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1.
Arzu Ucar Turker Esra Cansever Mutlu Arzu Birinci Yıldırım 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(4):421-426
Epilobium angustifolium L. (fireweed) is a medicinal plant that has been used to treat diarrhea, mucous colitis, irritable-bowel syndrome, skin problems,
prostate problems, menstrual disorders, asthma, whooping cough, and hiccups. A highly efficient and rapid regeneration system
via multiple shoot formation was developed for fireweed. Explants (leaf, petiole, root, and stem segments) excised from sterile
seedlings were cultured on medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of various plant growth regulators.
Explant browning, a major problem for regeneration, was overcome by adding 100 mg/l ascorbic acid to all prepared media containing
growth regulator combinations. Root explants formed more shoots than other explants. Best shoot proliferation was obtained
from root explants cultured on media with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Regenerated shoots were transferred to rooting media
containing different concentrations of IAA, IBA, NAA or 2,4-D. Most shoots developed roots on medium with 0.5 mg/l IAA. Rooted
explants were transferred to vermiculate in Magenta containers for acclimatization and after 3 weeks they were planted in
to plastic pots containing potting soil and maintained in the plant growth room. 相似文献
2.
Buhara Yucesan Arzu Ucar Turker Ekrem Gurel 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,91(3):243-250
A very efficient and rapid regeneration system via multiple shoot formation was developed for Cichorium intybus L. when leaf explants excised from sterile seedlings were cultured on medium supplemented with different concentrations and
combinations of various plant growth regulators. In a comparison of leaf lamina and petiole explants, lamina explants produced
over three times more shoots than petiole explants, with a mean of 7.5 shoots compared to 2.4. Of the combinations of KIN/IAA,
KIN/NAA, BAP/IAA, or BAP/NAA, 0.5 mg l−1 KIN combined with 0.3 mg l−1 IAA was the most effective, producing a mean of 19.7 shoots per lamina explant while the control treatment involving no plant
growth regulators produced no shoots at all. When either cytokinin was used alone, BAP was found nearly twice more successful
than KIN. However, the most effective treatment of all was the combination of 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ and 1.0 mg l−1 IAA, producing as many as 35.8 shoots per lamina explant. This rate of shoot regeneration is remarkably higher than those
previously reported for C. intybus, most likely due to the highly inductive effect of TDZ, which was tested for the first time in this species. Rooting of the
shoots was readily achieved on medium containing different concentrations of IAA or IBA. IAA was more effective than IBA and
resulted in the highest frequency of shoots that rooted (100%) and mean number of roots per shoot (4.2) when used at 0.5 mg l−1. Hardening off process resulted in a production of more than 80% healthy plantlets. 相似文献
3.
The goals of this study were to investigate thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced morphogenesis of Echinacea purpurea L. and to assess the possibility of developing a liquid-based protocol for rapid micropropagation. Callus development and root organogenesis were observed on leaf explants cultured on media containing 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid or dicamba, but no plantlets were regenerated. Addition of TDZ to the culture medium as the sole growth regulator resulted in the production of regenerable callus cultures. The highest rate of regeneration was observed for explants cultured on medium with TDZ at 2.5 μM or higher. Tissue derived from 1.0 μM TDZ treatments was used to initiate liquid cultures. All liquid treatments produced a similar number of regenerants but significantly more healthy plants were obtained from cultures grown in the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 μM TDZ. This TDZ-based micropropagation system is the first liquid, large-scale propagation protocol developed for the mass production of E. purpurea plants. 相似文献
4.
Epicotyl, petiole, and cotyledon explants derived from 14-d-old seedlings of Albizia odoratissima were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of either 6-benzylaminopurine
(BAP) solely or in combination with 0.5 μM naphthalene-3-acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of shoot regeneration and the number
of shoots regenerated varied significantly depending on the type of explants used, the concentration of plant growth regulators,
and the orientation of explants on the culture medium. The best response in terms of the percentage of shoot regeneration
was obtained from epicotyls cultured horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 5 μM BAP, whereas the highest number of shoots
per responding explant was recorded on medium containing 2.5 μM BAP and 0.5 μM NAA. Successful rooting was achieved by placing
the microshoots onto MS medium containing 25 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 24 h first, then transferring to the same
medium without IBA. Of the various substrates tested, vermiculite was the best for plant acclimatization, as 75% of the plants
survived and became established. 相似文献
5.
Songul Gurel Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu Ekrem Gurel Huseyin Avni Oktem Meral Yucel 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(2):261-268
The effects of a two-stage pretreatment of seedlings on the subsequent shoot regeneration capacity were investigated. Pretreated
seedlings were obtained by germinating seeds on three different germination media and then further culturing on six different growth media. Lamina and petiole explants of two sugar beet (Beta
vulgaris L.) breeding lines were then excised from the pretreated seedlings and cultured on five different shoot regeneration media. In both breeding lines, petiole explants produced significantly more shoots than lamina explants with higher frequencies
of organogenic capacities; petiole explants of the lines M1195 and ELK345 produced a mean of 2.1 and 2.7 shoots per explant
while their lamina explants produced 1.5 and 2.2 shoots per explant, respectively. A genotypic variation was evident as the
line ELK345 was more productive for shoot development from both types of explants. In overall comparisons of different germination, growth and regeneration media, germination medium was most effective when supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) while both growth and regeneration
media were most productive when contained a combination of 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Of all
the treatments tested, the highest mean number of shoots per explant (8.3 shoots) and frequency of organogenic explants (75.6%)
were obtained on regeneration medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA when petiole explants of the line ELK345
were excised from the seedlings that had been germinated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA followed by further growth on medium
containing 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA. 相似文献
6.
Development of an efficient in vitro propagation system for Huang-qin (Scutellaria baicalensis), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used in the treatment of a wide range of human ailments, is described. Thidiazuron
[TDZ: N-phenyl-N′- (1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea)] effectively induced regeneration on cultured intact seedlings, etiolated hypocotyl
explants and sterile stem segments of Huang-qin. Histological examinations of excised hypocotyl or nodal explants revealed
that adventitious shoots formed through an intermediate callus. Comparison of TDZ-induced regeneration in the three tissue
types indicated that isolation of explants was not essential for optimal regenerative efficiency. Significantly more regenerants
formed along hypocotyls of intact seedlings (20 shoots/explant) than were observed on excised hypocotyls (9.7 shoots/explant)
indicating that endogenous metabolites produced in adjacent tissues provided resources for the shoot initiation. More than
95% of de novo regenerants formed roots and then intact plantlets under either sterile culture or greenhouse conditions. Regeneration protocols
developed in this study may provide the basis for improvement of this crop through the identification of medicinally active
constituents and eventual development optimized pharmaceutical products.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Q. L. Xu Y. H. Xie H. Ru X. Hu Ch. Y. Wang X. Yu. Wang 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2009,56(4):546-550
An efficient system for in vitro regeneration of red leaf beet, a variety of leaf beet (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla L.) generally used to decorate parterre and to prepare betacyanin, was developed for the first time in the present study.
Shoot tip and petiole explants from the sterile seedlings, precultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 15 mg/l 6-benzyladenine
(BA) and 3% sucrose at 16 °C for 30 days, could form 81.02 and 17.33% translucent nodular (TN) calli, respectively. All TN
calli were able to differentiate into adventitious shoots under the same culture conditions. Each explant with TN callus from
the shoot tip and petiole could generate 8.65 shoots on average. It was found that both preculture of sterile seedlings and
culture of explants at low temperature (16 °C) were vital for TN callus induction and adventitious bud formation of red leaf
beet. The best condition for rooting was 0.5-strength MS medium with 10 g/l sucrose. After being transplanted into soil, plantlets
grew well and could flower and bear fruits. Histological observation revealed that TN callus was derived from the cells of
vascular tissue of the petiole and that adventitious shoots were formed through organogenesis. The factors influencing in
vitro micropropagation are also discussed.
