保鲜液对郁金香切花寿命和内源激素含量的影响（简报）

低温（4℃）条件下,4种保鲜液（1mmol·L－1硫代硫酸银＋200mg·L-1-羟基喹啉＋2％蔗糖＋300mg·L-1柠檬酸及不同浓度6－BA或GA3组合）均可延长郁金香切花的寿命,其中以含有6－BA的保鲜液作用最显著。对照和含有GA3的保鲜液处理的切花第8d出现乙烯高峰,IAA和ABA含量前期下降后期开高;而含有6－BA的保鲜液处理的切花乙烯、IAA和ABA均呈下降趋势。3种内源激素含量变化与切花衰老在时间进程上是一致的。     

切花保鲜探讨

对唐菖蒲等切花进行了处理,测定其内源植物激素的变化,结果表明：通过抑制乙烯生成保鲜效果差,相反,通过促进内源乙释放的途径,可以延缓中寿花唐菖蒲、玫瑰、月季、和短寿花昙花,令箭荷花的衰老;对蜀葵、黄花等中、短寿花、可以通过促进水分吸收的途径来延缓衰老。并再次证明长寿花的内源乙烯生成能力与ＣＴＫ／ＡＢＡ比值均比短寿花高。     

思连康治疗儿童功能性消化不良临床分析

目的探讨思连康治疗儿童功能性消化不良的效果和临床应用安全性。方法采用随机、对照方法,使用思连康治疗3—14周岁患有儿童功能性消化不良症状的患儿各70例。所有参加临床验证的患儿均严格按照人选标准、排除标准选择病例,试验方法和给药方法完全统一。观察日服药物后的起效时间及第6、10天的症状缓解率。结果服药后上腹痛、嗳酸及上腹不适、烧心感症状的半小时缓解率,思连康治疗组优于多酶片对照组,分别为41．42％和11．42％、45．71％和17．14％、35．71％和15．71％（P均〈0．01）。思连康治疗组治疗后的第6天与第10天,临床症状总积分较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．01）,有效率分别为80％和75．71％,均高于多酶片对照组（38．57％、48．57％,P均〈0．01）,其中上腹痛、上腹不适与烧心症状的改善更为明显。整个疗程中,思连康治疗组未发现任何不良反应。结论思连康对儿童功能性消化不良症状具有显著疗效,本试验期间未观察到任何毒副作用,口味香甜,受到患儿欢迎。     

天然心房肽的氨基酸分析及对心肌细胞存活期影响的初步观察

通过体外培养大鼠心肌细胞实验观察到，低小牛血清（５％）Ｅａｇｌｅ液内培养心肌细胞的存活期为６～１０天；在加入２００μｇ天然心房肽的低血清Ｅａｇｌｅ液中心肌细胞存活期延长到１５～２０天，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而正常Ｅａｇｌｅ液（含小牛血清１５％）中心肌细胞存活期可超过２０天。因此，认为天然心肌房肽对心肌细胞有一定滋养作用。     

麝香石竹花衰老过程中钙调蛋白含量变化与乙烯生物合成的关系

麝香石竹（Ｄｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｃａｒｙｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓｓｕｕ ｂｅａｍ ’）切花在第４ 天开始释放乙烯,１－氨基－环丙烷－１－羧酸（ＡＣＣ）含量、ＡＣＣ合酶活性相应增加,乙烯释放第６ 天达到高峰,随后逐渐下降。钙调蛋白含量的变化和ＡＣＣ合酶活性的变化趋势一致。ＧＡ、硫代硫酸银（ＳＴＳ）和氨基氧乙酸（ＡＯＡ）处理的切花中钙调蛋白含量比同期对照的低,乙烯生物合成被抑制,切花衰老被推迟。钙离子促进花瓣乙烯的释放。钙调蛋白抑制剂氯丙嗪（ＣＰＺ）对乙烯释放具有抑制作用     

