N_2和NH_4~ 培养下粪产碱菌固氮酶铁蛋白的生物合成及特性比较

应用DEAE-纤维素和凝胶柱层析,分别将N_2和NU_1~ (30 mmol/L)培养的粪产碱菌固氮酶铁蛋白(Af2和Af~ 2)分离并提纯52倍,在SDS-PAGE上呈均一状态。Af2的比活性达1540 nmol C_2H_4mg~(-1)protein min~(-1),Af~*2无活性。Af2和Af~*2理化性质基本相同,分子量为64.5 kD;均由2个亚基组成,每个亚基分子量为32.5kD;氨基酸种类相同,总残基数分别为537和553,不含色氨酸;每分子Af2和Af~ 2均含有4个Fe原子和4个酸不稳定S~(2-)原子;UV-vis光谱吸收特征相同;荧光探剂测定结果为:每分于Af2和Af~*2均络合2个分子MgATP或2个分子MgADP。     

小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与面团流变学特性关系的研究

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分离方法,以牛血清蛋白(67kD)和卵清蛋白(43kD)为分子量标记,对甘肃河西灌区近几年选育的17个小麦品系以及大面积栽培的2个春小麦品种的低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成以及不同亚基对面团流变学特性(面团韧性P、延伸性L、面团筋力W)的影响进行分析。19个试验材料中共标记出从35．2～60．5kD的LMW-GS共32条谱带;通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和逐步回归分析确定出对面团流变学特性P、L、W值影响显著的7个LMW-GS,分子量由高到低为：52．7kD、52kD、49．3kD、46．7kD、44．8kD、44．2kD、35．2kD。其中35．2kD和46．7kD亚基能显著地增加面团P值,44．8kD亚基能显著地降低面团P值;44．2kD和49．3kD亚基显著增加面团L值,52．7kD亚基降低面团L值;44．8kD、52．7kD亚基能显著降低面团的W值,52．0kD和46．7kD亚基能显著提高面团W值。     

番茄果实中焦磷酸:D-果糖-6-磷酸 1-磷酸转移酶的两种酶型的分离纯化及其特性

用快速蛋白液相层析仪(FPLC)Mono Q柱(HR5/5)分离纯化成熟绿番茄果实中PFP的两种分子酶型及其特性。一种酶型为Q_1,是含两个β-亚基(60kD)的二聚体,比活为5μmol min~(-1) mg~(-1);另一种为Q_2,由四个α-亚基(66kD)和四个β-亚基(60kD)组成八聚体,比活为70.5μmol/min~(-1)·mg~(-1)。Q_1的分子量是120kD,Q_2的分子量介于500kD和530kD之间。用纯化的Q_2制备的抗血清专一地与Q_2起沉淀反应。PFP酶液贮存后,其Q_1/Q_2蛋白量比值增加明显,表明部分Q_2转化为Q_1。Q_1具有催化活力表明PFP的活性中心位于β-亚基。α-亚基可能借增强PFP酶对F2,6P_2的亲和力以提高酶的比活而起调节功能,但是Q_1的活力依赖于F2,6P_2的激活,表明β-亚基处也可能存在F_2,_6P_2的调节位点。Q_2含紧密结合的F2,6P_2分子,并表现出对F2,6P2_的不敏感性,基于此种现象,有必要重新认识PFP对F2,6P_2敏感性的内在实质。     

牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ的纯化和鉴定

通过一系列层析法,首次从牛脑纯化得到胶凝电泳匀一的Ca~(2+)/CaM PKⅡ。凝胶过滤法测定全酶分子量为550kD,SDS-PAGE法测定亚基分子量为55kD,推测牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM PK Ⅱ由十个相同的亚基组成。该酶活性绝对依赖于Ca~(2+)和CaM,以63kD PDE同工酶为底物,其AC_(50)分别为0.85μmol/L和0.18μmol/L;以酪蛋白为底物,其AC_(50)分别为0.22μmol/L和0.06μmol/L。牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM PK Ⅱ旣能催化63kD PDE同工酶等多种蛋白或酶磷酸化,又能进行自身磷酸化。该酶催化63kD PDE同工酶最大磷酸参入量为1mol/mol亚基。磷酸化型63kD PDE同工酶的Ca~(2+)的AC_(50)高于非磷酸化型。     

