自体荧光技术在早期肠癌诊断中的应用

自体荧光技术以无损、实时、灵敏度高等优点已成为早期肠癌诊断应用的技术之一。本文总结了自体荧光光谱技术在早期肠癌诊断应用中的研究进展,重点阐述了荧光激发波长的选择,荧光光谱数据处理方法,以及正常和癌变肠道组织光谱差异的来源。在分析肠道组织中内源性荧光物质及其分布的基础上,回顾了自体荧光成像系统的临床应用进展。最后指出自体荧光光谱与成像技术在早期肠癌诊断中的应用和发展趋势。     

利用超快时间分辨技术对光系统Ⅱ核心天线CP43和CP47的动力学荧光光谱的分析

采用超快时间分辨荧光光谱装置对光系统Ⅱ核心天线CP43和CP47进行了研究 ,并在 5 14.5nm激光激发下获得了它们的动力学荧光光谱。CP43和CP47的荧光光谱范围分别为 6 40～ 780nm和 6 30～ 775nm ,并且它们分别在约 6 80nm和 6 91nm处有最大峰 ,在这两个峰值处的荧光寿命分别约为 3.5 4ns和 3.2 2ns。通过理论计算认为在CP43和CP47中 ,叶绿素a的荧光发射效率分别约为 38.3%和 40 .6 %。讨论了类胡萝卜素到叶绿素a分子的能量传递 ,认为在CP43和CP47中 ,类胡萝卜素到叶绿素a分子的能量传递时间常数分别为 9.6× 10 11s-1和 1.3× 10 12s-1,能量传递效率分别为 47.5 %和 6 6 .5 % ,并且估计在这两种核心天线中 ,类胡萝卜素分子和叶绿素a分子的外周间距分别约为 0 .110nm和 0 .0 85nm。     

超短脉冲技术测量癌细胞荧光光谱与荧光寿命

研究用于癌症诊断与治疗的光敏剂血卟啉（hematoporphyrin derivative,HPD）的超快光动力学过程,采用超短脉冲激光光谱技术和皮秒时间相关单光子计数系统,测量经血卟啉培养的活体癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线,并测量单一细胞内部不同位置的荧光寿命特性,观测到：癌细胞样品在645 nm处具有特有的光谱谱峰;癌细胞样品荧光寿命的快成分约150 ps慢成分约1200 ps,而正常细胞样品快成分约300 ps慢成分约2500 ps;癌细胞样品的荧光峰值强度经12小时衰减约10%,而正常细胞样品衰减约55%;在细胞内部荧光寿命300 ps的快成分十分显著,且中心部位血卟啉浓度最高.癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线相差十分明显,反映了癌细胞与正常细胞对血卟啉亲和特性有显著的差异,测量结果确认了荧光光谱技术诊断与治疗癌症的可行性,并对发展超短脉冲激光光谱技术早期诊断与治疗癌症具有重要的指导意义和临床应用价值.     

光系统Ⅱ捕光复合体飞秒时间分辨荧光特性的研究

采用时间分辨荧光光谱技术研究了菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）叶绿体叶捕光色素复合体（LHC Ⅱ）荧光的时间特性和光谱特性。用脉宽为120fs、波长为400nm的倍频钛宝石激光激发LHCⅡ样品;原始荧光信号由Boxcar采集,通过建立多指数模型,用非线性最小二乘法拟合,得到了激发能在LHCⅡ中传递的时间常数分别为：320fs、4.0ps和20.0ps。相对应的各组分荧光占总荧光的非分比分别为：3.4%、50.0%和46.6%。经全局分析,解得荧光强度随波长变化曲线;用高斯3峰解叠得到荧光光谱的峰值波长分别为：652nm、672nm和691nm。通过分析得出了时间常数与LHCⅡ中各色素成分之间的对应关系,并给出了可能的能量传递模型。     

不同激发波长的人体血清自体荧光光谱分析

利用分子荧光光度计测定了激发波长分别为457.9 nm,476.5 nm,488.0 nm,501.7 nm和514.5 nm光的血清自体荧光光谱,并对这些光谱的特征和产生机制进行了分析。实验和分析结果表明:在500 nm~750 nm的波长范围内,518 nm和640 nm附近有两个比较明显的荧光峰;590 nm处有一个非常弱的峰。它们可能主要来自于血清中胆红素,核黄素及其衍生物,β-胡萝卜素,锌卟啉及原卟啉IX等的贡献。这些研究结果将为利用氩离子激光器作为光源进行光谱诊断研究选择最佳激发波长提供一些参考。     

鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液的SERS光谱研究进展

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术对于人体细胞组织与血液的检测和研究,SERS光谱技术能够发现正常组织与病变组织的差异性,为医学临床上实现癌症的早期诊断提供了科学依据。由于鼻咽癌不具有明显的病变特征、病灶的位置难以通过常规医学手段检测。因此利用SERS光谱技术,应用于鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液的研究,可提高鼻咽癌患者的生存率。对鼻咽癌细胞组织与血液SERS光谱分析和诊断的探索研究,有助于SERS光谱技术发展成为一种在生物医学领域中的分析检测手段,在医学临床诊断上具有潜在的应用前景。     

