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1.
海水池塘中国对虾与罗非鱼施肥混养的实验研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用 8个海水池塘陆基围隔 ,进行了封闭式施肥混养中国对虾与罗非鱼的实验研究 .结果表明 ,在对虾放养密度为 0 .92~ 2 .36尾·m- 2 的条件下 ,对虾成活率为 75.72~89.98% ,平均为 82 .40 % .产量在 1 1 .4~ 2 4 .1 g·m- 2 之间 (养殖期为 91d) .生产力为0 .2 39g·m- 2 .d- 1 .在罗非鱼放养量为 0 .2 4尾·m- 2 (体重 1 0 0 g左右 )的条件下 ,鱼虾的数量最适配比为 1 :1 0 ,中国对虾 (体长 3.0 0cm左右 )的最适放养量约为 2 .40尾·m- 2 .  相似文献   

2.
摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖生长、氮排泄和能量收支的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在 30℃水温下进行摄食 -生长实验 (实验周期为 5 6d) ,设饥饿、1%、2 %、4 %和饱食 5个摄食水平 ,研究了中华鳖稚鳖 (39 5 4— 4 4 2 2g)的生长和能量收支。结果表明 ,中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率随摄食水平的增加 ,其湿重、干物质、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率均呈二次曲线增加 ,其中干物质的特定生长率 (SGRdr)与摄食率 (Rl)的关系式为 :SGRdr=- 1 8799 1 0 795Rl- 0 0 832Rl2 (r=0 90 6 ,n =2 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;除干物质转化效率外 ,湿重、蛋白质和能量的转化效率在 2 %组均达到最大 ,分别为 36 31%、2 1 4 7%和 2 8 10 % ;除能量转化效率外 ,4 %组湿重、干物质和蛋白质的转化效率与最大值均无显著差异 ;摄食水平对中华鳖稚鳖总氮排泄率、氨氮排泄率、尿素氮排泄率以及氨氮占总氮排泄率的比例均有显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ,除氨氮占总氮比例外其他指标均随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,氨氮比例在饥饿组最高为 5 5 83% ,由饥饿到饱食其变化范围是 4 4 5 0 %— 5 5 83% ;总氮排泄率、氨态氮排泄率和尿素氮排泄率的变动范围分别是 19 81%— 6 5 87%、9 4 4 %— 36 31%和 8 2 4 %— 2 9 5 6 % ,回归分析表明 ,幼鳖的总氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (G N)、氨氮排泄率 (μmol/g·d) (NH3 N)及尿素氮排泄率 (μmol/g·  相似文献   

3.
灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以黄瓜为试验材料,研究灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对日光温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.设两个水分水平(100%ET0,W1;75%ET0,W2)和4种滴灌施肥方式处理,不同滴灌施肥方式处理按推荐施肥量(N∶P2 O5∶K2 O分别为360∶180∶540 kg·hm-2)的100%、66.6%、33.3%、0%(Z100、Z66、Z33、Z0)分8次滴灌施肥,剩余肥料一次性基施;另设不施肥处理为对照(CK).结果表明:滴灌施肥比例和水分与黄瓜的株高、叶面积、干物质量、产量和品质均呈正相关关系.W1 Z100处理的产量最高(67760 kg·hm-2);W2处理的平均水分利用效率比W1处理高9.4%,其中W2Z100处理的水分利用效率最高(47.71 kg·m-3),其产量比最高产量低3.4%却节水25%.与Z0相比,Z100的黄瓜产量和干物质量分别增加15.3%和16.8%;同时,黄瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量增加;水分利用效率增加19.1%.W2Z100处理为温室黄瓜高产、优质、节水的最佳处理.  相似文献   

