Bacteria in sputum of stable severe asthma and increased airway wall thickness

Background

Patients with chronic asthma have thicker intrapulmonary airways measured on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). We determined whether the presence of lower airway bacteria was associated with increased airway wall thickness.

Methods

In 56 patients with stable severe asthma, sputum specimens obtained either spontaneously or after induction with hypertonic saline were cultured for bacteria and thoracic HRCT scans obtained. