(A组)、运动训练组(B组)、运动低剂量给药组(C组)、运动中剂量给药组(D组)、以及运动高剂量给药组(E组)。运动低剂量给药组(C组)、运动中剂量给药组(D组)、运动高剂量给药组(E组)训练前分别灌服剂量为5 g/kg/d、10 g/kg/d、15 g/kg/d黄酮溶液;除安静对照组外,运动组小鼠进行为期6周的大强度游泳训练。测定小鼠各组小鼠血清CK-MB、c Tn I,心肌组织中GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、MDA、NOS、NO、Na+/K+-ATP、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP。结果表明:与安静对照组比较,运动训练组CK-MB、c Tn I、MDA、NO、NOS升高,GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、Na+/K+-ATP、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP降低。与运动训练组比较,运动低剂量给药组、运动中剂量给药组、运动高剂量给药组CK-MB、c Tn I、MDA、NO、NOS降低,GSH-PX、SOD、CAT、Na+/K+-ATP、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP升高;与运动低剂量给药组比较,运动高剂量给药组CK-MB、c Tn I、GSH-Px、SOD、Na+/K+-ATP、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP升高,MDA降低。本研究提示,长期大强度运动导致机体心肌损伤,甘草黄酮可提高机体心肌组织中抗氧酶、ATPase酶的活性,抑制自由基生成、NOS活性,减少NO的生成,维持细胞膜内外Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的分布平衡,对大强度运动造成的心肌损伤具有保护作用,效果以高剂量黄酮最佳。     

旋毛虫病鼠心肌XOD,MDA及GSH变化的实验研究

小鼠感染旋毛虫后心肌ＸＯＤ及ＭＤＡ随感染时间的延长逐渐升高,二者分别从第７ｄ和第１４ｄ起含量明显高于正常组（ｔ＜０．０５～０．０１）,血清ＭＤＡ于感染后第１４ｄ最高（ｐ〈０．０１）到第３０ｄ稍有回降。表明：小鼠感染旋毛虫后心肌自由基产生随进入心肌旋毛虫毒素的增加或进入人心肌幼虫的增多而增加,可能是导致旋毛虫性心肌病变的主要原因。小鼠心肌ＧＳＨ除第３０ｄ明显高于正常组,余者升高不明显;血清ＧＳＨ于感染后３ｄ明显升高,第７、１４ｄ尤其是第３０ｄ较前者有所回降（但仍高于正常组）。我们推测小鼠感染旋毛虫后组织及血清中ＧＳＨ可能主要来自于虫体,即旋毛虫抵抗宿主感染期间释放自由基时可以产生ＧＳＨ。这一结果将为进一步了旋毛虫性心肌炎的致病机理及虫体逃避宿主效应与提高宿主抗旋毛虫的感染机制提供资料。     

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物对剑尾鱼肝脏抗氧化物酶活性的影响

目的研究全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)暴露对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri Heckel)抗氧化物酶活性的影响,探讨PFOS对鱼类的致毒机理。方法使用浸润法以3.5、7.0、14.0和28.0 mg/L四个PFOS浓度为剑尾鱼染毒,定量测定了96 h内肝脏组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果 PFOS暴露12 h后,除28.0 mg/L组SOD活性被显著性抑制外,其余各组与对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05);7.0 mg/L组和14.0 mg/L组在24 h被极显著诱导(P<0.01),并且一直保持至96 h。CAT活性随PFOS浓度的升高而降低,12 h时,除3.5 mg/L组外,其余各组CAT活性被显著或极显著抑制,至24 h时,各组CAT活性有上升趋势,但48 h后,各组呈不断下降趋势持续至96 h,其CAT活性恢复到12 h水平。GSH-PX活性变化与CAT活性变化趋势相似,其中28.0 mg/L组在不同时间均被显著性抑制,并在96 h时抑制率达到最高值64.8%。MDA含量在12 h时呈小幅下降趋势,但随着暴露时间的延长,各处理组MDA含量呈连续上升趋势,并在96 h时达到最高点,诱导率分别为71.2%、70.1%和85.1%。结论结果表明,SOD的高活性是由于机体中超氧阴离子的存在,而高浓度的超氧阴离子能够灭活CAT和GSH-PX活性,因此,CAT和GSH-PX活性始终低于对照组。GSH-PX对PFOS的敏感性高于CAT。MDA含量持续升高反映出细胞组织已经遭受到氧化损伤。剑尾鱼活体的实验表明,PFOS能够诱导肝脏氧化应激反应,氧化损伤是PFOS致毒的主要途径之一。     