4.
黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域农地、果园、林地和草地0~20cm表层土壤的有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TSN)积累特征.结果表明:该区SOC含量平均值为7·56g·kg-1,TSN平均值为0·71g·kg-1.其中,农地SOC和TSN平均值分别为4·67和0·48g·kg-1,且梯田较低,川坝地较高.与农地相比,果园SOC(4·33g·kg-1)和TSN(0·46g·kg-1)平均值略有降低,草地较高.林地SOC和TSN平均值较农地高117·7%和89·4%.该区SOC和TSN含量的变异系数为69·7%和58·4%,以林地最大(62·8%和54·5%),草地和农地次之,果园最小(18·0%和22·9%).土壤C/N依果园、农地、草地和林地的顺序递增.该区各类土地利用方式下的SOC和TSN都呈极显著正相关(r=0·9791).黄土丘陵沟壑区基本农田建设和果园建设对SOC和TSN积累作用不明显;退耕还林还草、封山育林等土地利用优化措施明显促进了SOC和TSN的积累.  相似文献   

5.
梁称福  陈正法  钟福生  李文祥  范适  徐龙铁   《广西植物》2006,26(2):167-170,177
研究了限量排气降湿、地下热循环冷凝除湿、膜下滴灌降湿3个降(除)湿处理后温室内番茄作物生物学性状与生理特性差异。结果表明:3个降湿处理温室内番茄群体生长率、相对生长率与净同化率均明显高于对照;番茄植株茎粗、干物重、叶面积表现出膜滴>冷凝>限排>对照规律;相接近时刻的光合速率与蒸腾速率,以壮叶>嫩叶>老叶,且日变化呈现低(上午)、高(中午)、低(傍晚)规律,并明显大于对照。  相似文献   

6.
马尾松幼苗对SO2慢性伤害的反应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马尾松 (Pinus massonianas L amb.)幼苗暴露在 SO2 浓度分别为 0 .0 mg/ m3、0 .2 mg/ m3、0 .4 m g/ 3的 3个开顶式熏气室中 6 0昼夜。在 SO2 浓度 0 .2 mg/ m3处理组 ,马尾松苗与对照组无显著差异。在 SO2 浓度 0 .4 mg/ m3处理组 ,马尾松针叶气孔细胞、针叶颜色、根系形态、根毛数量出现异常 ;类胡萝卜素含量下降 35 % ,针叶含硫量增加 2 2 5 % ,从针叶渗出的钾离子量比对照增加 185 % ,光合速率下降 9.5 % ,蒸腾速率增加 13.6 % ,干重下降 15 .4 % ,相对生长速率下降 2 .7m g/ (g· d)  相似文献   

7.
盐碱池塘围隔生态系统的悬浮物结构及有机碳库储量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
赵文  董双林  李德尚  张兆琪 《生态学报》2002,22(12):2133-2140
1 998年 4~ 7月对高青盐碱池塘单养鲢和罗非鱼围隔生态系统颗粒悬浮物构成和各有机碳库储量及动态进行了研究。结果表明 ,浮游生物的干重 (PZ)占总颗粒悬浮物干物质 (TS)的 4.2 6%~ 2 5 .97% ,平均 1 2 %。各围隔浮游植物干重(DWP)平均值变化范围为 0 .1 6~ 0 .70 mg/L,有鱼围隔均比无鱼围隔的大。浮游动物干重 (DWZ)平均值变化范围为0 .3 2~ 2 .81 mg/L,养鲢围隔中最小 ,小于无鱼对照围隔 ,养罗非鱼围隔明显高于养鲢围隔。颗粒悬浮物的灰分含量平均值为 42 .3 8%。溶解有机碳 (DOC)、颗粒有机碳 (POC)库储量平均值分别为 5 .40± 1 .61 mg C/L和 1 .96± 0 .96mg/L。各处理围隔间颗粒有机物的 C/N比的平均值比较接近 ,总平均值为 6.97± 0 .2 4。 TOC、DOC和 POC比例为 1∶ 0 .73∶0 .2 7。浮游生物碳和腐质颗粒碳占 POC的比例的平均值分别为 3 4.65 %和 65 .3 5 %。腐质颗粒碳、浮游动物碳与浮游植物碳的比例为 9.2 9∶ 3 .71∶ 1。浮游生物碳中浮游动物碳占 78.8% ,浮游植物碳占 2 1 .2 %。浮游动物碳比浮游植物碳高 ,这可能是内陆盐水的通性。盐碱池塘围隔生态系统颗粒有机碳 (POC,mg C/L)与浮游植物叶绿素 a(Chla,μg/L)和悬浮颗粒有机物 (SO,mg/L)之间存在显著的正相关关系 ,其回归方程分别为  相似文献   