Published in Russian in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2009, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 603–608.
This text was submitted by the autors in English. 相似文献
8.
B. Wang D. X. Peng Z. X. Sun N. Zhang S. M. Gao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):105-111
Ramie [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud] is one of the most important perennial fiber crops in China. In vitro tissue culture of ramie could serve as an important means for its improvement through genetic transformation. To improve
the regeneration capacity of ramie, the effects on plant regeneration of donor plant age, basal medium, plant growth regulators,
and culture conditions were evaluated using explants derived from the cotyledon, hypocotyl, leaf, petiole, and stem of ramie
seedlings. Cotyledons and hypocotyls excised from 4-d-old seedlings and leaves and petioles and stems from 15-d-old seedlings
were optimal explants. The highest regeneration efficiency was obtained on Murashige and Skoog salts with Gamborg’s B5 vitamins basal medium containing 2.27 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.054 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for the five explant
types tested. A photoperiod of 16:8 h (light/dark) was found to be superior than continuous darkness for regeneration of ramie
using TDZ. The regenerated shoots were transferred to hormone-free medium for shoot elongation and successfully rooted on
half-strength Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 0.134 μM NAA. The rooted plantlets with four to five leaves were transplanted
to greenhouse for further growth. 相似文献
9.
The biochemical mechanisms underlying thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced regeneration in plant cells have not been clearly elucidated.
Exposure of leaf explants of Echinacea purpurea to a medium containing TDZ results in undifferentiated cell proliferation and differentiated growth as mixed shoot organogenesis
and somatic embryogenesis. The current studies were undertaken to determine the potential roles of auxin, indoleamines, and
ion signaling in the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of plant cells. E. purpurea leaf explants were found to contain auxin and the related indoleamine neurotransmitters, melatonin, and serotonin. The levels
of these endogenous indoleamines were increased by exposure to TDZ associated with the induction of regeneration. The auxin-transport
inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and auxin action inhibitor, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid decreased the TDZ-induced regeneration but increased concentrations of endogenous serotonin
and melatonin. As well, inhibitors of calcium and sodium transport significantly reduced TDZ-induced morphogenesis while increasing
endogenous indoleamine content. These data indicate that TDZ-induced regeneration is the manifestation of a metabolic cascade
that includes an initial signaling event, accumulation, and transport of endogenous plant signals such as auxin and melatonin,
a system of secondary messengers, and a concurrent stress response. 相似文献
10.
Using cotyledon explants excised from seedlings germinated in vitro, an efficient plant regeneration system via organogenesis was established for bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.). Maximum shoot regeneration was obtained when the proximal parts of cotyledons from 4-day-old seedlings were cultured on MS medium with 3 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l AgNO3 under a 16-h photoperiod. After 3–4 weeks of culture, 21.9–80.7% of explants from the five cultivars regenerated shoots. Adventitious shoots were successfully rooted on a half-strength MS medium with 0.1 mg/l IAA for 2–3 weeks. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that most of the regenerated plants derived from culture on medium with AgNO3 were diploid. 相似文献
11.
Plants were regenerated from the in vitro cultured explants of primary leaves of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Primary leaves, including the intact petiole, were excised from three-day-old seedlings and cultured on Gamborg's B5 basal medium containing 8×10–7 M 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1×10–2 M L-glutamine and 1×10–4 M adenine sulfate. Callus formed at the petiole end. Prolific shoot regeneration occurred when this callus was transferred to B5 basal medium containing 5×10–6 M 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP). Regenerated shoots rooted in growth-regulator-free B5 basal medium and were established in soil.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-napthalene acetic acid
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
12.
