不同精氨酸添加水平对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究日粮中不同精氨酸(Arg)水平对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用70头7日龄健康哺乳仔猪(长×大),按照所饲日粮精氨酸添加水平的不同(分别为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%),随机分为5组,每组14头,单栏饲养,试验期为14 天,并分别于7、14和21日龄空腹称重,记录每周采食量;并在采食后1 h颈静脉采血,检测血浆中氨基酸、血浆尿素氮、胰岛素和生长激素浓度.结果表明:7～21日龄段,试验组血浆精氨酸浓度随日粮精氨酸添加水平增大而升高,与对照组相比,0.6%和0.8%精氨酸添加组血浆尿素氮水平分别降低(P<0.05)30%～40%,生长激素和胰岛素的浓度提高(P<0.05)24%～27%,平均日增重分别提高了(P<0.05)42.2%和41.4%;各组采食量在整个试验期内无显著差异.本试验结果表明7～21日龄,仔猪日粮中精氨酸适宜添加水平为0.6%.     

叶酸对哺乳仔猪生长性能及母猪血清生化指标的影响

选用带仔数至少为10头的健康长大二元母猪30头,随机分为5个处理,整个泌乳期(21 d)分别饲喂叶酸添加量为0、12.5、25、50和100 mg/kg的日粮,观察其对哺乳仔猪生长性能和泌乳母猪血清生化指标的影响.结果表明,叶酸可提高哺乳仔猪的平均个体日增重,并存在一定的量效关系;当叶酸添加量为125和25 mg/kg时可显著降低母猪血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05);叶酸可提高血清总蛋白含量;不同水平叶酸对泌乳母猪的糖代谢无影响;当叶酸添加量为12.5 mg/kg时可抑制胆固醇的吸收,当添加量为50和100 mg/kg时,则对胆固醇的吸收无影响.     

大豆低聚糖对牙鲆营养效应的研究：I摄食、生长和代谢酶活性

本试验比较研究了不同蛋白源（鱼粉,FM;大豆分离蛋白,SPI）基础饲料中添加大豆低聚糖（SBOS）对牙鲆（Paralichthysolivaceus）摄食率、生长性能和代谢酶活性的影响。分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源,配制了4种等氮等能饲料。其中,饲料FM、SP1分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源;饲料FMO、SPIO分别在饲料FM、SPI基础上添加10％SBOS（水苏糖：2．61％;棉籽糖：0．61％）。试验表明：①饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆前两周摄食丰无显著影响（P〉0．05）;而显著降低了整个养殖周期FMO组牙鲆总摄食率,提高了SPIO组牙鲆总摄食牢（P〈0．05）;②FM基础饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆特定生长率（SGR）、饲料效率（FER）和蛋白质效率（PER）均无显著影响（P〉0．05）,但均呈明显下降趋势;SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS对FER和PER无显著影响,却显著提高了SGR（P〈0．05）;③FM基础饲料中添加SBOS提高了牙鲆血浆谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和γ-L-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）的活性,但仅AST差异显著（P〈0．05）,而对肝脏AST、ALT、AKP、LDH和1．GT活性无显著影响（P〉0．05）;SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了血浆ALT和LDH活性,而对AST、AKP和γ-GT活性无显著影响;同时,SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了肝脏AST和ALT活性,而对AKP、LDH和γ-GT活性无显著影响;④饲料巾添加SBOS对牙鲆血浆中尿素氮和游离氨基酸浓度均无显著影响。试验结果表明,不同蛋白源基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出不同的生长效应;其中,FM基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出一定的抑制生长效应,而SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS却表现出促生长效应。     

根际高温对植物生长和代谢的影响综述

根系作为植株吸收、运输水分和养分的主要器官,其代谢直接影响植株地上部的生长和产量。适宜、稳定的根际温度是植物根系生长和代谢的重要保证。炎热夏季导致的根际高温逆境往往是影响作物生长和产量的一个重要原因。本文在阐明根际高温概念的基础上,综述了根际高温对植株生长方面的影响,分析了根际高温对植株体内水分关系、光合作用和干物质生产、呼吸作用和矿质吸收、根系激素代谢和抗逆酶系统等方面的影响,并指出了今后该领域需进一步研究的问题和控制根际高温的应用前景。     