诱导子对藏红花悬浮培养细胞生产藏红花色素的影响

考察壳聚糖（chitosan）、壳寡糖（chitosanoligosaccharides,COS）、茉莉酸甲酯（methyljasmonate,MJ）、水杨酸（salicylicacid,SA）和Cu2＋等诱导子对藏红花悬浮培养细胞生长和藏红花色素合成的影响。结果表明：在实验考察浓度范围内,壳寡糖（1～500mg／L）和较低浓度壳聚糖（≤10mrdL）、MJ（≤10μmol／L）、SA（≤10μμmol／L）和Cu2＋（≤1μmoL／L）对细胞生长无显著影响;较高浓度壳聚糖（≥100mg／L）、MJ（≥100μmol／L）、SA（≥100μmoL／L）和cu“（≥10μmoL／L）显著抑制细胞生长。5种诱导子对藏红花色素合成的诱导效果不同,并且与诱导子作用浓度和添加时间有关。MJ诱导效果最好,在细胞培养第0天添加终浓度100仙moL／LMJ,藏红花色素含量（以1克干细胞计）达到28．57mg,比对照提高177．9％。其次是cu“,在细胞培养第4天添加终浓度500μmoL／LCu2＋,色素含量达到19．82mg,比对照提高108．2％。再次是壳聚糖和壳寡糖,在细胞培养第14天分别添加终质量浓度100mg／L壳聚糖和壳寡糖,色素含量分别达到18．33和17．39mg,比对照提高69．1％和69．0％。最后是SA,在细胞培养第14天添加终浓度10μmoL／LSA,色素含量达到14．65mg,比对照提高45．4％。     

微生物发酵合成L－缬氨酸－~（15）N

采用含有稳定同位素￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵为主要氮源的专用发酵培养液配方和相应的工艺条件,在国内首次用微生物直接发酵研制成Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ高丰度精制产品。产品￣（１５）Ｎ丰度９７．６８％,反比原料￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵丰度下降０．５３％,Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ产酸率最高达４％以上（未校正）。每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得到１克以上的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ（分析值）。提取精制收率平均为８０－９０％（单程）,最高达到９５％以上（二次提取）。实际每克￣（１５）Ｎ－硫铵可得０．６克左右的Ｌ－缬氨酸－￣（１５）Ｎ精制产品。     

微波对人类生精作用远期效应的形态学观察

为了直接观察微波对人类生精细胞作用的远期效应,并了解微波节育的安全性和可逆性,本文对３０名微波节育志愿受试者,在停止微波照射２年后,用光镜和扫描电镜对其精液标本进行了形态学观察,并统计畸形精子的比率．光镜下,１５名志愿者的畸形精子率,范围为８．９％～２７．０％,平均为１７．６％±５．１％．扫描电镜下,另１５名志愿者的畸形精子率,范围是１７．５％～３３．７％,平均为２４．８％±４．６％．光镜下６名同龄的正常生育力男性的畸形精子率,范围为６．１％～１５．３％,平均为９．７％±３．４％．志愿者与正常生育力男性之间的光镜下畸形精子率差异十分显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但均在正常范围之内．结果显示在停止微波照射２年以后,志愿者的生精作用已基本恢复正常．．     

唐菖蒲的愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

以唐菖蒲品种‘Advanced red’的籽球、花柱、子房和花丝为外植体,研究了不同种类和浓度生长调节物质以及籽球的不同接种方式对愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明：唐菖蒲籽球的中部切片为最佳外植体,倒接（形态学下端向上）是最佳接种方式,诱导非胚性（NEC）和胚性（EC）愈伤组织形成的最佳诱导培养基分别为MS＋6mg·L^-1 NAA和MS＋6mg·L^-1 TDZ,诱导率分别达65．53％和71．88％。NEC和EC均能分化不定芽,分化率分别达88．89％和61．11％。最佳生根培养基上的生根率为87．50％。     

缺氧及氧恢复对马铃薯块茎线粒体中活性氧及抗氧化酶的影响

选用马铃薯‘Favorita’品种,采用淹水及淹水后恢复通气的方法,研究了缺氧及氧恢复条件对马铃薯块茎亚细胞水平线粒体中活性氧（R0s）及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明：缺氧胁迫会导致块茎线粒体中超氧阴离子（0;）的发生速率、过氧化氢（H202）及丙二醛（MDA）的含量先升高后下降,其中在缺氧第1天时分别比对照升高43．95％、49．18％、69．20％,在缺氧第3天时各项指标均达到最大值：而缺氧胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈现先降低、后升高、再降低的趋势,其中缺氧第1天分别比对照降低28．35％、31．48％、37．36％。氧恢复时07发生速率,H：O：及MDA含量,SOD、APX、CAT的活性同样呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中与缺氧1d未恢复对照相比,氧恢复1d分别提高144．69％、63．45％、59．07％、39．29％、11．45％、2．88％。另外,上述各项指标因缺氧胁迫与氧恢复时间的不同而有较大的变化。由此推测：氧恢复比缺氧胁迫更能促进马铃薯块茎线粒体ROS的爆发,加剧膜脂过氧化,并增强线粒体抗氧化酶的短时防御性能。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418