2015 年第 1 季度制药行业重大交易

“Cortellis 竞争情报” 发布的全球制药行业研发与转让 (BD&L) 动态报告称， 2015 年第 1 季度制药业新增交易 706 项， 与之相比， 2014 年第 1 和第 4 季度的新增交易仅分别为 462 和 583 项。重点报道 2015 年第 1 季度制药行业达成的最有价值和最值得关注的交易 以及交易最突出的企业，同时跟进报道相关里程碑付款、期权交易以及终止的重大交易等，并对下一季度制药行业的 BD&L 动态进行初 步展望。     

全球最有前景I—III 期临床与获批上市新药Top 5——2013 年第4 季度

本期《药业新观察》介绍了2013 年4 季度获准上市或进入后期开发阶段的主要孤儿药产品,并重点报道该季度面市或获批以及分别进入Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ期临床试验的最具前景的各5 个代表性药物。     

2014 年美国仿制药市场研发动态（I）

本期报告介绍了2014 年第1 季度各国获得简化新药申请（ANDA）批准、《药品管理档案》（DMF）申报、遭遇专利挑战的情况，以及生物仿制药市场、仿制药行业交易和相关仿制药企业的进展。     

2013 年美国仿制药市场发展动态（II）

报告介绍了2013 年第4 季度各国获得简化新药申请（ANDA）批准、《药品管理档案》（DMF）申报、遭遇专利挑战的情况，以及生物仿制药市场、仿制药行业交易和相关仿制药企业的进展。     

植物核DNA含量在全球尺度上的纬度变异式样及其气候适应意义——以菊科植物为例

核DNA含量是重要的生物学概念,涉及DNA C-值和基因组大小。前人有关植物核DNA含量在纬度梯度上的变异规律存在着矛盾的报道,而且多数将核DNA含量与纬度、海拔、气候等因素之间的关系描述成线性关系。核DNA含量是否具有环境适应上的意义,也还存在争议。先前有关核DNA含量与环境因素间关系的矛盾性报道可能与取样过小、地理范围过窄、研究对象遗传背景差异过大有关。如果对一个遗传背景相近的类群在全球范围内进行取样,核DNA含量会呈现有规律的纬度梯度变化,可能与大的气候因素之间存在非线性关系。菊科(Asteraceae)是被子植物的最大科,是一个广泛认可的自然分类群。为揭示全球空间尺度上植物核DNA含量在纬度梯度上的变异规律,以及这种变异是否具有环境适应意义,以菊科为对象开展了核DNA含量与纬度、生物气候因素关系的统计分析。从"植物DNA C-值数据库"检索到822种菊科植物的核DNA含量数据;在全球范围内,沿经度方向上设立10条样带,每条样带横跨15个经度,每条样带又均分成22个样块,每个样块纵跨7.5个纬度;其次,从"世界气候数据网站"下载1950—2000年时间段14个生物气候因子数据,应用Arc GIS 9.3获得每个样块14个生物气候因子的平均值;根据"全球生物多样性信息网站"记录,计算每个样块菊科植物平均的核DNA含量数据。为避免气候变量之间的多重共线性对数据分析的影响,应用主成分分析对数据进行了降维,发现最冷季度平均温度、最干季度雨量分别是第一、二主成分上荷载最大的因子,去除与它们相关性在-0.7至+0.7之间的其他气候因子后获得了最冷季度平均温度、最干季度雨量和最湿月份雨量三个变量用于进一步数据分析。结果发现,菊科植物在全球10个样带上的核DNA含量与纬度关系密切,与最冷季度平均温度、最干季度雨量和最湿月份雨量呈现极显著的单峰型的非线性关系,可以用二项式进行拟合。因此,全球空间尺度上植物核DNA含量沿着纬度梯度有规律性的非线性变化,这种变化具有很强的气候适应意义。     

基于DRGs的某肿瘤医院胃肠中心服务绩效分析

目的 通过对比某肿瘤专科医院胃肠中心2016年1季度与2015年1季度 DRGs相关指标,评价其住院医疗服务绩效发展情况,为科室医疗服务精细化管理提供数据支持。方法 以北京版DRGs分组器（BJ-DRGs）分组方式,运用DRGs组数、权重、病例组合指数和时间消耗指数、费用消耗指数等指标,对胃肠中心的住院医疗服务绩效进行分析。结果 胃肠中心2016年1季度的总权重较2015年1季度增加7.92%,DRGs组数减少6组,病例组合指数降低0.20,4个病区均保持较高水平的医疗质量和安全,但部分病区存在非手术治疗病例收治过多、费用消耗高等问题。结论 胃肠中心2016年1季度较2015年1季度在收治病例数和住院服务总产出上均有增加,但须注意增加收治病种范围,严格控制非手术病例的收治,继续降低患者住院费用。

     

