幽门螺杆菌对胃上皮细胞间隙连接超微结构的影响

通过实验和临床观察幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)对胃上皮细胞间隙连接超微结构的影响,从细胞间隙连接角度探讨H. pylori致癌机制．将不同H. pylori菌株与BGC-823细胞共培养24 h或 48 h,用原位固定与原位包埋法透射电镜观察细胞间隙连接超微结构变化．对70例胃癌患者,用快速尿素酶试验、碱性品红染色和¹⁴C尿素呼气实验检测H. pylori,PCR法检测H. pylori CagA基因,及透射电镜观察胃上皮细胞间隙连接超微结构变化．结果显示,未加H. pylori组BGC-823细胞可见较多细胞连接及连接复合体,加H. pylori各组细胞的连接数、单位周长连接数与单位周长连接长度均小于未加H. pylori组,而细胞间隙最小宽度大于未加H. pylori组(P < 0.001或P < 0.005),且CagA⁺ 的NCTC J99组、临床株GC 01组和NCTC 11639组细胞连接数、单位周长连接数均小于CagA^- 的NCTC 12908组(P < 0.001或P < 0.05),NCTC J99组与临床株GC 01组细胞单位周长连接长度短于NCTC 12908组(P < 0.001)．胃癌患者H. pylori感染组细胞连接数、单位周长连接数与单位周长连接长度均小于无H. pylori感染组,细胞间隙最小宽度大于无H. pylori感染组(P < 0.001),且CagA⁺ H. pylori感染者细胞连接数、单位周长连接数与单位周长连接长度均小于CagA^- H. pylori感染者,细胞间隙最小宽度大于CagA^- H. pylori感染者．上述结果表明,胃上皮细胞间隙连接改变与H. pylori感染,特别是CagA⁺ H. pylori感染有关．     

铜绿假单胞杆菌QS相关基因差异表达的研究*

选取100个与铜绿假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)群感效应(quorum-sens-ing,QS)相关的基因,克隆这些基因片段于pMD-18T载体,测序鉴定,点样制备cDNA基因芯片。制备cy3-dCTP/cy5-dCTP标记的探针,与芯片杂交。初步研究了处于不同生长期的铜绿假单胞杆菌基因的表达差异。指数中期和平台初期相比,有9个QS基因表达量显著增加,有6个基因表达量显著下降。利用芯片做针对铜绿菌假单胞杆菌药物的筛选妥布霉素(Tobramycin)给药后细菌基因发生     

幽门螺旋菌感染血清学诊断

运用建立起来的酶联免疫吸附试验对80名胃镜确诊胃炎及消化性溃疡患者的血清中抗幽门螺旋菌(Helicobacter pylori)IgG、IgA IgM进行了检测。结果表明,抗H.pylori IgG、IgA都可作为H.pylori感染的指标,但前者敏感性较好(92.0%),后者特异性较高(94.4%);抗H.pyloriIgM升高和降低与H.pylori感染无明显关系。抗H.pylori IgG、IgA水平与H.py     

近交系小鼠双色荧光正相杂交芯片技术体系的建立和优化

目的探讨采用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测方法-双色荧光正相杂交芯片技术对近交系小鼠遗传质量监测及相关影响因素。方法运用基于芯片的双色荧光正相杂交检测SNP技术,进行芯片杂交动力学研究,考察信号值（Cy3,Cy5）和ratio值（Cy5/Cy3）与PCR产物点样浓度、PCR产物长度和荧光标记探针长度之间的关系,研究PCR产物点样浓度、PCR产物长度和荧光标记探针长度对SNP分型的影响。结果采用正反标记实验后,Ratio值随着PCR产物点样浓度的增加呈稳定趋势;PCR双链产物长度对信号值影响比较大,点样时其长度不宜太长,最好不超过450 bp;随荧光标记探针长度的增加,基因分型能力明显下降,长度为15 bp最佳,长度超过20 bp时,已基本没有区分能力。结论PCR产物点样浓度、PCR产物长度和荧光标记探针长度是双色荧光正相杂交SNP分型系统的重要影响因素,采取适当的PCR产物点样浓度、PCR产物长度和荧光标记探针长度,并采用正反标记实验,可以取得稳定、准确的基因分型效果。为进一步进行近交系小鼠遗传质量监测的研究奠定基础。     