We have achieved high-frequency shoot regeneration in radish(Raphanus sativus). Cotyledon explants from four-day-old seedlings were suitable for the effective induction of shoots on Murashige and Skoog’s
(MS) medium containing 3.0 mg/L kinetin. We also determined that it was essential to include 1- to 2-ram petiole segments
with the cotyledons for efficient induction. When the regenerated shoots were transferred to an MS liquid medium containing
0.1 mg/L NAA, roots formed within four weeks, and normal plant development ensued. We established a transformation protocol
using anAgrobacterium binary vector that carries the GUS reporter gene. Preculturing the explants for I d in an MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L kinetin
also increased efficiency. Five days of cocultivation proved best for delivering T-DNA into radish. Transformation frequencies
of up to 52% were obtained in shoot induction media that contained 3.0 mg/L kinetin. 相似文献
13.
Summary
Echinacea purpurea seedlings were inoculated with several Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains in order to obtain hairy roots. Infection with A. rhizogenes strains LMG63 and LMG150 resulted in callus formation. Upon infection with strains ATCC 15834 and R1601 hairy roots were obtained. Opine detection confirmed transformation of E. purpurea. Comparative HPLC fingerprint analysis of the alkamides from natural plant source, control tissues, and transformed callus and roots indicated that transformed callus and hairy roots might be a promising source for continuous and standardized production of the dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and related amides.Abbreviations HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
- MS
Murashige and Skoog culture medium 相似文献
14.
Emilio Maruyama Katsuaki Ishii Isao Kinoshita Kihachiro Ohba Akira Saito 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(2):131-135
Summary Shoot organogenesis of Guazuma crinita Mart. from root and petiole explants was obtained via adventitious bud formation. Root segments and petiole explants excised
from in vitro generated plantlets were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with [trans-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2- enyl)aminopurine]
(zeatin) or with [6-benzyladenine] (BA). After 45 d of culturing, clumps of green bulbous structures containing small adventitious
buds (clusters) were generated in all explants cultured with 10 μM zeatin under a photon flux density of 65 μmol m−2 s−1. For subsequent shoot differentiation, clusters were transferred onto medium containing 1 μM zeatin. After 60 d of culturing, 30% of clusters generated from petiole explants developed into plants. The regenerated plantlets
were successfully acclimatized and all survived and grew well. No morphological abnormalities were observed. 相似文献
15.
Piedad Gallego Oscar Hita Nieves Villalobos Ana Dorado Luisa Martin Hilario Guerra 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):199-203
Summary An efficient plant regeneration system employing cotyledons, hypocotyls, petioles and leaves as explants and characterized
by continuous and prolific production of somatic embryos, has been developed with Medicago arborea ssp. arborea. The optimal somatic embryogenic response was obtained using a two-step protocol, where explants were incubated under a 16
h photoperiod for 2 mo. on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 9 μM) and kinetin (9 μM), and followed by transfer to kinetin-free MS medium with 2,4-D (2.25 μM). Removal of the cytokinin and a reduction in the concentration of auxin (2.25 μM) in the second step of culture were critical for enhanced production of somatic embryos. The best explants proved to be cotyledons
and petioles (i.e. a mean of 18.0±0.70 somatic embryos at 3 mo. for petiole culture). Somatic embryos were converted into
normal plantlets (8.0±0.89%) when cultured on basal MS medium with 5 μM indolebutyric acid. No somatic embryos were obtained when thidiazuron was used in the culture media. Using petioles as explants
and N6-benzyladenine (BA), embryogenesis was induced in the second step of culture when BA was removed from the medium and the concentration
of 2,4-D was decreased to 2.25 μM. 相似文献
16.
Luping Qu Jianjn Chen Richard J. Henny Yingfeng Huang Russell D. Caldwell Cynthia A. Robinson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(3):268-271
Summary Regeneration of adventitious shoots of pothos (Epipremnum aureum Linden and Andre) ‘Jade’ was obtained using leaf and petiole explants preprated from shoot tips of 3-yr-old greenhouse-grown
plants. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methy-trans-2-butenyl-amino)purine
(zeatin) or N-isopentenylaminopurine (2iP) individually with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in 18 combinations. Callus was initiated from
cut surface and along the midrib or major vein of leaf sections. Shoot regeneration from leaf and petoole explants occurred
in 30d on medium containing 1, 5 or 10μM TDZ with 0.5 or 1.0μM NAA except petioles on medium with 10 μM TDZ and 1.0 μM NAA where regeneration failed. More time (50d) was needed for shoot regeneration when explants were cultured on medium containing
either 2iP or zeatin with NAA. Regeneration frequencies were up to 20% and 50% for leaf and petiole explants, respectively.