8.
甘肃天祝高寒珠芽蓼草甸5月20日左右返青。地上生物量的变化呈单峰曲线,最大值在8月22日,干物质为548.39g/m~2(489.06g/m~2去灰分物质;下同);净第一性生产力为481.05g/m~2.a干物质。地下生物量很大,6—9月平均接近6kg/m~2,呈单谷曲线变化,最低值出现在7月20日,为4556.87g/m~2干物质。地上部分最大生长率出现在月平均气温只有8—10℃的返青后一个月,平均绝对生长率为5.89g/m~2.d干物质,平均相对生长率为0.152g/g.d干物质。春季地上部分的最大生长率与活根的很大消耗联系在一起。地上部分对太阳总辐射的转化率为0.155%,对生理辐射的转化率为0.316%,对≥0℃—≤0℃生长期的生理辐射的转化率为0.692%。地上部分在生长的第一个月对总辐射的表观转化率最高,平均为0.57%。  相似文献   

9.
日光温室黄瓜生长发育模拟模型   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
实现日光温室黄瓜生长发育动态模拟预测,可为日光温室黄瓜智慧生产管理提供技术支撑.本研究依据黄瓜生长发育的光温反应特性,以‘津优35’为试验品种,利用2年4茬分期播种试验观测数据建立基于钟模型的温室黄瓜发育模拟模型.依据温室黄瓜叶片生长与关键气象因子(温度和辐射)的关系,以辐热积(TEP)为自变量构建了黄瓜叶面积指数(LAI)模拟模型;依据单位叶面积光合作用对叶面积指数和日长的二重积分,结合黄瓜不同器官的呼吸消耗,构建了黄瓜干重生产分配模拟模型,结合器官含水量,构建了黄瓜器官鲜重模拟模块.基于各子模块构建了温室黄瓜生长发育模拟模型,确定了模型品种参数并进行检验.结果表明: 日光温室黄瓜移栽期-伸蔓期、移栽期-初花期、移栽期-采收初期和移栽期-拉秧期的模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(RMSE)在3.9~10.5 d,归一化均方根标准误差(nRMSE)在6.5%~28.6%,符合度指数(D)在0.79~0.97.LAI与TEP呈S型曲线变化关系,LAI模拟值与实际观测值的RMSE为0.19,nRMSE为17.2%,D值为0.90.根、茎、叶、花和果干重模拟值与实际观测值的RMSE在0.39~8.94 g·m-2,nRMSE在10.9%~17.7%,D值均为0.98以上.表明模型能够较准确地模拟黄瓜关键发育期、叶面积和各器官干鲜重,定量化日光温室黄瓜生长发育过程.  相似文献   