血啉甲醚在鼻咽癌细胞中的浓度分布

利用激光诱导荧光方法实验测定了新型光敏剂血啉甲醚（Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether, HMME）在鼻咽癌细胞株CNE中的时间分布和浓度变化规律.实验结果表明,鼻咽癌细胞株CNE的荧光光谱中的两个特征峰615 nm和675 nm证实了鼻咽癌细胞对HMME的选择性特异吸收.HMME在鼻咽癌细胞中的潴留浓度在混合培养后的140分钟达到最大值.当用于培养鼻咽癌细胞的HMME药物浓度低于32 μg/ml时,测量得到的相对荧光光谱强度与HMME浓度呈现出很好的线性关系,通过拟合方程可以间接确定在给定注射剂量条件下鼻咽癌细胞中所潴留HMME的浓度.结果可以为HMME在光动力学诊断与治疗中的临床应用提供理论依据和剂量参考.     

去镁叶绿素置换细菌去镁叶绿素对紫细菌反应中心皮秒荧光的影响

选择597 nm作为激发波长,探测范围为600～900 nm的荧光特性,分析了天然反应中心和两种去镁叶绿素置换的紫细菌反应中心的荧光发射光谱.借助细菌叶绿素、细菌去镁叶绿素和植物去镁叶绿素的荧光光谱,对相关组分进行了归类.实验结果表明选择性地置换细菌去镁叶绿素影响了荧光光谱的组成.在天然反应中心、BpheB置换的反应中心和BpheA,B置换的反应中心中可分别解析到4、3和2个荧光发射组分.研究肯定荧光发射组分与去镁叶绿素的结合存在对应关系.实验还分别在686.4、674.1和681.1 nm处测定了不同反应中心内的原初电子供体P的激发态通过荧光衰减的过程,观测到衰减动力学上的差异.说明去镁叶绿素置换影响了细菌反应中心内激发光能传递和原初光化学反应过程.     

紫外激光消融主动脉斑块和感生荧光光谱观测

利用XeCI准分子激光辐照主动脉血管正常组织和斑块组织,观察到组织被激光消融。消融所产生的凹坑与辐射时间呈对数直线关系。308nm激光感生的血管壁荧光光谱在可见波段出现二个荧光极大值,用二极值的相对强度之比可以判断正常或斑块组织。     

低强度激光血管内照射治疗的机理初探

用532nm的激光作为激光光源分别测量正常血液、血浆及HBsAg阳性血液、血浆的荧光光谱。血液光谱的测量结果显示,两种血液樯本都在630nm及710nm附近出现有荧光峰值。从光谱学的角度分析,可得出激光照射血液治疗的内在机制在激光照射可增强血液的携氧能力,从而促进了机体的新陈代谢。血浆图谱测量结果显示,正常血浆及HBsAg阳性血浆在738nm处的荧光强度有显著差异,可作为临床光谱诊断中判断HBsAg阳性的标准和依据。对HBsAg阳性血液的生化检测结果显示,He-Ne激光照射可抑制或杀伤乙肝病毒。     

组织工程研究的进展

组织工程从提出到现在不过10年的历史,但在世界范围内引起高度重视,许多国家已将它列为“经济的新增长点”,投入了相当的人力和财力进行研究,成果斐然.我国也有相关的研究课题开始运行.第二届组织工程学会于1998年在美国召开,会上发表了组织工程的最新研究成果.作为抛砖引玉,总结了有关组织工程研究的进展,并提出保证工程组织的功能化是值得深入研究的问题.     

Intestinal canine pythiosis in Venezuela confirmed by serological and sequencing analysis

An 11-months-old mixed Terrier male originally from Venezuela, was referred to a Veterinary Hospital with signs of depression, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. The illness had begun 1 month earlier. Despite antibiotic chemotherapy and vitamins, the disease progressed. Radiological exams showed involvement of the small intestine. Histopathological studies of tissue samples taken during surgical intervention revealed eosinophilic areas in the center of which, abundant eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells were observed. Silver stained cross-sections of the small intestine showed slender sparsely septate hyphae within the necrotic areas. Attempts to isolate the etiologic agent in pure culture were fruitless. The dog died without a definitive diagnosis. Fixed tissue samples of the small intestine were later investigated using specific fluorescent antibodies for pythiosis and molecular tools. These exams indicated that the hyphae in the infected tissues belong to the straminipilan pathogen Pythium insidiosum. This is the first confirmed case of dog pythiosis in Venezuela.     