斑茅两个看家基因片段的克隆及其在基因芯片中的应用

根据已发表的同源基因序列,利用RT-PCR技术分离了斑茅(Erianthus arundinaceus)的GAPDH和APRT两个看家基因片段,用它们作为cDNA芯片阳性参照,以未经聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫处理的斑茅叶片为对照,和PEG胁迫的4组材料同cDNA芯片进行杂交分析。杂交结果显示,GAPDH杂交的Cy5与Cy3平均信噪比(Signal/Noise,S/N)分别为56.12和60.8,APRT杂交的Cy5与Cy3平均信噪比分别为51.06和47.25,信噪比均很高;同时两个看家基因的杂交都显示出极强的信号,其中GAPDH的杂交信号值大于10000,APRT也在8000以上,杂交结果可靠。分析了PEG胁迫4个时段BADH与两个看家基因的表达,BADH的表达有明显变化,而看家基因表达均较稳定。上述结果表明所克隆的两个看家基因在斑茅中表达量高,且PEG胁迫下表达较为稳定,是基因芯片理想的阳性参照。     

幽门螺杆菌cag PAI编码的Ⅳ型分泌系统

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是定植于人胃部特定的病原菌,感染呈全球分布,感染率高达50%以上。现已证实它是轻度胃炎,消化性溃疡及胃癌的主要病因。Ⅰ型H.pylori菌株含有一个约40kb的特殊基因片段,即cag致病岛(cytotoxin associated gene pathogenicity island,cag PAI),该片段只出现于致病相关菌株,基因呈高密度分布并编码一个分泌转运系统称为Ⅳ型分泌系统(type Ⅳ secretion system,TFSS),通过转运相关毒素而参与H.pylori诱导上皮细胞细胞内的酪氨酸磷酸化、细胞骨架重排、基垫结构形成、活化核转录因子NF-κB、诱导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-8的表达等,故在H.pylori的致病中起着关键作用。近年来,研究者们致力于研究Ⅳ型分泌系统的功能,但是对于这个装置是如何转运蛋白进入宿主细胞的确切机制还是知之甚少,因此,对Ⅳ型分泌系统的研究将有助于进一步明确H.pylori致病机制,并为临床诊断和治疗提供新的靶点。     

幽门螺杆菌hpaA基因RFLP研究*

用限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)的方法评价幽门螺杆菌不同菌株鞭毛粘附素基因(hpaA)的变异性。PCR扩增 9株幽门螺杆菌 710bp的hpaA基因 ,用HhaⅠ、HaeⅢ限制性内切酶对该基因片段进行酶切分析。hpaA基因HaeIII单酶切可见 4种带型 ,HhaI单酶切出现 5种带型。从临床分离的H. pylori菌株hpaARFLP互有差异 ,且不同于国际标准菌株 ;临床分     

应用抑制消减杂交和cDNA芯片技术筛选流行性感冒病毒感染相关基因

病毒基因组有限的编码能力和以病毒蛋白为靶的抗病毒药物易出现耐药性,使从病毒感染宿主筛选病毒感染相关生物大分子作为抗病毒药靶和诊断标志物成为新的研究方向。为了筛选流行性感冒（流感）病毒感染相关基因,采用抑制消减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术,以流感病毒A／鲁防／93－9（H3N2）感染的MDCK细胞及正常MDCK细胞为材料,构建病毒感染特异性差减cDNA文库。从文库中随机挑取约800个克隆,PCR扩增其中插入片段,经纯化、紫外定量后,用基因芯片自动点样仪点在氨基片上,制备cDNA芯片。将流感病毒感染的MDCK细胞和正常MDCK细胞的总RNA分别用Cy3、Cy5反转录荧光标记后,与cDNA芯片杂交,用芯片扫描仪扫描获得芯片杂交信号,经阳性对照校正和归一化处理后,以如下条件作为判定基因差异表达的标准;（a)Cy3与Cy5的信号比值大于1．5（正常细胞用Cy5标记）或小于0．67（正常细胞用Cy3标记）;（b)Cy3和Cy5信号值之一必须大于1000。经cDNA芯片筛选获得了18个流感病毒感染特异性克隆,经测序和生物信息学分析发现均为流感病毒感染相关新基因EST。流感病毒感染相关基因cDNA片段的获得,为新型病毒药靶诊断标志物发现和功能研究提供了基础。     

cDNA微阵列技术研究NaHCO3胁迫下星星草基因表达谱

为研究NaHCO3胁迫下星星草基因的表达,分别将荧光染料Cy5-dCTP和Cy3-dCTP用反转录方法标记在处理和对照星星草cDNA上制成探针,并与载有星星草基因的cDNA芯片进行杂交。通过对芯片的杂交信号强度分析来研究基因的表达情况。分析结果显示,共有25个基因在NaHCO3胁迫处理前后差异表达,其中17个基因在NaHCO3胁迫下表达下调,8个基因在NaHCO3胁迫下表达上调。生物信息学分析表明这些基因的功能涉及了信号传导与转录调控、细胞防御、细胞代谢等多个方面。从而获得了NaHCO3胁迫下星星草的基因表达谱,定量地阐述了NaHCO3胁迫和非胁迫条件下星星草基因的差异表达情况。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.