The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of the barrier reef ecosystems at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, and other parts of the Caribbean Sea, with descriptions of twenty-seven new species and revision of Heterodrilus, Thalassodrilides and Smithsonidrilus

Fifty-nine species of Tubifieidae are recorded from Belize on the Caribbean side of Central America. Twenty-five are new to science: Ainudrilus geminus sp.n., Heronidrilus gravidus sp.n., Heterodrilus flexuosus sp.n., H. ranus sp.n., H. modestus sp.n., Coralliodrilus rugosus sp.n., C. randyi sp.n., Phallodrilus compactus sp. n., P. singularis sp.n., P. vicinus sp.n., P. nasutus sp.n., P. bipartitus sp.n., Inanidrilus reginae sp.n., Olavius finitimus sp.n., O. vacuus sp.n., O. (Olavius) pravus sp.n., Bathydrilus vetustus sp.n., B. egenus sp.n., Thalassodrilides bruneti sp.n., Limnodriloides anxius sp.n., L. major sp.n., L. sacculus sp.n., L. adversus sp.n., Smithsonidrilus appositus sp.n., S. involutus sp.n. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Heterodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, Thalassodrilides Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979, and Marcusaedrilus Righi & Kanner, 1979, are paraphyletic taxa as previously defined. They are therefore revised to include also apomorphic species earlier attributed to separate genera; in so doing, Marcusaedrilus becomes a junior synonym of Smithsonidrilus Brinkhurst, 1966. Smithsonidrilus pauper sp.n. (Peru), and S. multiglandularis sp.n. (Florida and Puerto Rico) are also described, and Limnodriloides claviger Erséus, 1982 is regarded as a synonym of L. pierantonii (Hrabě, 1971).     

Rhachicreagra (Acrididae, Ommatolampinae): forest grasshoppers from Central america with unique aedeagal asymmetry

Abstract. Rhachicreagra species are confined to Central American wet tropical forests, both lowland and montane. The asymmetric aedeagus with the left penis valve suppressed is unique in the Acridoidea. Keys are provided to both sexes of the seventeen recognized species: achrosta sp.n., anchidiphalara sp.n., astytophallus sp.n., brachysphagiocerca sp.n., drymocnemensis sp.n., gracilis Bruner, Haematodes sp.n., Khayachorsa sp.n., himantocerca sp.n. maya sp.n., melanota sp.n., sp.n., mexicana Hebard, nothra Rehn (= pallipes Bruner, = aeruginosa Bruner syn.n), obsidian sp.n., olmeca sp.n., pomatiaphallus sp.n., sphagicerca sp.n.; the small geographical ranges of these species argue for great care in the choice of representative forest blocks for purposes of faunal conservation in Central America.     

The Nematode Fauna in the Sulphide-Rich Brine Seep and Adjacent Bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. I Chromadorida

Sixteen nematode species of the order Chromadorida are described from the East Flower Garden at 72 m depth in the north-western Gulf of Mexico. The material is from sandy bottom samples influenced or beyond the influence of a sulphide-rich brine seep. Fifteen species are new to science: Acantholaimus quadridentatus sp.n., Prochromadorella papillata sp.n., Austranema mexicanum sp.n., Rhips anoxybiotica sp.n., Filitonchoides thiobioticus gen. et sp.n., Paracyatholaimus spinulaosus sp.n., Marylynnia punctata sp.n., Marylynnia johanseni sp.n., Acanthopharyngoides bidentatus sp.n., Desmodora (Croconema)punctata sp.n., Desmodora (Desmodora) curvispiculum sp.n., Desmodora (Pseudochromadora) bulbosa sp.n., Chromaspirinia longisetosa sp.n., Prochaetosoma brighti sp.n. and Ixonema powelli sp.n. A specimen of Bathyepsilonema is also described and is probably new to science, but the available material only includes a female.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)