地鳖多肽提取物的抗氧化衰老机制

目的探讨地鳖多肽（ESW polypeptide）提取物抗氧化衰老机制的研究。方法小鼠连续腹腔注射D-半乳糖20 d,建立衰老模型,同时小鼠灌服不同剂量地鳖多肽提取物每日（0、40、80、160 mg/kg）,观察小鼠的正常活动、运动和耐应激能力。分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、分光光度法检测小鼠血液和不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活力,以及丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量;免疫荧光法检测细胞核转录因子2（Nrf2）在Caco-2细胞的表达。结果与对照和多肽组比较,衰老组小鼠体重增重缓慢、组织脏器系数降低、运动时间缩短、抗应激能力降低、组织中抗氧化酶活力降低。随着地鳖多肽剂量增加,多肽组小鼠体重增加明显,肝脏、脾脏和肾脏指数增加显著,小鼠静力和动力运动时间明显延长,小鼠耐缺氧、耐高温和运动时间延长并接近对照组,血液和不同组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力及GSH含量显著提高,但MDA含量降低。与对照组比较,地鳖多肽组Caco-2细胞核内Nrf2表达量明显增加,接近阳性对照组。结论地鳖多肽可能通过启动Nrf2-ARE抗氧化信号通路,提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗应激和抗氧化能力,从而延缓小鼠氧化衰老。     

二氢卟吩e6对小鼠艾氏移植瘤的声动力杀伤作用

目的通过研究聚焦超声结合二氢卟吩e6（chlorine e6,Ce6）对小鼠艾氏移植瘤的抑制效果,初步探讨其杀伤艾氏移植瘤的生物学机制。方法 测定不同处理对艾氏移植瘤小鼠肿瘤组织的生长抑制作用;利用酶化学方法检测处理后肿瘤组织内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-PX）和过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活性的变化,利用硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛（malonaldehyde,MDA）活力。结果单纯Ce6处理没有抑瘤效应;单纯超声处理对肿瘤有一定程度的抑制作用,且具有强度依赖性;强度为4、6 W/cm2的超声结合浓度为10 mg/kg的Ce6具有显著抑瘤效应。肿瘤组织内SOD、GSH-PX、CAT 3种酶活性均有不同程度下降,肿瘤组织内MDA水平显著性升高。结论超声结合Ce6对小鼠艾氏移植瘤的杀伤作用可能与移植瘤组织中抗氧化物酶活性降低、丙二醛水平升高有关。     

肠淋巴途径对休克大鼠心肌自由基、炎性介质的影响

目的：观察结扎肠系膜淋巴管对重症失血性休克大鼠不同时期心肌自由基、炎症介质的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠78只,分为假手术组、休克组、结扎组。休克组与结扎组复制重症失血性休克模型,结扎组于休克复苏后行肠系膜淋巴管结扎术。于休克后90min、输液复苏后0h、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h等时间点处死大鼠,制备心肌组织匀浆,检测MDA、SOD、TNFα、IL-6、NO、NOS以及MPO水平,RT—PCR方法测定心肌组织iNOS mRNA表达。结果：休克组大鼠输液复苏后多个时间点心肌匀浆MDA、TNFα、IL-6、MPO、NO、NOS和iNOS mRNA表达均有不同程度的升高,3h-12h持续在较高水平,均显著高于假手术组,心肌匀浆SOD活性显著低于假手术组：结扎组多个时间点心肌匀浆MDA、TNFα、IL-6、MPO、NO、NOS以及iNOS mRNA显著低于休克组相应时间点,SOD活性高于休克组相应时间点。结论：肠系膜淋巴管结扎阻断肠淋巴液回流,可减少心肌PMN扣押、降低TNFα、IL-6的释放、抑制NO生成及iNOS mRNA表达、减少自由基释放与SOD消耗。     

Schistosome antigen gp50 is responsible for serological cross-reactivity with Trichinella spiralis.

The 50-kDa component (gp50) present in Schistosoma mansoni eggs and secretions of the various life stages of the parasite was recognized by experimentally infected mice and by humans with S. mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum infection. All sera reacting with crude S. mansoni-soluble egg antigens (SEA) also reacted strongly with gp50 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No reactivity against gp50 was seen with sera from individuals without schistosomiasis, with the exception of sera from patients with Trichinella spiralis infection. All of 10 sera from patients with trichinellosis also reacted with schistosomes by immunofluorescence essentially recognizing testes, ovaries, ootype epithelium and ducts of the reproductive system. Cross-reacting antigens were seen in T. spiralis hypodermis, stichocytes and possibly germinal primordia using anti-gp50 monoclonal antibodies and anti-gp50-positive schistosomiasis patient sera. The results suggest that the anti-gp50 antibody response constitutes a significant part of the anti-SEA antibody response in infected individuals and is a major reason for the previously recognized serological cross-reactivity between T. spiralis and schistosome species.     

Trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem: transmission in the rat population

Four hundred forty-three Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were examined to determine their role in the transmission and maintenance of Trichinella spiralis on a pig farm. Rats, classified by sex and weight, were examined for trichinellosis by peptic digestion of muscle samples. Over a 25-mo period, 188 (42.4%) rats were found to be infected with T. spiralis. The mean intensity of infection was 293.2 larvae per gram (LPG) of muscle; 65 (34.6%) infected rats had intensities of infection greater than 100 LPG. Even in the absence of a known source of infected meat (garbage containing meat scraps or dead animals), the rat population maintained the infection, probably through cannibalism. Population reduction was an effective method for reducing the prevalence of infection within the rat population. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of transmission of T. spiralis between rats and swine, it is essential that rat populations in a farmyard environment be controlled.     

Trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem: transmission under natural and experimentally modified on-farm conditions

A hog found infected with Trichinella spiralis at slaughter was traced to its farm of origin, where an epidemiological investigation found the infection prevalent in swine and rats. Garbage-feeding was not responsible for maintaining the high prevalence of infection on this farm, although it may have been responsible historically for the introduction of the infection. Poor husbandry, malnutrition, and intercurrent disease resulted in frequent death and the availability of porcine carcasses for cannibalism. Tissue samples from partly devoured carcasses contained T. spiralis larvae, implicating cannibalism as a major vehicle for the spread of T. spiralis in the herd. Rats also fed on these carcasses, and their rate of infection increased markedly during the first 5 mo of observation. Experimental investigation indicated that rats could also be important in maintaining a high prevalence of infection in swine. For the purpose of our investigation, the farm was depopulated of swine and restocked with parasite-free, sentinel pigs confined in 3 groups exposed to increasing degrees of contact with rats. Pigs exposed to large numbers of rats acquired infections rapidly, whereas pigs with strongly limited rat exposure failed to acquire infection during a 12-mo period. These results indicate that, when rats are available to swine and the prevalence of T. spiralis infection in the former is high, predation (or scavenging) on rats may be as effective as cannibalism in maintaining a high prevalence of porcine T. spiralis infection.     

Trichinella spiralis: recognition of muscle larva antigens during experimental infection of swine and its potential use in diagnosis

Longitudinal studies with Trichinella spiralis experimentally infected pigs were carried out to identify muscle larva antigens recognized during infection. This was approached using Western blot analysis and ELISA assays. Immunoblots of sera from experimentally infected pigs using total parasite extracts revealed five principal parasite antigens throughout infection. A similar pattern of antigen recognition was given by sera from backyard pigs in areas of Mexico, some of them endemic for Trichinella. Four of the five antigens recognized (MW 47, 52, 67, and 72 kDa) corresponded to surface/stichosomal antigens purified by monoclonal antibody NIM-M1. In addition, Western blots of excretions-secretions of muscle larva contained three (MW 52, 67, and 72 kDa) of the four surface/stichosomal components recognized by NIM-M1. Affinity-purified surface/stichosomal components, total soluble extracts, and excretory-secretory antigens of muscle larva were then evaluated in ELISA for detection of T. spiralis infections in experimentally infected, noninfected control, and 295 backyard pigs. These assays showed that purified surface/stichosomal components and excretory-secretory antigens increased the specificity of ELISA. These results suggest that muscle larva components purified by monoclonal antibody NIM-M1 are the major antigens recognized during infection of pigs with T. spiralis and therefore potentially useful for diagnosis of swine trichinellosis.     

Trichinella spiralis: modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats

Helminth infection has a potent systemic immunomodulatory effect on the host immune response, which also affects the development of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the dose-dependent influence of Trichinella spiralis infection on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our model of concomitant T. spiralis infection and EAE demonstrates that established infection of Dark Agouti (DA) rats with the parasite causes amelioration of the clinical course of induced EAE in a dose-dependent way. Infection with T. spiralis L1 stage muscle larvae (TSL1) reduced the severity of the autoimmune disease as judged by lower maximal clinical score, cumulative index, duration of illness and degree of mononuclear cell infiltration in T. spiralis infected animals compared to control, EAE-induced group. This study provides a valuable model of worm infection to investigate helminth-induced regulatory mechanisms for optimal benefit to the host.     