10.
湖南会同杉木人工林生态系统碳素密度   总被引:25,自引:4,他引:25  
田大伦  方晰  项文化 《生态学报》2004,24(11):2382-2386
利用定位观测数据 ,对杉木人工林生态系统的碳素密度进行了探讨。结果表明 :不同年龄的杉木枝、叶中碳素密度的季节变化规律均表现为冬季 >秋季 >夏季 >春季。叶的碳素密度平均为 0 .5 0 4 4 g C· g- 1 ,变异系数 2 .0 8% ,枝的碳素密度平均为0 .4 4 79g C· g- 1 ,变异系数为 2 .2 5 %。不同层次的叶碳素密度的变化范围在 0 .4 6 12 g C· g- 1 ~ 0 .5 5 2 4 g C· g- 1 之间 ,平均值的大小排列顺序为 :上层叶 >中层叶 >下层叶。不同层次枝条的碳素密度在 0 .3917g C·g- 1~ 0 .4 96 5 g C· g- 1之间 ,平均值的大小次序为 :中层枝 >上层枝 >下层枝。 10年生杉木各器官的碳素密度变化范围为 0 .4 5 2 9g C·g- 1~ 0 .4 972 g C·g- 1 ,11年生的为 0 .4 5 80 g C· g- 1 ~ 0 .5 0 2 2 g C· g- 1 ,14年生的为 0 .4 5 80 g C· g- 1 ~ 0 .5 0 93g C· g- 1 之间 ,变异系数范围为 1.6 8%~ 8.4 4 %。不同器官的碳素密度按高低排列基本上为树叶 >树皮 >树根 >树干 >树枝 >球果。随着杉木林年龄的增长 ,林下植被各组分、死地被物的碳素密度变化规律不明显。同一林分中各层次植物的碳素密度高低排列顺序为 :乔木层 >灌木层 >草本层。 10年生和 14年生杉木林土壤各层的碳素密度随土壤深度的增加而逐渐下  相似文献   

11.
Providing sufficient amounts of outdoor air to occupants is a critical building function for supporting occupant health, well-being and productivity. In tropical climates, high ventilation rates require substantial amounts of energy to cool and dehumidify supply air. This study evaluates the energy consumption and associated cost for thermally conditioning outdoor air provided for building ventilation in tropical climates, considering Singapore as an example locale. We investigated the influence on energy consumption and cost of the following factors: outdoor air temperature and humidity, ventilation rate (L/s per person), indoor air temperature and humidity, air conditioning system coefficient of performance (COP), and cost of electricity. Results show that dehumidification of outdoor air accounts for more than 80% of the energy needed for building ventilation in Singapore’s tropical climate. Improved system performance and/or a small increase in the indoor temperature set point would permit relatively large ventilation rates (such as 25 L/s per person) at modest or no cost increment. Overall, even in a thermally demanding tropical climate, the energy cost associated with increasing ventilation rate up to 25 L/s per person is less than 1% of the wages of an office worker in an advanced economy like Singapore’s. This result implies that the benefits of increasing outdoor air ventilation rate up to 25 L/s per person — which is suggested to provide for productivity increases, lower sick building syndrome symptom prevalence, and reduced sick leave — can be much larger than the incremental cost of ventilation.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of different irrigation and air humidity conditioning treatments on the morphological and physiological responses of Rosmarinus officinalis in nursery conditions was investigated in order to evaluate the degree of hardening resulting from these conditions. Rosmarinus officinalis seedlings were pot-grown during 4 months in two greenhouses (nursery period), in which two irrigation treatments were used (control and deficit). In one of these greenhouses, air humidity was controlled using a dehumidifying system (low humidity), in the other greenhouse the air conditions were not artificially modified (control humidity). After the nursery period, the plants of all treatments were transplanted and well watered (100% water holding capacity for 1 month, transplanting period). After this period, they received no water (establishment period). At the end of the nursery period it was seen that deficit irrigation had altered the morphology of the R. officinalis plants by reducing plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total dry weight, and root length, while humidity influenced the parameters related with plant water relations. Low air humidity and deficit irrigation-induced tissue dehydration and lower stomatal conductance values (gs). The plants subjected to deficit irrigation developed leaf osmotic adjustment, which was maintained during the transplanting period. At that time, the plants that had been exposed to deficit irrigation and low humidity showed efficient stomatal regulation (lower gs values). After transplanting and during the establishment period, these plants showed a better water status (higher psil and gs values). Their post-planting survival rate improved as a result of acclimation processes.  相似文献   