Abstract.  A revision of the Charis cleonus group of Neotropical riodinid butterflies is presented, including discussions on the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of its species, and illustrations of the adults and male and female genitalia (where known) of all taxa. We recognize twenty-two species, including nineteen new species: C. ariquemes sp.n., C. brasilia sp.n., C. breves sp.n., C. cacaulandia sp.n., C. cuiaba sp.n., C. humaita sp.n., C. ipiranga sp.n., C. iquitos sp.n., C. ma sp.n., C. manicore sp.n., C. manu sp.n., C. matic sp.n., C. maues sp.n., C. negro sp.n., C. palcazu sp.n., C. rocana sp.n., C. santarem sp.n., C. tapajos sp.n and C. tefe sp.n. A cladistic analysis using thirty-six characters of male and female genitalia and external facies generated a single most parsimonious cladogram highlighting the existence of two clades, the major and cleonus subgroups. As each species largely occupies a parapatric range, this cladogram provides the opportunity to reassess historical relationships among areas of endemism in the Amazon basin.     

Gnathostomulida from Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand

Of 54 species of Gnathostomulida known to date, only six have been reported from the Pacific Ocean. This paper describes 18 species of Gnathostomulida from the Pacific islands of Fiji. Tonga and northern New Zealand. Of these, three are species previously described from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Haplognathia ruberrima (Sterrer 1966), or the northwestern Atlantic: Haplognathia rosacea (Sterrer 1970) and Pterognathia ctenifera (Sterrer 1970). Fifteen species are new to science, including three that represent two new genera: Cosmognathia arcus gen. et sp.n., Cosmognathia bastillae sp.n., Pterognathia crocodilus sp.n., Pterognathia vilii sp.n., Agnathiella sp., Tenuignathia vitiensis sp.n., Ratugnathia mukuluvae gen . et sp.n., Gnathostomula salotae sp.n., Gnathostomula raji sp.n., Gnathostomula maorica sp.n., Austrognathia singatokae sp.n., Austrognathia nannulifera sp.n., Austrognathia novaezelandiae sp.n., Austrognatharia homunculus sp.n., and Austrognatharia pecten sp.n.     

A revision of the genus Arenivaga (Rehn) (Blattodea,Corydiidae), with descriptions of new species and key to the males of the genus

The cockroach genus Arenivaga is revised. Forty-eight Arenivaga species are recognized with nine previously known species and 39 described as new including the following: A. pagana sp. n., A. grandiscanyonensis sp. n., A. haringtoni sp. n., A. hopkinsorum sp. n., A. umbratilis sp. n., A. tenax sp. n., A. impensa sp. n., A. trypheros sp. n., A. darwini sp. n., A. nalepae sp. n., A. sequoia sp. n., A. mckittrickae sp. n., A. gaiophanes sp. n., A. belli sp. n., A. estelleae sp. n., A. delicata sp. n., A. mortisvallisensis sp. n., A. milleri sp. n., A. pratchetti sp. n., A. gumperzae sp. n., A. rothi sp. n., A. ricei sp. n., A. adamsi sp. n., A. nicklei sp. n., A. akanthikos sp. n., A. moctezuma sp. n., A. paradoxa sp. n., A. apaeninsula sp. n., A. hebardi sp. n., A. dnopheros sp. n., A. aquila sp. n., A. florilega sp. n., A. galeana sp. n., A. gurneyi sp. n., A. pumila sp. n., A. hypogaios sp. n., A. diaphana sp. n., A. nocturna sp. n., A. alichenas sp. n. All species are described or redescribed, major morphological features are illustrated, distributions are characterized, and the biology of the species is reviewed. A neotype series is designated for A. investigata Friauf & Edney.     

Bezzimyia— a genus of native New World Rhinophoridae (Insecta, Diptera)

The New World genus Bezzimyia Townsend, 1919 is revised and the following 15 new species are described: B. barbarista sp. n., B. bisecta sp. n., B. bulbosa sp. n., B. floridensis sp. n., B. hansoni sp. n., B. jamaica sp. n., B. lapidicina sp. n., B. orestes sp. n., B. pittieri sp. n., B. platina sp. n., B. ramicornis sp. n., B. setifax sp. n., B. sternothrix sp. n., B. thompsonorum sp. n. and B. yepezi sp. n. The oviposition, egg and first instar larva are described for Bezzimyia yepezi from Venezuela. It is argued that Bezzimyia is a member of the family Rhinophoridae, which was previously considered to be represented in the New World only through two immigrant Palaearctic species.     

Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera,Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the?Australian and southwest Pacific fauna

The Australasian and southwest Pacific species of Oxyscelio (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) are revised. A total of 80 species are recognized as valid, 13 of which are redescribed: O. atricoxa (Dodd), O. concoloripes (Dodd), O. flavipes (Kieffer), O. grandis (Dodd), O. hyalinipennis (Dodd), O. magniclava (Dodd), O. mirellus (Dodd), O. montanus (Dodd), O. nigriclava (Dodd), O. nigricoxa (Dodd), O. rugulosus (Dodd), O. shakespearei (Girault), and O. solitarius (Dodd). Oxyscelio glabriscutellum (Dodd) syn. n. is placed as a subjective junior synonym of O. rugulosus. Sixty-seven new species are described, many representing new distributional records for the genus - O. aciculae Burks, sp. n., O. anfractus Burks, sp. n., O. bellariorum Burks, sp. n., O. bicoloripedis Burks, sp. n., O. brevitas Burks, sp. n., O. catenae Burks, sp. n., O. caudarum Burks, sp. n., O. circulorum Burks, sp. n., O. clivi Burks, sp. n., O. clupei Burks, sp. n., O. conjuncti Burks, sp. n., O. contusionis Burks, sp. n., O. corrugationis Burks, sp. n., O. croci Burks, sp. n., O. cuspidis Burks, sp. n., O. densitatis Burks, sp. n., O. dissimulationis Burks, sp. n., O. divisionis Burks, sp. n., O. exiguitatis Burks, sp. n., O. fluctuum Burks, sp. n., O. foliorum Burks, sp. n., O. funis Burks, sp. n., O. gressus Burks, sp. n., O. hamorum Burks, sp. n., O. incisurae Burks, sp. n., O. lenitatis Burks, sp. n., O. leviventris Burks, sp. n., O. limbi Burks, sp. n., O. liminis Burks, sp. n., O. linguae Burks, sp. n., O. lintris Burks, sp. n., O. livens Burks, sp. n., O. mystacis Burks, sp. n., O. nasi Burks, sp. n., O. nitoris Burks, sp. n., O. obliquiatis Burks, sp. n., O. oblongiclypei Burks, sp. n., O. obturationis Burks, sp. n., O. oculi Burks, sp. n., O. palati Burks, sp. n., O. pectinis Burks, sp. n., O. pollicis Burks, sp. n., O. proceritatis Burks, sp. n., O. productionis Burks, sp. n., O. radii Burks, sp. n., O. rami Burks, sp. n., O. rupturae Burks, sp. n., O. sarcinae Burks, sp. n., O. scismatis Burks, sp. n., O. sciuri Burks, sp. n., O. scutorum Burks, sp. n., O. sepisessor Burks, sp. n., O. sinuationis Burks, sp. n., O. sordes Burks, sp. n., O. spatula Burks, sp. n., O. stipulae Burks, sp. n., O. stringerae Burks, sp. n., O. tenuitatis Burks, sp. n., O. truncationis Burks, sp. n., O. tubi Burks, sp. n., O. umbonis Burks, sp. n., O. uncinorum Burks, sp. n., O. valdecatenae Burks, sp. n., O. velamenti Burks, sp. n., O. verrucae Burks, sp. n., O. viator Burks, sp. n., and O. wa Burks, sp. n. The fauna is divided into nine diagnostic species groups, with five species unplaced to group.     

Myxosporeans (Cnidospora: Myxosporea) of Antarctic fishes

Data on 13 species of fish myxosporeans from the Antarctic part of the Atlantic Ocean is present. Among them, 8 new species are described: Zschokkella australis sp. n., Davisia nototheniae sp. n., Ceratomyxa orthospora sp. n., C. ellipsoidea sp. n., C. antarctica sp. n., Leptotheca ampla sp. n., Pseudalataspora squamifrons sp. n., P. meridionalis sp. n.). Four species were found for the first time in the region and four species were found in new hosts.     

The Papuan tortricine genus Heterochorista and the systematic position of the Sparganothini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

ABSTRACT .
The previously monotypic Papuan genus Heterochorista Diakonoff, 1952 is revised and twenty-one species are recognized. Nikolaia Diakonoff, 1953 is synonymized, syn.n. with Heterochorista. The following six species are placed in new combination in Heterochorista: Nikolaia melanopsygma Diakonoff, N.inumbrata Diakonoff, N.aperta Diakonoff, Isochorista papuana Diakonoff, I.polysperma Diakonoff and Dicellitis chrysonetha Diakonoff. Thirteen new species are added to Heterochorista: acomata sp.n., rostrata sp.n., trivialis sp.n., ornata sp.n., prisca sp.n., punctulata sp.n., rufulimaculata sp.n., classeyiana sp.n., spinosa sp.n., signata sp.n., fulgens sp.n., nitida sp.n. and aura sp.n. A checklist and a key to species are provided, and adults and male and female genitalia are described and illustrated. The phylogeny of Heterochorista is outlined on the basis of a cladistic character analysis and the genus is referred to the base of the Sparganothini. The apomorphies characterizing this tribe are reviewed with regard to their phylogenetic significance and the relationship between Sparganothini, Archipini and Atterini is briefly discussed.     

Mendesellinae, a new subfamily of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with a review of relationships within the microgastroid assemblage

Abstract. A new subfamily of braconid wasps, the Mendesellinae, is proposed and described. It is represented by two genera and nine species, all newly described: Mendesella gen.n., type species M.amazonica sp.n., M.braziliensls , sp.n., M.magna sp.n., Epsilogaster gen.n., type species E.bicolor sp.n., E.brazMensis sp.n., E.dureno sp.n., E.palenque sp.n., E.tico sp.n. and E.panama sp.n. The phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies of the 'microgastroid assemblage' of Braconidae are reviewed and analysed, to clarify the status and relationships of the new subfamily.     

New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China: VI

Smaragdina schereri sp. n., Chrysolina jiangi sp. n., Ch. geae sp. n., Ch. gansuica sp. n., Sclerophaedon daccordii sp. n., Neophaedon sichuanicus sp. n., Oreomela inflata sp. n., Xingeina nigrolucens sp. n., Shaira hemipteroides sp. n. and Calomicrus atroviridis sp. n. from Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan provinces of China are described. Types of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.     

Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea: the genera Cephalosphaera, Cephalops and Beckerias

Seven new pipunculid species are described from Papua New Guinea: Cephalosphaera gymne sp.n., C. immodica sp.n. C. wauensis sp.n., Cephalops bifidus sp.n., C. multidenticulatus sp.n., C. papuaensis sp.n., and C. parmatus sp.n. Cephalops argutus (Hardy) is considered as a true Beckerias sp. and thus placed in a new combination: Beckerias argutus. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species is shortly discussed.     

Review of the western palaearctic Ichneumon-flies of the genus Rhorus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae). II. The species of the punctus,longicornis, chrysopygus,and substitutor groups,the species with the black metasoma and some others

The Western Palaearctic species of Rhorus with the black metasoma and all the species of 4 speciesgroups (the punctus, longicornis, chrysopygus, and substitutor) are revised. Fourteen new species from the Western Palaearctic Region (mainly from Europe) are described: Rh. arkhyz sp. n., Rh. avacha sp. n., Rh. boreator sp. n., Rh. brevigena sp. n., Rh. gauldi sp. n., Rh. humalai sp. n., Rh. jussilai sp. n., Rh. laricis sp. n., Rh. olenek sp. n., Rh. pristiphorae sp. n., Rh. romani sp. n., Rh. suecicus sp. n., Rh. ucrainicus sp. n., and Rh. xanthopygus sp. n. A key to 40 species is given.     

