成纤维细胞生长因子的研究

成纤维细胞生长因子的研究崔亚东（阜阳师范学院生物系,安徽阜阳２３６０３２）关键词成纤维细胞生长因子早在１９４０年,人们发现脑和垂体提取液中含有一种能促进成纤维细胞生长的活性物质。直到１９７４年,该物质才被分离纯化,命名为成纤维细胞生长因子（ＦＧＦ）。...     

成纤维细胞生长因子在骨修复中的作用和应用

成纤维细胞生长因子 ( FGF)是一类与肝素有高亲和性的多聚肽 ,最初根据它能刺激成纤维细胞再生而命名。现已发现有 1 8个成员 ,即 FGF1- FGF18。目前研究得最多的是 FGF1和 FGF2 。根据它们等电点 ( PI)的不同 ,FGF1又称为酸性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( a FGF,PI为 5 .6) ,FGF2 又称为碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( b FGF,PI为 9.6) ,它们均通过自分泌和 /或旁分泌途径在组织修复中发挥重要作用。成纤维细胞生长因子受体 ( FGFR)属于免疫球蛋白超家族成员 ,目前已确定了 4种由独立基因编码的人 FGFR。它们是一种跨膜蛋白质 ,分为细…     

β-Klotho在物质能量代谢及肿瘤发展中的作用

β-Klotho(KLB)是Klotho蛋白家族中一员，主要分布在肝、脂肪、胰腺、大脑等器官和组织。KLB是一种单次跨膜蛋白质，也是成纤维细胞生长因子19/21(FGF19/21)靶向激活成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFRs)的关键的高亲和力共受体。KLB在FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs通路中参与机体对血糖、脂质、体重、胆汁酸循环等物质能量的调节，参与多种组织器官中细胞增殖的调节。本文将对KLB的结构特征和分布，以及在FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs通路中对物质能量的调节作用和肿瘤形成中的作用进行综述。     

人肝癌细胞与成纤维细胞共育时几种生长因子的表达

本文采用定位细胞培养技术．将人肝癌细胞和成纤维细胞有序地排列在同一容器内。采用过氧化物酶标记链霉卵白素染色法（LSAB法）．观察人肝癌细胞和成纤维细胞表达碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）、表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）和转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）．研究肝癌细胞和成纤维细胞之间的相互调控作用。结果显示,bFGF、EGF和TGFβ1在两类细胞中的表达量随着细胞增殖率的变化也发生着动态变化。在细胞增殖率增高的时相,正性生长因子bFGF、EGF在细胞中的表达量也增高．而负性生长因子TGFβ1的表达量则降低;在细胞增殖率降低的时机．其表达量正好相反。表明肝癌细胞和成纤维细胞共育培养时,自分泌、旁分泌生长因子对细胞的增殖起着近程调控作用。     

成纤维细胞生长因子研究

成纤维细胞生长因子（ＦＧＦ）是广泛存在于多种组织中的一类多肽生长因子。ＦＧＦ家族至少有７个成员,有些成员是原癌基因的产物。该家族存在２类受体：高亲和力受体具有酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性;低亲和力受体为肝素样受体。它们对多种细胞的生长和分化具有调节作用。近年来研究表明,ＧＦＧ与许多疾病有关。     

成纤维细胞生长因子研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子（ＦＧＦ）家族至少有七个成员,有些成员是原癌基因的产物。它们对多种细胞的生长与分化具有调节作用。该家族存在两类受体,高亲和力受体具有酷氨酸蛋白激酶活性,低亲和力受体为肝素受体。ＦＧＦ对神经生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子的表达有一定调控作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子研究进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子是一种在体内分布广泛、生理功能重要的生长因子,本文综合讨论了其家族成员、分子结构、生物学功能、作用机理和研究趋向等问题。     

肽类生长因子对游离细胞核中拓扑异构酶活性的影响

将表皮生长因子及神经生长因子分别作用于分离所得的鼠胚成纤维细胞及其转化细胞的细胞核。结果表明表皮生长因子可以提高游离细胞核中ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶的活性,但神经生长因子无此作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子研究进展

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子是细胞生长和分化的重要调节因子,具有促血管生成、细胞增殖、细胞趋化、细胞迁移等活性,在细胞分化和机体发育过程中发挥重要作用。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子通过与细胞膜表面的特异性配体结合,进而引发细胞内的一系列级联反应,从而产生各种生物学效应。本文对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的生物学基础、信号转导、生物学功能以及临床应用研究进展作一综述。     

RhoA-Rho激酶信号转导通路参与TGF-β1诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞(英文)

