头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠用于治疗妇产科感染的临床疗效分析

目的：分析头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠治疗妇产科感染的临床疗效。方法：选择我院2010年1月至2012年7月收治的132例妇科门诊或者住院感染患者,并将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组66例患者。观察组患者采用头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠治疗,对照组患者采用阿莫西林/克拉维酸治疗,治疗7-15天后比较两组患者的临床效果。结果：治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为96.96%,明显高于对照组患者,差异具有明显统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者的细菌清除率和不良反应的发生率基本相当,差异无明显统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠治疗各种妇产科感染疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

沙丁胺醇、布地奈德不同雾化吸入联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠对AECOPD患者血气指标和肺功能的影响

目的:探讨沙丁胺醇、布地奈德不同雾化吸入联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者血气指标和肺功能的影响。方法:选取本院2015年1月至2018年10月期间收治的210例AECOPD住院患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗)、持续雾化组(沙丁胺醇、布地奈德持续雾化治疗+头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠)、先后雾化组(先给予沙丁胺醇雾化、后给予布地奈德雾化治疗+头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠),每组各70例,对比三组的临床疗效、血气指标、肺功能及不良反应。结果:先后雾化组总有效率为91.43%,高于持续雾化组的78.57%及对照组的67.14%(P0.05)。先后雾化组患者治疗5天后氧分压(PaO_2)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)高于持续雾化组及对照组,且持续雾化组高于对照组(P0.05);先后雾化组患者治疗5天后二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)低于持续雾化组及对照组,且持续雾化组低于对照组(P0.05)。先后雾化组患者第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼吸容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV_1/FVC%)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)高于持续雾化组及对照组,且持续雾化组高于对照组(P0.05)。三组不良反应总发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:沙丁胺醇、布地奈德先后雾化吸入联合头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗AECOPD患者疗效确切,可提高患者肺功能,改善血气相关指标。     

头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗老年肺部感染的临床效果研究

目的:研究头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗老年肺部感染的临床效果。方法:以2014年1月至2016年12月于我院就诊的200例老年肺部感染患者为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各100例。两组患者均采用叩背吸痰、化痰、吸氧、营养支持等常规治疗方案。对照组静脉滴注头孢哌酮/舒巴坦钠进行治疗,每次3.0 g,每12 h给药1次;观察组联合静脉滴注莫西沙星治疗,每次0.4 g,每天给药1次。两组患者疗程均为2周。观察和比较两组患者的临床疗效、退热时间、止咳时间、肺部啰音消散时间和肺CT病灶吸收时间,治疗前后的血清超敏C反应蛋白水平以及白细胞计数的变化。结果:观察组的治疗总有效率为97.00%(97/100),明显高于对照组[83.00%(83/100)](P0.05);观察组的退热时间、止咳时间、肺部啰音消散时间以及肺CT病灶吸收时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的血清超敏C反应蛋白水平以及白细胞计数均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组以上指标显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:头孢哌酮舒巴坦联合莫西沙星治疗老年肺部感染的临床效果明显优于单纯给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗,不仅可以有效改善患者的临床症状、控制炎症,且具有较高的安全性。     

加替沙星注射液治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染临床评价

评价加替沙星注射液治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染临床疗效和药物不良反应。回顾性分析2007年1-12月非随机选择45例肺癌患者医院外获得性呼吸道感染入院治疗的临床资料进行统计分析。应用加替沙星组与应用注射用头孢哌酮钠／舒巴坦组治疗呼吸道感染的总有效率分别为92．31％和94．74％（P〉0．05）;用药3d后咳嗽咳痰、发热、湿哆音、血象好转率分别为84．62％、95．45％、85．71％、88．OO％和57．89％、71．43％、64．29％、82．35％（P〈0．05）。不良反应发生率分别11．54％和10．53％（P〉0．05）。加替沙星治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染疗效好,见效快,是较理想的药物。     

阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2012年5月至2013年10月在我院就诊的144例呼吸道肺炎支原体感染患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各72例。对照组加用注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,观察组加用阿奇霉素口服治疗。对比两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组的总有效率为94.45%,明显高于对照组的83.33%;观察组患儿各临床症状及体征的消失时间均明显短于对照组;观察组患儿不良反应的总发生率为6.95%,显著低于对照组的16.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于注射用乳糖酸红霉素静滴治疗,阿奇霉素口服治疗小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染疗效更佳,且具有不良反应小,用药安全,患儿的配合度高的优势。     

酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊和羧甲淀粉钠联用对反复呼吸道感染患儿的免疫调节作用

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊(商品名:阿泰宁)和羧甲淀粉钠联用对反复呼吸道感染患儿的临床疗效和对其血清免疫球蛋白水平的调节作用。方法将120例反复呼吸道感染患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组均常规治疗(抗感染、退热、止咳、平喘、祛痰),对照组给予羧甲淀粉钠口服液,治疗组联合给予酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊,420mg/次,3次/d,疗程3个月,治疗后,均随访1年。观察两组治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白水平和随访呼吸道感染反复情况。结果治疗后治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为93.3%和73.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组呼吸道感染次数减少,显著低于对照组(P0.01);治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)显著高于治疗前(P0.001),治疗组IgA、IgG显著高于对照组(P0.001)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊和羧甲淀粉钠联用能提高治疗效果和免疫球蛋白水平,降低呼吸道感染次数。     

阿齐霉素联合头孢噻肟钠治疗老年社区获得性肺炎

目的探讨阿齐霉素联合头孢噻肟对老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床效果和安全性。方法84例老年CAP随机分为2组。治疗组42例,给阿齐霉素0.5 g,po,qd,连用3 d,同时给头孢噻肟钠2.0 g,静滴,bid。对照组42例,给头孢噻肟钠2.0 g静滴,bid。2组总疗程14 d。结果治疗组与对照组的总有效率分别为90.5%和73.8%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组的细菌总清除率分别为80.0%和78.9%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论阿齐霉素联用头孢噻肟钠治疗老年社区获得性肺炎安全、有效。     

哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦治疗COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效和安全性对比

摘要 目的：对比哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效和安全性。方法：选择2017年1月至2020年1月我院呼吸科住院治疗的60例COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染患者纳入研究,通过抽签法分为A组和B组,各30例。A组在常规治疗基础上给予哌拉西林他唑巴坦,B组在常规治疗基础上给予头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦,均持续治疗7 d。比较A组和B组患者的临床疗效、一般治疗情况、血清实验室指标、血气指标的变化及不良反应。结果：治疗后7 d,A组患者的临床疗效、细菌清除率结果分别为93.33%、83.33%,B组为90.00%、76.67%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组体温正常时间、白细胞计数（WBC）正常时间、肺部炎症病灶消失时间、住院时间分别为（2.68±0.47）d、（5.05±0.53）d、（9.21±1.30）d、（10.02±1.94）d,均明显短于B组的（3.31±0.51）d、（6.52±0.60）d、（10.37±1.88）d、（11.69±1.61）d,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后3 d时,A组患者的WBC、C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）分别为（10.38±1.75）×109/L、（9.75±1.55）mg/L、（1.94±0.31）μg/L,均明显低于B组的（12.10±2.18）×109/L、（11.18±1.64）mg/L、（2.26±0.29）μg/L,治疗后7 d时,A组患者的WBC、CRP、PCT分别为（6.29±1.40）×109/L、（5.91±0.77）mg/L、（0.86±0.20）μg/L,均明显低于B组的（7.55±1.37）×109/L、（7.04±1.29）mg/L、（1.17±0.34）μg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组患者的动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、血氧分压（PaO2）分别为（92.11±3.06）%、（68.37±5.13）mmHg,均明显高于B组的（88.64±3.18）%、（62.84±3.20）mmHg,二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）为（44.12±3.03）mmHg,明显低于B组的（48.49±4.21）mmHg,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦对COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染患者均具有较好的抗菌效果及安全性,但哌拉西林他唑巴坦可缩短恢复时间,临床应用价值更高。     