基于地统计学的南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场分析

根据2013年南沙海域4个季度渔业资源声学走航调查数据,以声学探测生物量作为表征渔场分布的指标,对南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场进行分析。结果表明:4个季度鸢乌贼渔场均具有极强的空间相关性,其变异函数的块金效应C0值均小于0.25;通过变异函数,对不同季节分别采用不同理论模型进行拟合,夏季和秋季指数模型为最优拟合模型,春季和冬季分别为球型模型和高斯模型,夏季和冬季模型拟合较好,空间相关性较春秋季强烈;采用克里格法分季度对鸢乌贼渔场进行空间插值分析,各季度渔场生物量较高的区域大部分集中于靠近陆地的区域,表现出明显的斑块状和片状分布特点,且鸢乌贼渔场随时间变化,有逐渐向南转移的趋势。根据变异函数的理论模型和空间插值分析,对插值结果的理论值和实际值进行交叉验证发现,各季度的模型选择恰当。     

Cambridge神经科学公司与Bayer公司作成一笔2600万美元的交易

ＢｉｏＷｏｒｌｄＴｏｄａｙ１９９８年１２月２２日号报道：Ｃａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ神经科学公司与Ｂａｙｅｒ公司作成了一笔潜在价值为２６００万美元的交易,用于开发重组胶质细胞生长因子２（ＧＧＦ２）,该因子用于治疗神经退化性疾病,如多发性硬化症（ＭＳ）。对于Ｃａ...     

徐州市爬行动物市场贸易的初步调查

近几年 ,野生动物贸易日渐繁荣 ,甚至一些物种通过边境贸易出入国门。爬行动物不仅已是其中较为常见的贸易对象 ,而且需求量在不断增长。徐州地区自然分布的爬行动物种类很少 ,而本地各类市场里爬行动物及其产品的交易却较为火红。为了配合搞好野生动物保护并提供参考资料 ,我们从 1 994年起 ,对徐州市区和铜山新区内的花鸟市场、部分农贸市场及部分宾馆饭店进行了一些调查 ,现将调查及鉴定结果[1～ 7]报道如下。1　调查方法先后对 3处花鸟市场、6处农贸市场及 2 1家宾馆饭店进行明查暗访 ,了解掌握所交易的爬行动物种类、数量、来源及价格…     

Isis公司和Zeneca公司签定一项4000万美元的协定共同开发癌症治疗法

ＢｉｏＷｏｒｌｄＴｏｄａｙ１９９８年１２月２２日报道：Ｉｓｉｓ制药公司和Ｚｅｎｅｃａ制药公司签署了一项价值４０００万美元的合作协议，共同开发治疗癌症的反义药物。这项为期三年的交易包括，前期准备费、年度研究基金和任何一种进入临床开发药物的分阶段性成果费...     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

实物模型在新课程生物中的应用

在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Diapause termination in the olive psyllid Euphyllura phillyreae, in the field and in the laboratory

Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster (Homoptera: Aphalaridae) which infests olive trees in Greece, is monovoltine and has an aestival-autumnal-hibernal reproductive dormancy as an adult which starts in June. Adult females collected periodically from June through February were maintained for 4 weeks at 12L:12D and 20° L:18° D, then the stage of ovarian development was recorded.In the field, diapause was terminated between mid December and early January. Subsequently, the insects remain in reproductive quiescence until February or early March when environmental conditions allow ovarian development and reproduction.In females collected in June, summerlike laboratory conditions, followed by winterlike, and then by springlike conditions were effective for diapause termination. Springlike conditions alone, or preceded by only summerlike or only by winterlike conditions were not effective. In females collected in August the requirement for summerlike conditions was much less or nil.

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Résumé Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster qui s'attaque sur l'olivier en Grèce, est une espèce oligophage, monovoltine, qui a une dormance reproductive aestivo-autumno-hivernale au stade adulte, qui commence en juin.Des femelles adultes ont été ramassées par les arbres périodiquement de juin au février et maintenues pendant 4 semaines à 12L:12D et 20° L:18° D. Après cette période, le stade du développement des ovaires a été le critère de la termination de leur diapause. La diapause fut considéré comme terminée quand au moins 50% des femelles avaient leurs ovaires au stade III ou même plus avancées.La diapause fut terminé entre mi-decembre et début janvier. En suite, les insectes restent à une quiescence reproductive jusqu'au février ou début de mars, lorsque les conditions environmentales permettent le développement des ovaires et la reproduction.Des femelles ramassées en juin et en août ont été soumises à certaines conditions de photopériode et de temperature en laboratoire, pour faire terminer leur diapause. Pour celles ramassées en juin, qui étaient au commencement de leur diapause, des conditions semblables à l'été, suivies par des conditions semblables à l'hiver et puis par des conditions semblables au printemps furent effectives pour la termination de la diapause. Seules des conditions semblables au printemps, ou précédées par des conditions semblables seulement à l'été, ou seulement à l'hiver, ne furent pas effectives. Pour les femelles ramassées en août, le besoin pour des conditions semblables à l'été fut beaucoup moin ou nul.