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柯农 《中国生物工程杂志》1988,8(3):33-34
“抗虫工程植物”组建成功是农业生物工程研究的重要突破,也是植物分子遗传学研究的重要成果,一直引起世界生命科学工作者的密切关注,这三个国家在探究细菌毒素蛋白基因引入植物方面已取得突破,为组建“抗虫工程植物”开辟了一条新途径,并为“杀虫工程植物”早日实用化的实现而努力。 相似文献
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植物抗虫基因工程为防治农业害虫提供了一条崭新途径。本文对植物抗虫基因工程近年来所取得的某些研究进展,包括目前已发现和利用的抗虫基因、提高抗虫基因在植物体内表达的方法以及防止或延缓害虫产生抗性的策略等方面进行了综合评述,并对植物抗虫基因工程中有待解决的问题和发展前景提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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植物抗虫基因工程研究进展 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
植物抗虫基因工程为防治农业害虫提供了一条崭新途径。本文对植物抗虫基因工程近年来所取得的某些研究进展,包括目前已发现和利用的抗虫基因、提高抗虫基因在植物体内表达的方法以及防止或延缓害虫产生抗性的策略等方面进行了综合评述,并对植物抗虫基因工程中有待解决的问题和发展前提提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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植物来源抗虫基因的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物抗虫基因工程为农林业生产中的害虫防治提供了新的途径,随着研究的不断深入,已经获得了很多抗虫基因。本文综述了目前源于植物的抗虫基因的种类,归纳了研究较多的抗虫基因的作用机制及其在转基因植物中的应用,提出了植物抗虫基因在虫害防治中面临的问题及相应的解决策略,展望了植物抗虫基因工程研究发展的方向和前景。 相似文献
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影响苏云金芽孢杆菌基因在转基因植物中表达的因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白基因是植物抗虫基因工程中应用最广泛的基因资源。影响Bt基因在转基因植物中表达的因素繁多,阐明这些因素的效应对于获得Bt基因在受体植物中的稳定高效表达具有重要意义。现对Bt基因表达的主要影响因子,如Bt基因表达单元、植物发育、外部环境条件、受体植物遗传背景、整合位点及Bt基因沉默现象等进行了综述。 相似文献
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对昆虫具有毒性的外源毒性物质广泛存在于微生物、植物和一些动物中。概述了Bt晶体蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂、植物凝集素、淀粉酶抑制剂、几丁质酶等几种外源毒性物质的特征、杀虫机理及其基因在植物抗虫品种培育方面的应用概况,并对今后转外源毒性基因抗虫植物的主要研究方向作了探讨。 相似文献
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抗虫植物基因工程研究进展 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
虫害是造成农业减产的主要原因之一。据不完全统计,全世界每年因虫害引起的作物减产达总产量的15%,损失高达数千亿美元。在我国,因虫害水稻减产在lO%以上;小麦减产近20%;棉花减产在 相似文献
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Protein proteinase inhibitor genes in combat against insects, pests, and pathogens: natural and engineered phytoprotection 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The continual need to increase food production necessitates the development and application of novel biotechnologies to enable the provision of improved crop varieties in a timely and cost-effective way. A milestone in this field was the introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) entomotoxic proteins into plants. Despite the success of this technology, there is need for development of alternative strategies of phytoprotection. Biotechnology offers sustainable solutions to the problem of pests, pathogens, and plant parasitic nematodes in the form of other insecticidal protein genes. A variety of genes, besides (Bt) toxins that are now available for genetic engineering for pest resistance are genes for vegetative insecticidal proteins, proteinase inhibitors, alpha-amylase inhibitors, and plant lectins. This review presents a comprehensive summary of research efforts that focus on the potential use and advantages of using proteinase inhibitor genes to engineer insect- and pest-resistance. Crop protection by means of PI genes is an important component of Integrated Pest Management programmes. 相似文献
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Environmentally friendly approaches to genetic engineering 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Henry Daniell 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(5):361-368
Summary Several environmental problems related to plant genetic engineering may prohibit advancement of this technology and prevent
realization of its full potential. One such common concern is the demonstrated escape of foreign genes through pollen dispersal
from transgenic crop plants to their weedy relatives, creating super weeds or causing gene pollution among other crops or
toxicity of transgenic pollen to nontarget insects. The high rates of gene flow from crops to wild relatives (as high as 38%
in sunflower and 50% in strawberries) are certainly a serious concern. Maternal inheritance of the herbicide resistance gene
via chloroplast genetic engineering has been shown to be a practical solution to these problems. Another common concern is
the suboptimal production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal protein or reliance on a single (or similar) B.t. protein in commercial transgenic crops, resulting in
B.t. resistance among target pests. Clearly, different insecticidal proteins should be produced in lethal quantities to decrease
the development of resistance. Such hyperexpression of a novel B.t. protein in chloroplasts has resulted in 100% mortality
of insects that are up to 40 000-fold resistant to other B.t. proteins. Yet another concern is the presence of antibiotic
resistance genes in transgenic plants that could inactivate oral doses of the antibiotic or be transferred to pathogenic microbes
in the GI tract or in soil, rendering them resistant to treatment with such antibiotics. Cotransformation and elimination
of antibiotic resistant genes from transgenic plants using transposable elements via breeding are promising new approaches.