头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合莫西沙星治疗老年重症肺炎的疗效研究

目的:探究头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合莫西沙星治疗老年重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院诊治的重症肺炎老年患者90例,平均随机分为A、B、C三组。在常规治疗的基础上,A组予以头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗,B组予以莫西沙星治疗,C组则予以头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠与莫西沙星的联合治疗。分析比较三组患者的临床疗效、细菌清除率、临床症状及体征好转时间、实验室检查指标及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,C组的临床总有效率、细菌清除率均显著高于A组及B组(P0.05),B组细菌清除率明显高于A组(P0.05)。三组患者的WBC、CRP和PaO_2/FiO_2均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),而ALT、AST、Scr和BUN均没有显著变化,C组的WBC、CRP、PLT、PaO_2及PaO_2/FiO_2与A组、B组相比差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。三组的退热时间、白细胞下降时间、痰液颜色改变时间、肺部炎症明显吸收时间比较有差异(P0.05),且C组退热时间、白细胞下降时间、痰液颜色改变时间、肺部炎症明显吸收时间均明显短于A组及B组,B组的肺部炎症明显吸收时间短于A组(P0.05)。三组患者仅出现轻度胃肠道反应、皮疹、失眠等轻微不良反应,不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合莫西沙星治疗老年重症肺炎的临床疗效明显优于二者单药治疗,其能显著改善患者的临床症状且安全性高。     

头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠致凝血功能异常的危险因素及护理

本研究对148例应用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗的患者的临床资料进行分析。从年龄、性别、进食情况、基础疾病、用量及疗程等方面探讨头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠致凝血障碍的危险因素,并对凝血障碍组患者予以维生素K治疗,分析其在改善患者PT、APTT方面的作用。结果表明,两组在性别、高血压病、糖尿病及疗程方面无差异(p0.05),在年龄、肾功能不全、肝病、饮食、给药剂量方面有差异(p0.05)。治疗后的凝血障碍组患者的PT、APTT均较治疗前降低(p0.05)。提示年龄、肾功能不全、肝病、饮食、给药剂量是凝血障碍的危险因素,维生素K对机体的凝血障碍有改善作用,值得推广。     

Oral versus intravenous antibiotics for community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in a general hospital: open,randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE--To see whether there is a difference in outcome between patients treated with oral and intravenous antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection. DESIGN--Open controlled trial in patients admitted consecutively and randomised to treatment with either oral co-amoxiclav, intravenous followed by oral co-amoxiclav, or intravenous followed by oral cephalosporins. SETTING--Large general hospital in Dublin. PATIENTS--541 patients admitted for lower respiratory tract infection during one year. Patients represented 87% of admissions with the diagnosis and excluded those who were immunocompromised and patients with severe life threatening infection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cure, partial cure, extended antibiotic treatment, change of antibiotic, death, and cost and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS--There were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcome or mortality (6%). However, patients randomised to oral co-amoxiclav had a significantly shorter hospital stay than the two groups given intravenous antibiotic (median 6 v 7 and 9 days respectively). In addition, oral antibiotics were cheaper, easier to administer, and if used routinely in the 800 or so patients admitted annually would lead to savings of around 176,000 pounds a year. CONCLUSIONS--Oral antibiotics in community acquired lower respiratory tract infection are at least as efficacious as intraveous therapy. Their use reduces labour and equipment costs and may lead to earlier discharge from hospital.     

130例嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌下呼吸道感染的药敏分析

目的探讨嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌下呼吸道感染的耐药情况。方法对自2002年5月～2004年5月分离出的130株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的药敏试验结果进行分析。结果嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对常用抗生素广泛耐药,其中对亚胺培南100％耐药,对1、2、3代头孢大多数耐药．但对复方新诺明、替卡西林-克拉维酸钾和头孢他啶的敏感率分别为71．2％、64．0％和54．4%。结论嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对常用抗生素广泛耐药．但对复方新诺明、替卡西林-克拉维酸钾和头孢他啶有较高的敏感性．可做为临床治疗嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌下呼吸道感染的有效抗菌药物。     

