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1.
G蛋白偶联受体119(GPR119)与激动剂结合后,通过cAMP信号转导途径,促进葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素和肠肽激素的分泌,是新一代的治疗2型糖尿病药物靶点。本文对GPR119的组织学分布、生理学作用、内源性配体以及小分子激动剂作一简要的介绍。  相似文献   

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一个潜在的糖尿病新靶标——GPR40   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
G蛋白偶联受体40(GPR40)是典型的七次跨膜受体,在游离脂肪酸的刺激下,它能起到放大葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌效应,是一种潜在的治疗糖尿病药物的靶标。另外,GPR40还被认为和一些神经类疾病以及某些癌症有关。本文着重叙述了游离脂肪酸经由GPR40放大葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌机制,同时也介绍了GPR40的其他一些生理功能。  相似文献   

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Apelin是G蛋白偶联受体APJ的特异性配体,在多种组织中均有表达。对Apelin作为一种有益的脂肪因子,可通过不同的信号通路调控糖代谢和脂代谢,并对胰岛素的分泌具有一定的调控作用,在2型糖尿病的发生和发展中起着重要的调控作用,现就Apelin对2型糖尿病的调控作用作一综述。  相似文献   

4.
武珅  陆涛峰  武爽  关伟军 《遗传》2013,35(1):27-34
G蛋白偶联受体40(G protein-coupled receptor 40, GPR40)是一种具有7个跨膜α螺旋结构的G蛋白偶联受体, 主要分布于胰腺细胞和神经系统细胞。它能与机体内游离的中长链脂肪酸结合, 激活细胞内信号通路, 从而调节其生理功能。在胰岛细胞中, GPR40可被游离脂肪酸激活, 促使细胞内钙离子浓度升高, 进而促进胰岛素释放。根据这一机理, 以GPR40为靶点的激动剂类药物相继被开发, 用于糖尿病治疗。GPR40也参与神经发生过程, 但到目前为止其相关机制尚不清楚。文章从基因结构、表达调控、蛋白配体及应用、生理功能等方面详细介绍了GPR40的研究现状, 总结了目前研究中所遇到的问题, 并对未来的研究热点进行展望。  相似文献   

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游离脂肪酸受体的结构、分布及功能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
游离脂肪酸的生理功能及其与某些疾病的相关性长期以来受到人们的关注。由于特异性膜受体一直未被发现.关于其分子机制的认识无法深入。最近的研究表明,长链脂肪酸是孤儿型G蛋白偶联受体GPR40的配基.而短链脂肪酸则是孤儿型G蛋白偶联受体GPR4l和GPR43的配基。体外实验显示,长链脂肪酸通过GPR40增强胰岛B细胞的分泌功能;短链脂肪酸经GPR41刺激脂肪细胞中瘦蛋白(1eptin)的产生。GPR43在白细胞活化过程中发挥一定的作用。作为潜在的药物作用靶点,游离脂肪酸特异性受体为寻找治疗代谢性疾病的新手段指明了的方向。  相似文献   

6.
神经活性甾体对神经元的作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
神经活性甾体是指神经组织中具有活性的甾体激素,根据甾体激素的作用机制可分为三类:(1)通过细胞表面离子通道型受体介导产生效应,这些受体包括GABAA受体,NMDA受体等。(2)通过G蛋白偶联的膜受体指导第二信使反应,再通过DNA结合蛋白,调节基因表达产生效应,(3)通过细胞内受体介导调控基因的表达产生效应,甾体激素的这些效应尤其是对离子通道型受体和G蛋白偶联型受体的调节作用,已引起重视。  相似文献   

7.
G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)在大脑信号传递中至关重要,而在阿尔兹海默症(AD)中,G蛋白偶联受体通过调控α-、β-及γ-分泌酶分泌、淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)生成及β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)降解,直接影响β-淀粉样蛋白在神经系统信号级联反应;另外,阿尔兹海默症中β-淀粉样蛋白的生成可以扰乱G蛋白偶联受体功能.因此,阐明G蛋白偶联受体与阿尔兹海默症发病之间的关联有助于开发以G蛋白偶联受体为靶点的阿尔兹海默症治疗药物.  相似文献   

8.
刘飞  张幼怡 《生命科学》2008,20(1):53-57
G蛋白偶联受体是体内最大的受体超家族,它们参与调节生物体内多种生理功能与病理过程。G蛋白偶联受体的分子内构象变化与G蛋白的偶联以及受体的二聚化等是G蛋白偶联受体激活的重要基本过程。借助于单分予研究手段,在G蛋白偶联受体激活方面取得了重要进展。本文将就这些方面进行简要的综述。  相似文献   

9.
毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,mAChRs)是昆虫神经系统中一类重要的G蛋白偶联受体.昆虫mAChRs可以分为A、B、C型三大类,它们通过偶联不同的G蛋白激活不同的第二信使,完成信号转导过程,从而发挥其功能.mAChRs参与调控昆虫多种生理反应和行为过程,如...  相似文献   

10.
胆汁酸作为一种信号分子通过激活肝、肠道和外周组织中的胆汁酸受体影响体内葡萄糖和脂质的代谢平衡,对于调节肥胖、2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪肝等代谢性疾病具有非常重要的意义。胆汁酸与相应核受体,如法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR)和Takeda G蛋白偶联受体5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5,TGR5)的相互作用影响了这些代谢性疾病。FXR主要通过影响胆汁酸的合成及转运对非酒精性脂肪肝发挥作用,TGR5则是间接增加褐色脂肪组织中的生热作用,改善肥胖和2型糖尿病。这些调控机制的研究是非常必要的。本文综述了胆汁酸代谢及其对代谢性疾病调控的分子机制的研究进展,以期为科研工作者提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

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It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.  相似文献   

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Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

18.
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

19.
肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细  相似文献   

20.
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.  相似文献   

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