13.
There is a comprehensive body of literature on how increased air temperature affects the physiology, production and behaviour of sows, while very few studies consider the thermal effects of air humidity and air velocity.This review summarises studies that have investigated effects of air temperature by reviewing published literature in which sows were exposed to at least two different levels of air temperature ranging from 15 °C to 39 °C. Increased rectal temperature was investigated in the majority of the studies (26) and on average, the rectal temperature increased by 0.099 °C per °C increased air temperature above 25 °C. The increase was smaller at lower air temperatures, and it was suggested that rectal temperature is practically unaffected by air temperatures in the range of 15 °C–21 °C. This review elucidates how air temperature also affects performance indicators such as respiration rate, vaginal temperature, skin temperature, feed intake, milk yield, body weight loss during lactation, mortality, litter daily weight gain during lactation and sow behaviour.One study reported how respiration rate, rectal temperature, vaginal temperature and skin temperature were affected by both air temperature and air humidity, and the results suggest that the relative significance of air temperature and humidity may be similar for sows and finishing pigs (e.g. an increase of 40% relative humidity at an air temperature of 30 °C has a similar effect as a 1.9 °C increase in temperature).Studies on mitigation methods against the effects of high temperature and humidity such as snout cooling, drip cooling and floor cooling were reviewed to extract knowledge related to the effects of air velocity, temperatures of surrounding surfaces and the opportunity for sows to moisten their skin.  相似文献   

14.
The anti-adhesive surfaces have always aroused great interest of worldwide scientists and engineers.But in practical applications,it often faces the threat and impact of temperature and humidity.In this work,the excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and humidity were investigated in detail.Firstly,the adhesion forces of the maize leaf surface under different temperature and humidity were measured by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).The temperature of the substrate was varied between 23 ℃ to 100 ℃,and the ambient relative humidity is from 18% to 100%.It was found that the adhesion force of maize leaf decreased with the increase of temperature and humidity.The mechanism of its excellent anti-adhesive performance of maize leaf under high temperature and relative humidity was revealed.The transverse and longitudinal ridges on maize leaf surface interlace with each other,forming small air pockets,which reduces the actual contact area between the object and the maize leaf.With the increase of humidity,the liquid film will be formed in the air pockets gradually and so much water vapor is produced with increase of temperature.Then the air flow rate increases though the wavy top of transverse ridges,inducing the dramatic decrease of adhesion force.Inspired by this mechanism,four samples with this bionic structure were made.This functional "biomimetic structure" would have potential value in the wide medical equipments such as high frequency electric knife with anti-adhesion surface under high temperature and high humidity.  相似文献   

15.
Tradescantia albiflora has green variegated and white leaves.Its stomatal apparatus consists of the guard cells and two pairsof subsidiary cells. Investigations were carried out by observingthe stomata microscopically by means of a video system in situin a CO2 exchange chamber and by simultaneously measuring thegas exchange of the leaves. In response to air humidity changes,stomatal movements in T. albiflora begin, owing to turgor changes,in the polar and lateral subsidiary cells. The stomatal responseof green leaves to changes of air humidity showed typical transientand oscillatory phases prior to steady-state reactions. In darkness,stomata closed when air humidity decreased; however, they didnot reopen when air humidity was raised again. Stomata of illuminatedwhite leaves responded like those of green leaves in darkness.With increasing soil water stress stomata responded to changingair humidity with reductions of the transient phases and a decreasingtendency to reopen when air humidity became high again. CO2deficiency of the air caused the stomata to open in the dark,and interacted with the air humidity effect in such a way thatstomata of green leaves responded to air humidity changes indarkness in a similar way as they did in light. Key words: Stomata, humidity response, green and white leaf areas, CO2 deficient air  相似文献   