ICU下呼吸道多重耐药菌医院感染的病原学临床特征及易感因素分析

摘要 目的：研究ICU下呼吸道多重耐药菌医院感染的病原学临床特征及易感因素。方法：选择2020年1月到2022年12月于我院ICU住院治疗的216例下呼吸道感染者,按照是否发生多重耐药菌感染分为研究组113例,对照组103例。分析两组患者感染相关因素的数量分布情况,通过Logistic回归分析多重耐药菌医院感染的危险因素。采用全自动细菌鉴定仪对菌种进行鉴定,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,并分析多重耐药菌感染的病原学分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果：（1）与对照组相比,研究组患者感染相关因素的分布率更高;（2）住院时间>3个月、使用糖皮质激素治疗、应用机械通气治疗、其他细菌感染、血红蛋白含量<100 g/L、抗菌药物使用时间>15 d、抗菌药物使用种类>4种、使用免疫抑制剂是ICU下呼吸道多重耐药菌感染的危险因素;（3）113例研究组共培养出细菌菌株93株,其中革兰氏阴性菌52株（55.91%）,革兰氏阳性菌25株（26.88%）,革兰氏阴性菌中较多的是铜绿假单胞菌（22株）、鲍曼不动杆菌（13株）、肺炎克雷伯菌（12株）;革兰氏阳性菌中最多的是肺炎链球菌（11株）和金黄色葡萄球菌（11株）;（4）耐药情况：铜绿假单胞菌对莫西沙星耐药率较低（15.83%）,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南耐药率较低（17.56%）,鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率较低（16.37%）,金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌对万古霉素无耐药性。结论：住院时间>3个月、使用糖皮质激素治疗、应用机械通气治疗、其他细菌感染、血红蛋白含量<100 g/L、抗菌药物使用时间>15 d、抗菌药物使用种类>4种、使用免疫抑制剂是多重耐药感染的独立危险因素。本院ICU下呼吸道感染以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,应根据病原菌选择耐药性低的药物,并针对危险因素采取有效措施。     

磁处理水对家兔生殖影响的研究

目的:探讨磁处理水对家免睾丸、附睾重量以及精子活力、沃纱、密度的影响。方法:新西兰雄性大白免36只,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组饮用自来水,实验组饮用磁处理水,磁处理水每天更换,实验进行90天。光镜下检测每只家免附睾尾精子密度,精子活力,精子活率,最后将睾丸、附睾称重。结果:实验组与对照组比较,其睾丸附睾重量明显增加,精子密度增加14 % ,精子活力增加8% ,精子活率增加11% ,两组差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:实验结果提示饮用磁处理水能显著提高家免的生殖能力。     

Dietary administration of sodium alginate enhances the immune ability of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus

Haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus were measured in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (12.3 +/- 1.2 g) which had been fed diets containing sodium alginate at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g kg(-1) after five months. L. vannamei fed a diet containing 2.0 g kg(-1) sodium alginate had increased phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst and SOD activity, but decreased GPX activity significantly. L. vannamei fed a diet containing 2.0 g kg(-1) sodium alginate had increased phagocytic activity and the shrimp fed a diet containing sodium alginate at 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g kg(-1) had increased clearance efficiency to V. alginolyticus. In another experiment, L. vannamei, which had been fed control diet, or sodium alginate-containing diets after 5 months, were challenged with V. alginolyticus at 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) shrimp(-1) and then placed in seawater of 15 per thousand. The survival of shrimp fed a diet containing 2.0 g kg(-1) after one day, and the survival of shrimp fed diets containing sodium alginate at 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) after 2-4 days increased significantly, as compared to that of shrimp fed control diet. It is therefore concluded that administration of sodium alginate in the diet at 2.0 g kg(-1) or less could enhance the immune ability of L. vannamei and increase its resistance to V. alginolyticus infection.     