Shoot numbers per responding explant attained 30 for leaf and petiole explants on medium containing TDZ but only one to four
on medium containing either 2iP or zeatin. These results indicate that TDZ is a more effective cytokinin for in vitro regeneration of pothos than either zeatin or 2iP.. Shoots elongated readily and rooted well on MS basal medium, without plant
growth regulators. Plantlets acclimatized rapidly and grew vigorously in the greenhouse after transfer to pots containing
a commerecial potting medium. 相似文献
17.
An efficient and rapid plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established for Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endangered and valuable medicinal plant. Hypocotyl explants excised from seedlings germinated in vitro
were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of kinetin and indoleacetic acid
(IAA) to induce shoot formation. Differentiation of multiple shoots was initiated within 3 weeks of culture. Optimal regeneration
was achieved on medium containing 3 mg/l kinetin and 0.5 mg/l IAA. This particular medium composition significantly improved
the production of multiple shoots directly from hypocotyl explants compared to other combinations of plant growth regulators.
Root induction was achieved on half-strength MS medium containing indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were successfully
acclimatized, with a survival rate of 75–80%. The protocol developed in this study could be used for long-term in vitro conservation
and mass propagation of this species. 相似文献
18.
Choffe Kristen L. Murch Susan J. Saxena Praveen K. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):227-234
An in vitro propagation system was developed for Echinacea purpureaL. (purple coneflower), a medicinal plant commonly used in the treatment of colds, flu and related ailments. Root organogenesis
from Echinacea purpurea hypocotyl explants was effectively induced by indolebutyric acid. Indoleacetic acid was found to be less effective than indolebutyric
acid while treatments with naphthaleneacetic acid were ineffective for induction of root organogenesis. The results of this
study have established a micropropagation system for Echinacea purpurea that will provide axenic plant material for further investigations into medicinally active biochemicals and the mass production
of high-quality Echinacea purpurea root tissues for the commercial market.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Rapid propagation of Eleutherococcus senticosus via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of seedlings 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Explants from three different parts (cotyledon, hypocotyl or root) of one week-old seedlings of Eleutherococcus senticosus were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D. Somatic embryos were formed directly from the surfaces of explants. The frequency of direct somatic embryo formation
was the highest in the hypocotyl segments (75%) as compared to cotyledon (56%) or root segments (12%). When hypocotyl explants
from 3 different stages of seedlings (zero, one or three week-old) were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, the frequency of somatic embryo formation rapidly declined as the zygotic embryos germinated. However most somatic
embryos (93%) from explants of zygotic embryos developed as fused state (multiple embryo), whereas somatic embryos (over 89%)
from more developed seedlings developed into single state (single embryo). Single embryos germinated and regenerated into
plantlets with both shoots and roots, while multiple embryos only regenerated into only multiple shoots. Plantlets that regenerated
from single embryos of E. senticosus were acclimatized in a greenhouse.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from callus of safflower 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was established for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6. Embryogenic calli were induced from 10 to 17-d-old cotyledon and leaf explants from in vitro seedlings. High frequency (94.3 %) embryogenic callus was obtained from cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s
germination (MSG) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron, 2-isopentenyladenine and indole-3-butyric acid. Primary, secondary
and cyclic somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli in a different media free of plant growth regulators, however,
100 % cyclic somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon derived embryogenic calli cultured on MSG. Somatic embryos
matured and germinated in quarter-strength MSG medium supplemented with gibberellic acid. Cotyledons with root poles or non
root poles were converted to normal plantlets and produced adventitious roots in rooting medium. Rooted plants were acclimatized
and successfully transferred to the field. 相似文献