一种组织微阵列供体取样与受体蜡块制作的 新器具和新方法

发明一种组织微阵列供体取样与受体蜡块制作的新器具和新方法 . 利用这种新器具和新方法成功地制作了分别含 448 和 390 个供体组织点阵的组织微阵列受体蜡块和切片 . 这种新方法制作的组织微阵列切片经 H&E 染色,显微镜下观察证实,所有切片均无供体点阵组织脱落,切片厚度适中,组织结构无挤压变形,细胞形态均匀一致 . 免疫组化检测 P53 和 P16 蛋白在组织微阵列切片与其相应的常规组织切片中的表达结果完全一致 . 这种组织微阵列供体取样与受体蜡块制作新器具和新方法成本低廉,操作简便,具有在实验室推广应用的价值 .     

Fetal Tissue Banking for Transplantation: Characteristics of the Donor Population and Considerations for Donor and Tissue Screening

We initiated this study to evaluate the suitability for therapeutic use in transplantation of tissues obtained from human abortuses. We have developed protocols for the collection, handling and preservation of hepatic stem cells from electively aborted embryos and have developed methods for assessment of the cells so derived and processed. In this paper we present our findings regarding screening of potential donors, acquisition of fetal tissues, and assessment of the tissues for potentially infectious contaminants. We assess the suitability of the tissue donors according to current standards used for donors of commonly transplanted tissues (e.g., bone grafts, skin grafts and heart valves) and present data regarding the real availability of tissues from elective abortion procedures that would meet those standard tissue banking criteria.We specifically evaluated the donor's willingness to provide a blood sample for testing, conducted a detailed interview similar to those used for typical organ and tissue donors, and assessed the type and incidence of contamination in collected tissues. We find that although many women are willing to consent to use of the tissues for transplantation, attrition from the study for various reasons results in few fetal organs ultimately realistically available for transplantation. Typical reasons for attrition include: unwillingness to have a blood sample drawn or tested, positive serology results, social/medical high risk factors for acquisition of transmissible disease, no identifiable organs available, and unacceptable microbial contamination. Thus, although it might seem that due to the numbers of abortions performed annually, that there would be substantial numbers of suitable tissues available, only a small proportion are truly suitable for transplantation.     

Long-term storage of tissue samples for cell culture

Summary The establishment of cultured cell lines from skin biopsies stored at −196°C for periods up to 1 year has been investigated. Attempts to initiate cell cultures from the frozen tissue samples were uniformly successful. There was no alteration in chromosome constitution, morphological appearance, or specific activities of lysosomal enzymes in cells cultured from the stored samples. This process can safeguard against failure of the initial tissue culture and provide an alternate means of storing viable cells when it is impossible or impractical to initiate a cell culture immediately. This project was supported by the South Carolina Department of Mental Retardation and the Self Foundation.     

A scanning electron microscope study of healthy pecan tissues showing the presence or absence of internal fungal contamination

Summary Healthy pecan, Caryaillinoensis (Wang) Koch, tissue was obtained from an 8-year-old grafted Cherokee tree. Dormant buds were gathered and stored until spring growth. After rigorous surface sterilization, halves of both stored and freshly harvested dormant buds and of actively growing shoots were plated onto sterile PDA. Corresponding halves wre fixed in FAA and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All plated dormant buds (both stored and freshly harvested) showed presence internally of a fungus, and SEM studies revealed hyphalike strands similar to those of the isolated fungi within cells of those buds. The spring flush was sterile in culture, and strands were absent in SEM studies.     

组织工程的一般考虑

组织工程的最终目标是通过体外增减活细胞与其胞外环境相互作用而发育成具胡生物活性的组织或器官替代物,替换、修复组织或器官,或强化其生物学功能。本文主要讨论细胞移植和组织重建的影响因素和可能的方法。     

Design and characterization of a modified T‐flask bioreactor for continuous monitoring of engineered tissue stiffness

Controlling environmental conditions, such as mechanical stimuli, is critical for directing cells into functional tissue. This study reports on the development of a bioreactor capable of controlling the mechanical environment and continuously measuring force‐displacement in engineered tissue. The bioreactor was built from off the shelf components, modified off the shelf components, and easily reproducible custom built parts to facilitate ease of setup, reproducibility and experimental flexibility. A T‐flask was modified to allow for four tissue samples, mechanical actuation via a LabView controlled stepper motor and transduction of force from inside the T‐flask to an external sensor. In vitro bench top testing with instrumentation springs and tissue culture experiments were performed to validate system performance. Force sensors were highly linear (R² > 0.998) and able to maintain force readings for extended periods of time. Tissue culture experiments involved cyclic loading of polyurethane scaffolds seeded with and without (control) human foreskin fibroblasts for 8 h/day for 14 days. After supplementation with TGF‐β, tissue constructs showed an increase in stiffness between consecutive days and from the acellular controls. These experiments confirmed the ability of the bioreactor to distinguish experimental groups and monitor tissue stiffness during tissue development. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010