Dietary sodium alginate administration affects fingerling growth and resistance to Streptococcus sp. and iridovirus, and juvenile non-specific immune responses of the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

The percent weight gain (PWG) and feeding efficiency (FE) of fingerling orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, fed diets containing sodium alginate at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) were calculated on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks after feeding. Survival rates of the fingerling grouper against Streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus, and non-specific immune parameters such as alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity, natural haemagglutination activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and phagocytic activity of juvenile grouper were also determined when the fish were fed diets containing sodium alginate at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g kg(-1). The PWG and FE of fish were better when the fish were fed diets containing sodium alginate at 1.0, and 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1), respectively. The PWG and FE of fish fed the 0, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) sodium alginate-containing diets after 8 weeks were 271.0%, 454.4% and 327.8%, and 0.61, 0.72 and 0.68, respectively. Fish fed a diet containing sodium alginate at the level of 2.0 g kg(-1) had a significantly higher survival rate than those fed the control diet after challenge with Streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus causing an increase of survival rate by 25.0% and 16.7%, respectively, compared to the control group. The ACH(50) level of fish fed the sodium alginate-containing diets at 2.0 g kg(-1) was significantly higher than those fed the 1.0 g kg(-1) sodium alginate diet and control diet after 12 days, and had increased to 1.9-fold, compared to those fed the control diet. The lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory bursts, and SOD level of fish fed the sodium alginate-containing diets at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) were significantly higher than those fed the control diet after 12 days, and had increased to 1.97- and 1.68-fold, 1.35- and 1.50-fold, 1.63- and 1.81-fold, and 1.23- and 1.31-fold, respectively, compared to those fed the control diet. We therefore recommend dietary sodium alginate administration at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1), respectively, to promote growth and enhance immunity and resistance against Streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus.     

小儿青翘颗粒联合注射用头孢西丁钠治疗急性上呼吸道感染患儿细胞免疫功能和炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察小儿青翘颗粒联合注射用头孢西丁钠治疗急性上呼吸道感染患儿细胞免疫功能和炎性因子的影响。方法：选择合肥市第二人民医院2019年10月到2023年1月期间收治的110例急性上呼吸道感染患儿,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=55）和研究组（n=55）,对照组患儿接受注射用头孢西丁钠治疗,研究组患儿接受小儿青翘颗粒联合注射用头孢西丁钠治疗。对比两组疗效、临床症状恢复情况、细胞免疫功能指标、炎性因子水平,同时观察两组不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为96.36%高于对照组80.00%（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组的咽痛消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、发热消失时间、鼻塞消失时间进一步缩短（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组治疗2周后CD8⁺更低,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺更高（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,研究组C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比,未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：小儿青翘颗粒联合注射用头孢西丁钠治疗急性上呼吸道感染患儿,可有效缓解临床症状,改善患儿的细胞免疫功能和炎性因子水平。     

An epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations in Denmark

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of hospitalization for acute respiratory tract illness in general and specifically for bronchiolitis in young children. The link between RSV bronchiolitis and reactive airway disease is not completely understood, even though RSV bronchiolitis is frequently followed by recurrent episodes of wheezing. Therapy with ribavirin does not appear to significantly reduce long-term respiratory outcome of RSV lower respiratory tract infection, and corticosteroid or bronchodilator therapy may possibly improve outcomes only on a short-term basis. No vaccine against RSV is yet available. It is not known whether prophylaxis with RSV intravenous immune globulin or palivizumab can reduce postbronchiolitic wheezing.     

Prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitic wheezing

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of hospitalization for acute respiratory tract illness in general and specifically for bronchiolitis in young children. The link between RSV bronchiolitis and reactive airway disease is not completely understood, even though RSV bronchiolitis is frequently followed by recurrent episodes of wheezing. Therapy with ribavirin does not appear to significantly reduce long-term respiratory outcome of RSV lower respiratory tract infection, and corticosteroid or bronchodilator therapy may possibly improve outcomes only on a short-term basis. No vaccine against RSV is yet available. It is not known whether prophylaxis with RSV intravenous immune globulin or palivizumab can reduce postbronchiolitic wheezing.