血管外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞是血管重塑的重要病理特征。本研究旨在探讨小分子G蛋白RhoA及其下游Rho激酶信号通路在转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF-β1)诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞表型转化中的作用。用10ng/mLTGF-β1诱导体外培养的大鼠胸主动脉外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞,使用亲和沉淀法检测RhoA活性、使用免疫印迹检测RhoA、Rho激酶蛋白表达和Rho激酶活性;使用免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学检测肌成纤维细胞标记蛋白的表达。结果显示,TGF-β1上调体外培养的血管外膜成纤维细胞RhoA蛋白表达和RhoA活性。TGF-β1增加Rho激酶下游底物肌球蛋白磷酸酶目标亚单位的磷酸化,但不改变Rho激酶的蛋白表达,提示TGF-β1增加Rho激酶活性。腺病毒Ad-N19RhoA-hrGFP感染和Rho激酶特异性抑制剂Y27632都呈剂量依赖性地抑制TGF-β1诱导的肌成纤维细胞标记分子α平滑肌肌动蛋白和钙结合蛋白Calponin的蛋白表达。本研究证明RhoA-Rho激酶信号通路参与了TGF-β1诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞表型转化。     

The horseradish tree,Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae)—A boon to Arid Lands?

The horseradish tree (Moringa pterygosperma,) is being introduced into drought-ridden lands to augment the local food and fodder supply. The tree grows up to 5 m per year. The foliage is high in calcium and has half the oxalates of amaranth. Seeds yield edible oil and the seed meal is used as fertilizer and as a coagulant to clarify turbid water. The philanthropic center, ECHO (Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization), North Fort Myers, Florida, receives many requests for seeds. A missionary in Mali wrote: “The seeds you sent arrived during the worst year of 14 years of dry weather. Only the moringa survived, and they have flourished. ”Another seed shipment resulted, after harvesting a crop, in 25 000 trees being planted by university students and faculty, around laborers’ houses in Maranhao, Brazil. The tree is not limited to tropical lowlands, but thrives at elevations of 800-1200 m in protected mountain areas of southern Mexico. The long-range effects of ingesting various parts of the tree as food or folkmedicine need study. Attention should be given to horticultural improvement, perhaps through hybridization with one or more related species now being compared with M. pterygosperma in India and Africa. ХРеНовое дерево, Moringa pterygosperma F. Gaertn. (Moringaceae), Дар сыхим землям. Хреновое дерево, Moringa pterygosperma, вводится в бездождивые землии чтоб умножить местное снабжение пищи и корма. Дерево растет до 5 метров в год. Листья содержат много кальцию и половину щавелев по сравнени#x044E; с амарантом. Семя дают съедобное масло и семеная мука употребляется как одобрение и как коагулант для очищение мутной воды. Филантропический цэнтэр ECHO (Educational Concern for Hunger Organization, North Fort Myers, Florida) полужает мното просьб чтоб получить семя. Один миссионер из Мали писал “Семя которые вы послали, прибыли в самый сухой год за 14 лет сухой погоды. Только моринга пережила и цвела. Другая отправка семен была совершена после получения урожая и 25000 деревьев были посажены студентами и учителями около домов рабочих в Маранхау, Брразилия. Это дерево не ограаничевается тропическим климатом и преуспевает на уровне 800 до 1200 метров в защищенных горных местах южной Мексики.     

Diverging Understandings of Forest Management in Matsutake Science

Diverging Understandings of Forest Management in Matsutake Science. As high-value gourmet mushrooms, the matsutake complex of the genus Tricholoma has been the subject of extensive research. This article reviews two trajectories of matsutake research, showing how distinctive regional nodes may develop within a cosmopolitan modern science. The global center of matsutake research is in Japan, where problems of artificial cultivation and the “orchard-style” enhancement of production under forest conditions stimulate basic research. U.S. Pacific Northwest research forms a contrasting regional node, with a focus on sustainable yields in the context of timber production. Regional differences in research design and results point to the importance of distinctive scientific legacies, in this case formed in relation to divergent histories of forest management. Attention to regional distinctions in the framing of scientific problems is particularly important as scientific frameworks are exported to new places; for example, both Japanese and American forms of matsutake science have been extended to China. 高価なグルメきのこであるマツタケとその近縁種群のTricholoma属は広範囲に渡る科学的研究の対象となってきた。本論では二つの地域特徴的なマツタケ研究の軌跡を概観し、文化的差異を超えて世界的に通用する近代科学においても地域固有の関心に応じて特徴のある知識が結節し発展することを示す。マツタケ研究の世界的な中心地である日本では人工増殖やマツタケを殖やすための「果樹園的」な山林作りへの関心が基礎研究の方向性に刺激を与えてきた。一方日本とは対照的に、米国北西岸州では木材の持続的産出に主眼をおいた山林管理の流れの中で研究が進んできた。こうした研究計画や結果的に得られる知識の違いは、地域ごとに特徴のある科学的遺産 - 本件の場合は森林管理の歴史が多様に枝分かれしていること - に注目することが重要であることを知らせてくれる。近年日本や米国で発展したマツタケ研究の方法や成果が中国での研究にも影響を与えているが、特に新しい研究の場を広げる場合には科学的な関心、問題がどのような枠組で組み立てられるか地域によって多様であることを考慮することが重要である。     