16.
The concentration of airborne Didymella spores has been investigated at two monitoring sites situated along the west–south transect in Poland (Szczecin, Kraków), i.e. from a height of 100 to 219 m, respectively, above sea level. The aerobiological monitoring of fungal spores was performed by means of two Lanzoni volumetric spore traps. The high Didymella spore numbers were observed at both cities in June, July and August. Statistically significant correlations have been found mainly between the Didymella spore concentrations in the air and the minimum air temperature and relative air humidity. The spore count of Didymella is determined by the diversity of local flora and weather conditions, especially by the relative air humidity. The identification of factors that influence and shape spore concentrations may significantly improve the current methods of allergy prevention.  相似文献   

17.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings were grown under different air humidities simulating conditions during micropropagation (very high humidity duringin vitro cultivation and low air humidity after transferex vitro). The functional stomatal apparatus developed after a short period of growth at low air humidity at the beginning of plant ontogeny or after transfer from high to low air humidity, but not in plants grown steadily under high air humidity. The ability of stomata to regulate gas exchange was not persistent and disappeared after transfer of plants from low to high humidity. The author thanks Mrs. L. Kolčabová for her skilled assistance. The paper is a part of the project supported by the grant No. 501/95/1303 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.  相似文献   

18.
自控玻璃温室冬季气候生态特征及调控策略   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据上海东海蔬菜示范基地荷兰型自控玻璃温室内监测的5年气象数据,采用数理统计方法,分析了冬季光照、温度、CO2浓度和空气相对湿度的月际变化特征,揭示了不同天气型下适宜与不宜各级光照度持续时数、各级界限温度出现情况、CO2欠缺量与持续时间特点、空气相对湿度变化特征,建立了白天温度、CO2浓度、空气相对湿度与同期光照度间的统计关系式,明确了上海地区冬季温室内主要气候生态问题,并提出了调控建议.在本地区气候背景下在冬季要使温室作物获得高产,关键是要保证充足的光照;在夜间适当控制加温水平,重点提高晴天上午温度,增大昼夜温差,以增加蔬菜的净光合产物.分析结果为温室小气候的合理调控提供技术依据.  相似文献   

19.
Question: What role does air humidity play as an environmental factor for the abundance and distribution of temperate woodland herbs? Location: Beech forests on calcareous soils in southern lower Saxony, central Germany. Methods: The abundance of woodland herb species and total herb cover were investigated in 60 plots with contrasting exposure, slope angle and relief type. On all plots, air humidity, air temperature, soil moisture, photosynthetically active radiation, pH (H2O) and concentration of salt‐exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were measured. Species‐environment relationships were analysed with multiple regression analysis and CCA. Results: Air humidity (RH), soil moisture and the concentration of exchangeable Ca and K, but not light, C/N ratio and the concentration of exchangeable Mg were identified as the most important abiotic factors influencing the cover of the most abundant plant species and total herb cover. RH varied substantially across the different forest floor site types and influenced species abundance independent of soil moisture. In several species (including Mercurialis perennis and Impatiens noli‐tangere), RH was found to be a key environmental factor. Other species such as Aegopodium podagraria and Lamiastrum galeobdolon depended more on elevated soil moisture, while RH was less important. Conclusions: This study showed that the distribution of widespread temperate woodland herb species depends on high air humidity, and that certain sensitive species do not occur at sites with reduced air humidity even though soil moisture is high. Thus, high air humidity and ample soil moisture are key abiotic factors in beech forests on calcareous soils. Shade level (PAR) was found to be of secondary importance.  相似文献   

20.
水稻纹枯病菌的微气候生态位   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王子迎  檀根甲 《应用生态学报》2008,19(12):2706-2710
运用生态位原理与方法,研究水稻纹枯病菌的微气候生态位.结果表明:照度、温度和湿度三者综合作用效应高于各单因子的独立效应,三因子中照度和温度的联合效应高于其他因子间两两组合效应;在分蘖盛期、孕穗期、抽穗期和蜡熟期,水稻纹枯病菌的微气候生态位宽度指数分别为0.3112、0.4012、0.4326和0.7365,即随着水稻的生长而逐渐增大,但病菌占有的生态位仍以低光照、低温度、高湿度的微气候类型为主.  相似文献   

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