空间环境对石刁柏幼苗向性生长及代谢过程的影响

以石刁柏（ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）作为实验材料,在我国空间生物学研究中,首次在空间完成了高等植物种子萌发至幼苗的生长过程。研究了空间飞行后,幼苗的光合及某些代谢过程的变化。主要结果如下：空间飞行幼苗根的生长走向明显不同于地面对照,表现出对微重力的反应。幼苗返回地面后继续培养,其生长速度快于地面对照。空间飞行样品耗氧量高于地面对照,而乙烯释放量低于地面对照。空间飞行返回地面后的植株,其光能吸收和转能效率与地面对照相比无明显变化;过氧化物酶同工酶活性有所下降,并出现一条新酶带（Ｒｆ＝０．４５）;ＡＴＰ含量低于地面对照。     

大豆低聚糖对牙鲆营养效应的研究：Ⅰ摄食、生长和代谢酶活性

本试验比较研究了不同蛋白源(鱼粉,FM;大豆分离蛋白,SPI)基础饲料中添加大豆低聚糖(SBOS)对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)摄食率、生长性能和代谢酶活性的影响。分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源,配制了4种等氮等能饲料。其中,饲料FM、SPI分别以FM、SPI作为主要蛋白源;饲料FMO、SPIO分别在饲料FM、SPI基础上添加10%SBOS(水苏糖：2.61%;棉籽糖：0.61%)。试验表明：①饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆前两周摄食率无显著影响(p > 0.05);而显著降低了整个养殖周期FMO组牙鲆总摄食率,提高了SPIO组牙鲆总摄食率(p < 0.05);②FM基础饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FER)和蛋白质效率(PER)均无显著影响(p > 0.05),但均呈明显下降趋势;SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS对FER和PER无显著影响,却显著提高了SGR(p < 0.05);③FM基础饲料中添加SBOS提高了牙鲆血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和γ-L-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)的活性,但仅AST差异显著(p < 0.05),而对肝脏AST、ALT、AKP、LDH和γ-GT活性无显著影响(p > 0.05);SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了血浆ALT和LDH活性,而对AST、AKP和γ-GT活性无显著影响;同时,SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS显著提高了肝脏AST和ALT活性,而对AKP、LDH和γ-GT活性无显著影响;④饲料中添加SBOS对牙鲆血浆中尿素氮和游离氨基酸浓度均无显著影响。试验结果表明,不同蛋白源基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出不同的生长效应;其中,FM基础饲料中添加SBOS表现出一定的抑制生长效应,而SPI基础饲料中添加SBOS却表现出促生长效应。     

低蛋白质日粮对断奶仔猪生长相关激素和肠道微生物区系的影响

【目的】在饲喂低蛋白质日粮条件下,探究断奶仔猪生长相关激素、回肠和盲肠微生物组成及其代谢产物的变化。【方法】选取体重相近杜长大断奶仔猪54头,随机平均分为3组,每组18头,分别饲喂含20%(NP组)、17%(MP组)和14%(LP组)粗蛋白日粮,平衡日粮中的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸,于试验第10、25和45天每组屠宰6头,采血测定血常规和生长相关激素;于第45天采集回肠和盲肠食糜,分析微生物及其代谢产物。【结果】与NP组相比,第25和45天时MP和LP组尿素氮水平显著降低(P0.05),第25天时LP组甘油三脂含量、第45天时LP组胆固醇含量显著增加(P0.05)。各时间点血液胰高血糖素、胰岛素、生长激素、T3和T4在3组之间差异均不显著。门水平上,回肠和盲肠中的微生物均以厚壁菌门占主导地位,但各组间差异不显著;随日粮蛋白质含量降低,乳酸杆菌属呈上升趋势,严格梭菌属呈下降趋势,但差异不显著。降低日粮蛋白质含量显著减少了回肠和盲肠中氨氮的产量(P0.05)。【结论】断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质降低3或6个百分点不影响机体生长相关激素的分泌,但能降低血液尿素氮和肠道内氨氮的浓度,对肠道有益菌乳酸杆菌属的相对丰度有一定的提高作用。这说明低蛋白质日粮能提高断奶仔猪对饲料氮源的利用率,且有利于肠道健康。     