施氏鲟卵黄蛋白原及其相关蛋白的研究

采用凝胶柱层析、聚丙烯凝胶电泳、免疫印迹（Western blotting）和免疫扩散等方法对施氏鲟卵黄蛋白原（Vi-tellogenin,Vg）及其相关蛋白（Yolk protein,YP）进行了研究。结果表明,施氏鲟血清Vg是一种糖脂磷蛋白,其相对分子量为410kD,由分子量为205kD的两个同源亚基组成。Vg的3种相关蛋白YP1、YP2和YP3。其中YP1相对分子量为370kD,是一种糖脂磷蛋白,由相对分子量为97kD和33kD的两个亚基构成。YP2是一种相对分子量为144kD的磷脂蛋白,由相对分子量为94kD和45kD的2个亚基构成。YP3为相对分子量为66kD的磷蛋白,由相对分子量为30kD的同源亚基构成。     

白地霉甘油脱氢酶的分离纯化及特性

从15株白地霉菌株中筛选出一株甘油脱氢酶活性和产量最高的菌株.利用Blue-Sepharose CL-4B和DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B两个柱子纯化后甘油脱氢酶达到电泳纯.该酶分子量约为94kD,亚基分子量约为31kD.纯化倍数和回收率分别为14倍和29%.该酶对2位羟基的直链低分子一元醇,二元醇或三元醇都表现出高的氧化活性,对"R型"的2-丁醇、2-戊醇和"S型"的二元醇、β-羟基酯类表现出显著的立体选择性;对2位羰基的直链低分子物质表现出明显的还原活性.     

蚕豆蛋白质亚基分析与特异种质鉴定

采用SDS-PAGE方法,对112份不同基因型蚕豆的清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的差异性进行分析。结果显示:(1)蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的有效等位变异分别为1.750 0±0.452 3、1.545 5±0.522 2,多态性比率分别为75.00%、54.55%,清蛋白的亚基遗传多样性指数较球蛋白亚基高。(2)蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白分别含有在不同基因型蚕豆中构成不同的12和10个亚基,其中清蛋白含有9个基本亚基,116kD、96kD、45kD为清蛋白的3个特异亚基;球蛋白含有8个基本亚基,58kD、35kD为球蛋白的2个特异亚基;研究共鉴定筛选出42个含有清蛋白特异亚基和21个含有球蛋白亚基的种质资源。(3)清蛋白的97kD、63kD基本亚基和球蛋白的97kD、56kD、47kD基本亚基存在一定的缺失现象,共鉴定出19个清蛋白亚基和21个球蛋白亚基缺失的优异种质。研究表明,蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白亚基构成在不同种质之间具有差异性,除基本亚基外,部分种质还含有特异亚基或缺失亚基。     

草菇低温诱导蛋白分离纯化及其部分性质的测定

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和制备电泳分离技术,从低温处理过的草菇菌丝中分离纯化得到三种低温诱导蛋白,分别命名为CspDZG1,CspDZG2,CspDZG3。IEF测定了等电点,分别为3．7,4．4,4．4。SDS-PAGE结果表明,CspDZG1,CspDZG2由一条多肽组成,分子量分别为56kD,54．5kD;CspDZG3由两个亚基组成,分子量分别为54．5kD,68kD。经S.aureus V8蛋白酶酶解后,测定了N端氨基酸序列。     

草菇低温诱导蛋白分离纯化及其部分性质的测定*

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和制备电泳分离技术,从低温处理过的草菇菌丝中分离纯化得到三种低温诱导蛋白,分别命名为CspDZG1 ,CspDZG2 ,CspDZG3。IEF测定了等电点,分别为3.7,4.4,4.4。SDS-PAGE结果表明,CspDZG1 ,CspDZG2由一条多肽组成,分子量分别为56kD,54.5kD;CspDZG3由两个亚基组成,分子量分别为54.5 kD,68 kD。经S. aureus V8蛋白酶酶解后,测定了N端氨基酸序列。     

黑皮扁豆凝集素提纯及部分性质研究

采用NaCl抽提、硫酸铵分部沉淀和2步离子交换法从黑皮扁豆中纯化得到一种甘露糖专一凝集素(DPL)。在非变性电泳中纯化的DPL只有一条蛋白带,在还原及非还原条件下的SDS-PAGE中呈现两条蛋白带,其分子量分别为36．8kD和39．8kD;利用FPLC经Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤测得其表观分子量为155kD,表明DPL由2个α亚基和2个β亚基组成,无二硫键。DPL的等电点为pH6．18,含1．6％糖,为酸性糖蛋白。DPL的热稳定性和pH稳定性,与已报道的甘露糖/葡萄糖专一的豆科凝集素相似。     