Genetic engineering efforts have also addressed yet another concern, i.e., the accumulation and persistence of plastics in
our environment by production of biodegradable plastics. Recent approaches and accomplishments in addressing these environmental
concerns via chloroplast genetic engineering are discussed in this review. 相似文献
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Expression and Chloroplast Targeting of Cholesterol Oxidase in Transgenic Tobacco Plants 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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David R. Corbin Robert J. Grebenok Thomas E. Ohnmeiss John T. Greenplate John P. Purcell 《Plant physiology》2001,126(3):1116-1128
Cholesterol oxidase represents a novel type of insecticidal protein with potent activity against the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). We transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants with the cholesterol oxidase choM gene and expressed cytosolic and chloroplast-targeted versions of the ChoM protein. Transgenic leaf tissues expressing cholesterol oxidase exerted insecticidal activity against boll weevil larvae. Our results indicate that cholesterol oxidase can metabolize phytosterols in vivo when produced cytosolically or when targeted to chloroplasts. The transgenic plants exhibiting cytosolic expression accumulated low levels of saturated sterols known as stanols, and displayed severe developmental aberrations. In contrast, the transgenic plants expressing chloroplast-targeted cholesterol oxidase maintained a greater accumulation of stanols, and appeared phenotypically and developmentally normal. These results are discussed within the context of plant sterol distribution and metabolism. 相似文献
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AN E BIRCH I E GEOGHEGAN D W GRIFFITHS J W McNICOL 《The Annals of applied biology》2002,140(2):143-149
Foliage of potato cv. Desiree was harvested from glasshouse‐cultivated plants of five experimental transgenic lines expressing three different insecticidal proteins (snowdrop lectin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA); jackbean lectin, Concanavalin A (Con A), cowpea trypsin inhibitor; (CpTi)), tissue‐cultured control plants and standard control (non‐tissue cultured) plants. The foliage was subdivided into stems, upper, middle and lower leaves and analysed separately by HPLC for the solanidine‐based glycoalkaloids a‐solanine and a‐chaconine. The results demonstrate that one or more stages in the plant transformation process (i.e. insecticidal‐ and marker‐gene insertions, gene expression and tissue culture) resulted in a lower level of leaf glycoalkaloids than that found in either the tissue‐cultured controls or standard controls, based on the selected potato lines transformed for insecticidal protein expression. However, the distribution of glycoalkaloids throughout the plant foliage was unaffected by genetic transformation and tissue culture, with the highest glycoalkaloid levels being observed in the top third of the plant. The importance of investigating unexpected effects of genetic engineering on plant secondary metabolism is discussed from an ecological viewpoint. 相似文献
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转基因烟草中Bt毒蛋白基因的表达行为 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Bt toxin genes were the insecticidal genes most widely used in genetic engineering of pest resistant plant, were of important significance to study their expression behavior in transgenic plants. In this work, a plant expression vector, pBinMoBc, was constructed. It contained the Cry IA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and the Ω factor. The vector was transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression levels of the Cry IA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plants were significantly higher than that in wild-type tobacco plants. The highest could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins; the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plant was changeable during the development stages of tobacco plant. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal activity than the wild-type tobacco plants. The above results indicated that pBinMoBc was an effective pest-resistent plant expression vector. This study would be very helpful in screening transgenic cotton with high resistance to cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigeva Hubner). 相似文献