Genome analysis ofElymus angulatus andE. patagonicus (Poaceae) and their hybrids with N. and S. AmericanHordeum spp.

The results of genome analysis of five hybrids, viz.Elymus patagonicus ×Hordeum procerum, E. patagonicus ×H. tetraploidum, E. angulatus ×H. jubatum, E. angulatus ×H. lechleri, andE. angulatus ×H. parodii, are reported. The genomic constitution ofHordeum tetraploidum andH. jubatum is best given as H₁H₁H₂H₂, ofH. lechleri andH. parodii as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₄H₄, ofH. procerum as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₃H₃, and ofElymus patagonicus andE. angulatus as SSH₁H₁H₂H₂.     

Effect of host plants on the infectivity of nucleopolyhedrovirus to Spodoptera exigua larvae

Previous studies have shown that the infectivity of baculovirus to herbivores is affected by phytochemicals ingested during the acquisition of viral inoculum on the foliage of host plants. Here, we measured the effects of 14 host plant species on the infectivity of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) to its larvae. The order of the LD₅₀ values of SeNPV among the host plants was Ipomoea aquatica > Brassica oleracea > Raphanus sativus > Amaranthus tricolor > Spinacia oleracea > Vigna unguiculata > Solanum melongena > Capsicum annuum > Apium graveolens > Allium fistulosum > Lactuca sativa > Brassica chinensis > Zea mays > Glycine max, with 940.1 ± 2.26, 424.0 ± 0.60, 295.2 ± 1.13, 147.3 ± 0.63, 138.6 ± 0.22, 119.9 ± 0.07, 119.8 ± 0.02, 109.2 ± 0.18, 104.8 ± 0.62, 102.1 ± 0.66, 97.9 ± 0.22, 89.9 ± 0.32, 79.0 ± 0.13 and 64.0 ± 0.38 OBs per larva, respectively, and the values of mean time to death of virus‐infected larvae were 6.21 ± 0.11, 7.12 ± 0.10, 7.33 ± 0.21, 6.97 ± 0.02, 7.06 ± 0.01, 7.29 ± 0.03, 7.32 ± 0.05, 7.07 ± 0.08, 7.24 ± 0.11, 7.09 ± 0.13, 7.50 ± 0.06, 7.23 ± 0.01, 7.30 ± 0.02 and 7.19 ± 0.07 days, respectively. The mean time to death of larvae decreased with increasing viral dose, and corrected mortality decreased as the larval mean time to death increased. These findings have significance for understanding the effects of host plants on the infectivity of baculovirus to noctuids.     

Correspondence of environmental tolerances with leaf and branch attributes for six co-occurring species of broadleaf evergreen trees in northern California

 For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus m e n z i e s i i (Ericaceae), C h r y s o l e p i s c h r y s o p h y l l a (Fagaceae), L i t h o c a r p u s d e n s i f l o r u s (Fagaceae), Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s (Fagaceae), Quercus w i s l i z e n i i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight, thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits, and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C h r y s o l e p i s, L i t h o c a r p u s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels. Accepted: 22 March 1996     

Influence de la teneur en oxygène sur la sensibilité de certains stades juvéniles deSitophilus oryzae etS. granarius au dioxyde de carbone