铵培养的粪产碱菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）中固氮酶的生物合成

粪产碱菌A—15的氮素同化途径在铵培养下以GDH途径为主,而氮培养下则以GS/GOGAT途径为主,DEAE—纤维素层析,SDS—PAGE及免疫学试验均证明,粪产碱菌在铵浓度高达30mmol/L时仍有固氮酶合成,但没有固氮活性。铵和氮培养两者细菌粗提液在电泳条带上有些差异。铵培养的粪产碱菌合成的固氮酶,在解阻遏后,仍可出现固氮活性。     

Tolerance to acid in pH 5.0-grown organisms of potentially pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria

S.A. NOJOUMI, D.G. SMITH AND R.J. ROWBURY. 1995. A wide range of potentially pathogenic species of Gram-negative bacteria were far more resistant to extreme acidity (pH 2.0–3.5) when cultured at pH 5.0 (habituated to acid) than after pH 7.0 culture. The differences were particularly great for Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and for Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; substantial habituation was also observed for Proteus mirabilis and Aeromonas formicans but the effect was less marked for Serratia marcescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus . Growth at pH 5.0 was substantially poorer than at pH 7.0 for most of the above species and also for Salmonella typhimurium and Salm. enteritidis but phosphate markedly enhanced growth at pH 5.0 for many of these species without affecting growth at pH 7.0.     

Economy of Carbon and Nitrogen in a Nodulated and Nonnodulated (NO(3)-grown) Legume

Partitioning and utilization of assimilated C and N were compared in nonnodulated, NO₃-fed and nodulated, N₂-fed plants of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). The NO₃ regime used (5 millimolar NO₃) promoted closely similar rates of growth and N assimilation as in the symbiotic plants. Over 90% of the N absorbed by the NO₃-fed plants was judged to be reduced in roots. Empirically based models of C and N flow demonstrated that patterns of incorporation of C and N into dry matter and exchange of C and N among plant parts were essentially similar in the two forms of nutrition. NO₃-fed and N₂-fed plants transported similar types and proportions of organic solutes in xylem and phloem. Withdrawal of NO₃ supply from NO₃-fed plants led to substantial changes in assimilate partitioning, particularly in increased translocation of N from shoot to root. Nodulated plants showed a lower (57%) conversion of C or net photosynthate to dry matter than did NO₃-fed plants (69%), and their stems were only half as effective as those of NO₃-fed plants in xylem to phloem transfer of N supplied from the root. Below-ground parts of symbiotic plants consumed a larger share (58%) of the plants' net photosynthate than did NO₃-fed roots (50%), thus reflecting a higher CO₂ loss per unit of N assimilated (10.2 milligrams C/milligram N) by the nodulated root than by the root of the NO₃-fed plant (8.1 milligrams C/milligram N). Theoretical considerations indicated that the greater CO₂ output of the nodulated root involved a slightly greater expenditure for N₂ than for NO₃ assimilation, a small extra cost due to growth and maintenance of nodule tissue, and a considerably greater nonassimilatory component of respiration in root tissue of the symbiotic plant than in the root of the NO₃-fed plant.     

Assimilation and Transport of Nitrogen in Nonnodulated (NO(3)-grown) Lupinus albus L

The response of nonnodulated white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Ultra) plants to a range of NO₃ levels in the rooting medium was studied by in vitro assays of extracts of plant parts for NO₃ reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity, measurements of NO₃-N in plant organs, and solute analyses of root bleeding (xylem) sap and phloem sap from stems and petioles. Plants were grown for 65 days with 5 millimolar NO₃ followed by 10 days with 1, 5, 15, or 30 millimolar NO₃. NO₃ reductase was substrate-induced in all tissues. Roots contained 76, 68, 62 and 31% of the total NO₃ reductase activity of plants fed with 1, 5, 15, and 30 millimolar NO₃, respectively. Stem, petioles, and leaflets contained virtually all of the NO₃ reductase activity of a shoot, the activity in extracts of fruits amounting to less than 0.3% of the total enzyme recovered from the plant. Xylem sap from NO₃-grown nonnodulated plants contained the same organic solutes as from nodulated plants grown in the absence of combined N. Asparagine accounted for 50 to 70% and glutamine 10 to 20% of the xylem-borne N. The level of NO₃ in xylem sap amounted to 4, 13, 12, and 17% of the total xylem N at 1, 5, 15, and 30 millimolar NO₃, respectively. Xylem to phloem transfer of N appeared to be quantitatively important in supplying fruits and vegetative apices with reduced N, especially at low levels of applied NO₃. NO₃ failed to transfer in any quantity from xylem to phloem, representing less than 0.3% of the phloem-borne N at all levels of applied NO₃. Shoot organs were ineffective in storing NO₃. Even when NO₃ was supplied in great excess (30 millimolar level) it accounted for only 8% of the total N of stem and petioles, and only 2 and 1% of the N of leaflets and fruits, respectively.     