UV—B对高等植物生长和产量及某些生理代谢过程的影响

本文介绍ＵＶ－Ｂ实验的方法和ＵＶ－Ｂ对高等植物生长发育、作物产量及代谢过程影响的研究进展。     

光质对韭菜碳氮代谢、生长和品质的影响

以‘平韭2号’为试材,以白光(W)处理为对照(CK),研究白+红(WR)、白+蓝(WB)、白+绿(WG)、白+紫(WP)4种不同光质处理对韭菜碳氮代谢、生长和品质的影响.结果表明: WR处理韭菜的光合速率(P_n)显著高于CK,而WB、WG和WP与CK无显著差异,但RuBP羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性均显著高于CK.各处理相比,总糖含量以WR最高,WP其次,WB和WG最低.WR下韭菜蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性显著高于CK,其余三者均显著低于CK,其中以WB最低,但蔗糖合成酶(SS)和淀粉酶(AMS)活性均以WB最高,WR最低,WG和WP的SS活性与CK无差异,但AMS活性显著低于CK.可见,增加红、紫光比例可促进韭菜碳的同化和转化,加速糖的积累.总氮、蛋白氮含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性以WB最高,显著高于CK,但WB下谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性最低,显著低于CK;WR的蛋白氮和非蛋白氮含量、NR和GS活性最低,显著低于CK,GOGAT和GDH活性显著高于CK,且GDH在所有处理中最高;WG的全氮、非蛋白氮含量及GDH活性均显著低于CK,但蛋白氮含量、NR和GOGAT活性显著高于CK,WP的氮含量及相关酶活性呈现出与WG相同的趋势,且GS活性亦同样高于CK.说明增加蓝光、紫光和绿光可使韭菜氮代谢增强,而增加红光对蛋白质的合成有一定的抑制作用.红光和紫光下韭菜生长较好,而蓝光则抑制其加粗生长,叶片较薄,单株生长量较低.紫光下韭菜的粗纤维含量最低,营养品质最优,因此,紫光对韭菜的生长最有利.     

Effect of concentration of compounds containing iron on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract We examined the effect of the concentration of various types of iron molecules on the regulation of growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis . Bacterial growth was monitored spectrophotometrically. The hemin-depleted cells of P. gingivalis 381 were incubated in the basal medium plus test substrates such as hemoglobin, hemin, transferrin and various inorganic iron compounds. The relationship between the specific growth rate of organisms and the concentration of iron-containing compounds was determined. The value of K _s, a parameter analogous to the Michaelis-Menten constant, was estimated. P . gingivalis 381 showed a K _ss value of 3.85, 4.91 and 0.0017 μM for hemin, transferrin and hemoglobin, respectively. However, the inorganic iron compounds tested did not support growth of P. gingivalis . These findings suggest that P. gingivalis utilizes hemoglobin as an iron source much more effectively than other iron-containing compounds under an iron-limited environment.     

铜污染对三叶草幼苗生长及活性氧代谢影响的研究

通过水培实验研究了重金属铜(Cu)污染对三叶草(Trifolium pratense)幼苗生长及活性氧代谢系统的影响。结果表明,低浓度Cu污染(<10mg·L^-1)对三叶草幼苗生长无明显抑制现象,甚至促进幼苗生长,植株干重、鲜重和叶片可溶性蛋白及叶绿素含量均略微升高,丙二醛(MDA)水平降低,活性氧清除系统内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均略微升高,保护酶系统仍保持平衡.但随Cu浓度(10～100mg·L^-1)增加则显示出一定的负效应,三叶草幼苗与对照组相比,植株矮小,须根短且数目少,植株干重、鲜重和可溶性蛋白含量均明显减少,叶片发黄,叶片色素含量下降,并随Cu浓度的增加而变化更显著。同时,随Cu浓度增加,叶片细胞膜透性增大,电导率显著升高,MDA水平上升,且活性氧清除系统遭到破坏,保护酶系统失衡,SOD和CAT活性显著下降,分别降低了26．7％和71．3％,而POD活性却明显上升,比对照升高了10．6倍。     

微生态添加剂EM对蓝狐育成期生长、代谢及免疫机能的影响

在蓝狐育成期的日粮中分别添加不同剂量的微生态制剂EM,研究不同剂量的EM添加剂对幼狐生长发育,消化代谢及免疫机能的影响。结果表明,EM添加剂能增强幼狐的采食量和平均日增重,Ⅲ组,Ⅳ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;显著提高粗蛋白（CP）,粗纤维（CF）,矿物质元素Ca,p的消化率和净蛋白的利用率（P＜0．05）,且与剂量有关,Ⅲ组CP的消化率提高8．21％,净蛋白的利用率提高16．27％,Ca,P的消化率分别提高9．82％,12．13％,EM添加剂对粗脂肪（EE）,无N浸出物（NFE）的消化率无影响（P＞0．05）,能有效预防和治疗幼狐的腹泻和便血症,显著提高幼狐的免疫机能（P＜0．05）,提高幼狐的成活率,同时减少矿物质元素的排放量,EM是一种高产,安全,环保型的饲料添加剂,可在毛皮动物养殖业中推广应用。     

Cellular iron depletion stimulates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling transduction pathways, dissociation of ASK1-thioredoxin, and activation of ASK1