A generic revision of the Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

The generic classification of the subfamily Phallodrilinae (with a total of 252 species) is revised according to phylogenetic principles. Morphological character patterns are assessed under the principle of maximum parsimony, but due to the poor resolution and instability in the resulting cladograms, the analysis is supplemented with intuitive weighting of synapomorphic similarities. Thirty-one genera are recognized. The former definition of the type genus Phallodrilus Picrantoni, 1902, is revised and the members of this genus are reclassified into 20 taxa, each hypothesized to be monophyletic: Phallodrilus s.str . (revised to contain the type species only), Somalidrilus gcn.n., Milliganius gen.n., Phallodriloides gen.n., Albanidrilus gen.n., Abyssidrilus gen.n., Paraktedrilus gen.n., Uniporodrilus Erséus, 1979, Inermidrilus gen.n., Gianius gen.n., Mexidrilus gen.n., Peosidrilus Baker & Erséus, 1979, Atlantidrilus Erséus, 1983, Thalassodrilus Brinkhurst, 1963, Pirodrilus gen.n., Pirodriloides gen.n., Marionidrilus gen.n., Pectinodrilus gen.n., Pacifidrilus gen.n. and Pseudospiridion gen.n. Nine new species are described from the Northwest Atlantic: Phallodriloides pinnulatus sp.n., Abyssidrilus opulentus sp.n., A. potens sp.n., A. altoides sp.n., Mexidrilus obtusus sp.n., Peosidrilus dalei sp.n., P. aduncus sp.n., P. riseri sp.n., and Atlantidrilus hamulus sp.n. The genus Discordiprostatus Baker, 1982, is synonymized with Nootkadrilus Baker, 1982.     

The ant subfamilies Ponerinae,Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera,Formicidae) in the Late Eocene ambers of Europe

The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae and Pseudomyrmecinae are revised in the Baltic, Bitterfeld, Rovno, and Scandinavian ambers of the Late Eocene age. Thirteen new species are described: Amblyopone groehni sp. n., A. electrina sp. n., Pachycondyla conservata sp. n., P. tristis sp. n., Ponera lobulifera sp. n., P. mayri sp. n., P. wheeleri sp. n., Gnamptogenys rohdendorfi sp. n., Bradoponera similis sp. n., Proceratium eocenicum sp. n. (Ponerinae), Procerapachys sulcatus sp. n. (Cerapachyinae), Tetraponera europaea sp. n., and T. groehni sp. n. (Pseudomyrmecinae). Tetraponera angustata (Mayr) is synonymized with T. simplex (Mayr). Keys to species are provided.     

A contribution to the Dicyrtomidae (Collembola) of Hawaii

Ten new species in three subgenera of Dicyrtoma are described from the Hawaiian Islands. Specimens were received from collections made on Hawaii, Maui, Kauai and Oahu. Species definitions are based on chaetotaxy of head, legs and the circumanal region. In addition, presence or absence of lateral spines (neosminthurid setae) on the parafurcular lobes may assist in grouping species within subgenera. Previous records of dicyrtomids from Hawaii include only one species, Ptenothrix ( Papaairioides ) daubia (Folsom). The following new species are described: Ptenothrix ( Ptenothrix ) hawaiicnaeis sp.n., Ptenothrix ( Papirioides ) kauaiensis sp.n., P. ( Papirioides ) serrata sp.n., Dicyrtoma ( Calvatomina ) sylvestratilis sp.n., D. ( Calvatomina ) brevifibra sp.n., D. ( Calvatomina ) tesselata sp.n., D. ( Calvatomina ) longidigita sp.n., D. ( Calvatomina ) bellingeri sp.n., D. ( Calvatomina ) madestris sp.n., and D. ( Calvatomina ) microdentata sp.n.