Economy of Carbon and Nitrogen in Nodulated and Nonnodulated (NO(3)-grown) Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

The response of non-nodulated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv Caloona) to a wide range of NO₃ levels in the rooting medium was studied 40 days after sowing by in vitro assays of plant organs for NO₃ reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) and analyses of root bleeding (xylem) sap for nitrogenous solutes. Plants fed 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 millimolar NO₃ showed, respectively, 64, 92, 94, and 91% of their total reductase activity in shoots and 34, 30, 66, 62, and 58% of the total N of their xylem sap as NO₃. These data, and the absence in the plants of significant pools of stored NO₃, indicated that shoots were major organs of NO₃ assimilation, especially at levels of NO₃ (10 to 40 millimolar) that maintained plant growth at near maximum rates. Partitioning and utilization of C and N were studied in nodulated, minus NO₃ plants and non-nodulated plants fed 10 or 20 millimolar NO₃, the levels of NO₃ which gave rates of growth and N assimilation closest to those of the symbiotic plants. The conversion of the C of net photosynthate to dry matter was similar in nodulated plants (67%) and NO₃-grown plants (64%), but greater proportions of photosynthate were translocated to below ground parts of nodulated plants (37%) than of NO₃-fed plants (23 to 26%). Greater photosynthate consumption by nodulated roots was associated with proportionately greater root growth and respiration and 2-fold greater export of C in xylem than in the NO₃-fed plants. Theoretical considerations suggest that the elevated CO₂ output of nodulated roots was due not only to CO₂ loss associated with nodule function, but also to a much greater nonassimilatory component of respiration in the supporting root of the nodulated plant compared to roots of the NO₃-fed plants. Data are compared with previously published information from other legumes.     

Cryopreservation of chestnut by vitrification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>-grown shoot tips

Summary Plants of European chestnut (Castanea sativa) have been consistently recovered from cryopreserved in vitro-grown shoot apices by using the vitrification procedure. Factors found to influence the success of cryopreservation include the source of the shoot tips (terminal buds or axillary buds), their size, the duration of exposure to the cryoprotectant solution, and the composition of the post-cryostorage recovery medium. The most efficient protocol for shoot regrowth employed 0.5–1.0 mm shoot tips isolated from 1 cm-long terminal buds that had been excised from 3–5-wk shoot cultures and cold hardened at 4°C for 2 wk. The isolated shoot tips were precultured for 2d at 4°C on solidified Gresshoff and Doy medium (GD) supplemented with 0.2M sucrose, and were then treated for 20 min at room temperature with a loading solution (2M glycerol+0.4M sucrose) and for 120 min at 0°C with a modified PVS2 solution before rapid immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). After 1 d in LN, rapid rewarming and unloading in 1.2M sucrose solution for 20 min, the shoot tips were plated on recovery medium consisting of GD supplemented with 2.2 μM benzyladenine, 2.9 μM 3-indoleacetic acid, and 0.9 μM zeatin. This protocol achieved 38–54% shoot recovery rates among five chestnut clones (three of juvenile origin and two of mature origin), and in all cases plant regeneration was also obtained.     

反胶束中单宁酶的光学行为和稳定性

为了测定反胶束系统中单宁酶的光学行为和增溶方式,采用紫外分光光度法和荧光扫描技术对AOT水／异辛烷组成的反胶束体系中单宁酶和水相中单宁酶的光学行为进行研究,同时研究了不同反应体系中单宁酶的稳定性,并对单宁酶在反胶束体系中的增溶方式进行探讨。结果表明：反胶束体系与水相中的单宁酶,其光学行为存在很大差别。反胶束体系有利于单宁酶的稳定,脂肪醇作为反应底物,其碳链的增长有利于单宁酶在反胶束中的稳定性。单宁酶是以嵌入反胶束膜或与反胶束内膜接触的方式增溶的。     

CHIH-DFT determination of the molecular structure and IR and UV spectra of solanidine

Solanidine is the steroidal aglycon of some potato glycoalkaloids and a very important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. In this work, we make use of a new chemistry model within Density Functional Theory, called CHIH-DFT, to calculate the molecular structure of solanidine, as well to predict its infrared and ultraviolet spectra. The calculated values are compared with the experimental data available for this molecule as a means of validation of our proposed chemistry model. Figure Molecular structure of solanidine calculated with the CHIH(small) model chemistry