The role of signaling pathways in the regulation of cellular iron metabolism is becoming increasingly recognized. Iron chelation is used for the treatment of iron overload but also as a potential strategy for cancer therapy, because iron depletion results in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This study examined potential signaling pathways affected by iron depletion induced by desferrioxamine (DFO) or di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT). Both chelators affected multiple molecules in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including a number of dual specificity phosphatases that directly de-phosphorylate MAPKs. Examination of the phosphorylation of major MAPKs revealed that DFO and Dp44mT markedly increased phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases, JNK and p38, without significantly affecting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Redox-inactive DFO-iron complexes did not affect phosphorylation of JNK or p38, whereas the redox-active Dp44mT-iron complex significantly increased the phosphorylation of these kinases similarly to Dp44mT alone. Iron or N-acetylcysteine supplementation reversed Dp44mT-induced up-regulation of phospho-JNK, but only iron was able to reverse the effect of DFO on JNK. Both iron chelators significantly reduced ASK1-thioredoxin complex formation, resulting in the increased phosphorylation of ASK1, which activates the JNK and p38 pathways. Thus, dissociation of ASK1 could serve as an important signal for the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 activation observed after iron chelation. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 likely play an important role in mediating the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by iron depletion.     

Growth characteristics and growth modeling of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Planktothrix agardhii</Emphasis> under iron limitation

Although iron is a key nutrient for algal growth just as are nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic systems, the effects of iron on algal growth are not well understood. The growth characteristics of two species of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii, in iron-limited continuous cultures were investigated. The relationships between dissolved iron concentration, cell quota of iron, and population growth rate were determined applying two equations, Monod’s and Droop’s equations. Both species produced hydroxamate-type siderophores, but neither species produced catechol-type siderophores. The cell quota of nitrogen for both M. aeruginosa and P. agardhii decreased with decreasing cell quota of iron. The cell quota of phosphorus for M. aeruginosa decreased with decreasing cell quota of iron, whereas those for P. agardhii did not decrease. Iron uptake rate was measured in ironlimited batch cultures under different degrees of iron starvation. The results of the iron uptake experiments suggest that iron uptake rates are independent of the cell quota of iron for M. aeruginosa and highly dependent on the cell quota for P. agardhii. A kinetic model under iron limitation was developed based on the growth characteristics determined in our study, and this model predicted accurately the algal population growth and iron consumption. The model simulation suggested that M. aeruginosa is a superior competitor under iron limitation. The differences in growth characteristics between the species would be important determinants of the dominance of these algal species.     

光对茶树儿茶素代谢的影响

光对茶树儿茶素代谢的影响黄雨初（中国科学技术大学生物系,合肥２３００２６）汪东风,陈为均,王传友,萧伟祥（安徽农业大学茶业系,合肥２３００３６）Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｏｎｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｔｔｅａｔｒｅｅ．￥ＨｕａｎｇＹｕｃｈ...     

A new role for heme, facilitating release of iron from the bacterioferritin iron biomineral

Bacterioferritin (BFR) from Escherichia coli is a member of the ferritin family of iron storage proteins and has the capacity to store very large amounts of iron as an Fe(3+) mineral inside its central cavity. The ability of organisms to tap into their cellular stores in times of iron deprivation requires that iron must be released from ferritin mineral stores. Currently, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs, particularly in prokaryotic ferritins. Here we show that the bis-Met-coordinated heme groups of E. coli BFR, which are not found in other members of the ferritin family, play an important role in iron release from the BFR iron biomineral: kinetic iron release experiments revealed that the transfer of electrons into the internal cavity is the rate-limiting step of the release reaction and that the rate and extent of iron release were significantly increased in the presence of heme. Despite previous reports that a high affinity Fe(2+) chelator is required for iron release, we show that a large proportion of BFR core iron is released in the absence of such a chelator and further that chelators are not passive participants in iron release reactions. Finally, we show that the catalytic ferroxidase center, which is central to the mechanism of mineralization, is not involved in iron release; thus, core mineralization and release processes utilize distinct pathways.     

Effect of salinity,alkalinity and iron sources on availability of iron

The availability of iron from added iron sources was studied in normal and salt affected soils in the laboratory. All forms of iron decreased with increase in salinity and alkalinity, the lowest amount being recorded in 8 E.Ce+40 ESP soil. All the forms of iron in all the soils decreased gradually with increase in incubation period. Addition of iron in organic and inorganic forms increased all the forms of iron in all the soils. In general, iron Ke-Min and Rayplex were better in keeping higher iron availability for longer time.