The effect of thyroxine administration on lipid peroxidation in different tissues of rats with hypothyroidism

Thyroid dysfunctions bring about pathological changes in different organs of the body. Findings obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies point out that thyroid hormones have a strong impact on oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to demonstrate how high-dose thyroxin administration for one week affected oxidative damage formed in experimental hypothyroidism. The study was carried out with 30 Spraque-Dawley species male rats. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups (Group 1, control; Group 2, hypothyroidism; Group 3, hypothyroidism + thyroxine administration). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in cerebral, hepatic and cardiac tissues after the experimental period. MDA and GSH levels in cerebral, hepatic and cardiac tissues of hypothyroidism + thyroxine supplemented group were higher than those in the control and hypothyroidism groups (p<0.001). The same parameters were higher in the control group than those in the hypothyroidism group (p<0.001). The results of the present study show that hypothyroidism reduced the oxidative damage in cerebral, hepatic and cardiac tissues of rats. However, high-dose thyroxine administration in addition to induced hypothyroidism increased oxidative damage in the same tissues and that this damage could not be prevented despite the increase in the antioxidant system activity.     

Trichinella spiralis: infection changes serum paraoxonase-1 levels, lipid profile, and oxidative status in rats

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme with anti-atherogenic properties. Reduced PON1 activity has previously been observed in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats. However, the effect of chronic zoonotic nematode infections on serum PON1 activity has not yet been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on serum PON1 activity, the lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats. There were significant reductions in serum PON1 activities (Day 2-Week 7 post-infection) in rats infected with T. spiralis, and these reductions were associated with significant increases in the serum levels of triglyceride and LDL/VLDL, as well as a significant reduction in the level of HDL. Moreover, T. spiralis infection was associated with a status of oxidative stress indicated by increased concentrations of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Given the zoonotic prevalence of T. spiralis and the cardioprotective role of PON1, further mechanistic research in this area is warranted.     

Immunodiagnosis of human trichinellosis using excretory-secretory (ES) antigen.

Infective first stage larvae of Trichinella spiralis were recovered from muscles of laboratory infected mice by digesting the muscles with 1% HC1-1% pepsin and collecting the larvae by modified Baerman's method. The larvae were cultivated in a serum-free medium for 18 h. The ES antigen obtained from the culture medium was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting IgG antibodies to T. spiralis in serum samples collected from three groups of individuals. The individuals of the first group were parasitologically confirmed trichinellosis patients, while those of group 2 were patients with other helminthiasis and group 3 were healthy, parasite-free individuals. The specificity of the assay was 100%. The sensitivity of the test was also 100% when performed on sera of group 1 collected at days 57 and 120 after infection. Sera collected earlier (day 23) and those collected 700 days after infection had negligible reactivity. Thus IgG-ELISA using ES antigen of the L1 was useful not only for diagnosis but also in evaluation of cure. Western blot analysis revealed that specific antigens of T. spiralis were 94, 67, 63, and 39 kilodalton components.     

The effect of the expulsion phase of Trichinella spiralis on Hymenolepis diminuta infection in rats.

The effect of the intestinal changes brought about by the expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in rats was studied in relation to the growth and survival of a concurrent infection with Hymenolepis diminuta, a cestode not normally rejected by the rat in low-level infections. Growth of H. diminuta was stunted in rats given T. spiralis just before, or after, infection with H. diminuta, the stunting being more pronounced when the cestode was given closer to the period of inflammation. There was no loss of the cestode from dual-infected rats and no evidence for destrobilation was found. Lower T. spiralis burdens had a correspondingly weaker effect on growth of H. diminuta, and stunting was abolished by administration of the anti-inflammatory drug cortisone acetate. It is concluded that the stunting of H. diminuta is probably due to the non-specific inflammatory component of the rat's response to T. spiralis infection.     

Comparison of cholinesterase activities in the excretion-secretion products of Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae

The presence of cholinesterases (ChE) is reported in T. pseudospiralis excretion-secretion products (ESP) by spectrophotometric method, using acetylthiocholine (ATCI) and butyrilthiocholine (BTCI) as substrates. By inhibition assays, we found that T. pseudospiralis release both acetyl- and butiryl-cholinesterases (AchE and BchE, respectively). The sedimentation coefficientes of these enzymes were determined by sucrose density gradient. We studied the in vivo ChE secretion by immunoblot assays using AchE from Electrophorus (electric eel) and sera from normal or infected mice with T. pseudospiralis or T. spiralis. The presence of anti-AchE antibodies was only demonstrated in the sera from T. pseudospiralis infected mice. Moreover the in vivo secretion was corroborated by the high difference determinate between the ChE activity of the immuno complexes from T. pseudospiralis infected sera and the immunocomplexes from T. spiralis infected sera as well as normal sera. Finally, we analyzed the effect of the organophosphate Neguvón (metrifonate) on the ChE activity from the T. pseudospiralis ESP. The drug inhibits in part this activity. Moreover Neguvón (metrifonate) showed a high activity against the T. pseudospiralis viability.