Résumé Certains stades juvéniles de charançons des céréales du genreSitophilus ont été soumis à un séjour prolongé dans des compositions gazeuses modifiées par le dioxyde de carbone (CO₂).Les auteurs se sont placés dans des conditions de teneur en CO₂ constante (50%), associée à des teneurs en oxygène comprises entre 4 et 20%, pour étudier les conditions d'une synergie entre l'effet spécifique du CO₂ et la présence d'une forte teneur résiduelle en oxygène. Les effets ont été observés sur les stades juvéniles les plus évolués (larves et nymphes) des espècesS. oryzae (L.) etS. granarius (L.), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).L'accroissement de la vitesse de mortalité chezS. oryzae est significative avec l'augmentation de la pression partielle d'oxygène. Cet effet de synergie provoqué par l'oxygène n'est pas significatif avecS. granarius, bien qu'il existe aussi avec cette espèce une tendance à l'amélioration de l'efficacité insecticide à court terme avec les mélanges à forte teneur résiduelle en oxygène.Il en est déduit des hypothèses sur les effets des mélanges gazeux à composition modifiée par le CO₂ au niveau de la physiologie générale de ces insectes, qui est très difficile à appréhender directement à cause du mode de développement des stades juvéniles des charançons (formes cachées dans le grain).     

A new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes,Characidae) from the upper San Juan River drainage,Pacific versant,Colombia

Hemibrycon sanjuanensis, new species, is described from the upper San Juan River drainage, Pacific versant, Colombia. It is distinguished from Hemibrycon boquiae, Hemibrycon brevispini, Hemibrycon cairoense, Hemibrycon colombianus, Hemibrycon mikrostiktos, Hemibrycon metae, Hemibrycon palomae, Hemibrycon rafaelense and Hemibrycon tridens by the presence of a circular or oblong humeral spot that is located two scales posterior to the opercle (vs. 3–4 scales in Hemibrycon palomae, Hemibrycon rafaelense, Hemibrycon brevispini and Hemibrycon cairoense, and 0–1 scales, in Hemibrycon metae and Hemibrycon boquiae). It further differs from Hemibrycon colombianus in having a round or oblong humeral spot (vs. rectangular). It differs from Hemibrycon beni, Hemibrycon dariensis, Hemibrycon divisorensis, Hemibrycon helleri, Hemibrycon huambonicus, Hemibrycon inambari, Hemibrycon jabonero, Hemibrycon jelskii, Hemibrycon mikrostiktos, Hemibrycon polyodon, Hemibrycon quindos, Hemibrycon raqueliae, Hemibrycon santamartae, Hemibrycon surinamensis, Hemibrycon taeniurus, Hemibrycon tridens, and Hemibrycon yacopiae in having melanophores on the posterior margins of the scales along the sides of body (vs. lacking melanophores on margins of scales along entire length of the sides of body). The new species differs from all congeners mentioned above in having, among other features, six teeth in the outer premaxillary row arranged in a straight line (vs. five or fewer teeth not arranged in straight line except Hemibrycon cairoense with two to six teeth in the outer premaxillary row).     

Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl sulfated disaccharides with beta-D-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc units using beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae in a transglycosylation reaction

When α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p and β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (2) were used as substrates, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae transferred the β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc(unit from 2 to α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p to afford β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (3) in a yield of 94% based on the amount of donor, 2, added. β-d-(6-sulfo)-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-d-Glc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (4) was obtained with α-d-Glc-OC₆H₄NO₂ -p as acceptor in a similar manner. With a reaction mixture of 2 and β-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (1) in a molar ratio of 6:1, the enzyme mediated the transfer of β-d-GlcNAc from 1 to 2, affording disaccharide β-d-GlcNAc-(1→4)-β-(6-sulfo)-d-GlcNAc-OC₆H₄NO₂-p (5) in a yield of 13% based on the amount of 1 added.     

An unstable gene controlling developmental variegation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Summary Genetic studies on radiation-induced chlorina and variegated mutants of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) revealed the existence of an unstable gene. The normal green color of the leaves is controlled by duplicate genes C₁ and C₂, either of which produces the green colour. The chlorina plants are C ₁ C ₁ C ₂ C ₂. The allele c ₁ ^v is dominant to both C ₁ and C ₂ but is unstable. The homozygote c ₁ ^v c ₁ ^v c ₂ c ₂ is a normal green while the heterozygote c _i ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂ has a variegated phenotype as a result of the mutation of c ₁ ^v to c ₁ during development. In green plants with a c ₁ ^v c{sh1/v}c ₂ c ₂ genotype, the autonomous mutation of one of the c ₁ ^v alleles to c ₁ may take place at the pre-meiotic stage. In the variegated genotype (c ₁ ^v c ₁ c ₂ c ₂), the mutation of c ₁ to c ₁ ^v may take place in early ontogeny, thus producing green plants. The allele C ₁, when associated with c ₁ ^v in a heterozygous condition, mutates to c ₁ at the pre-meiotic stage even in the presence of the allele C ₂.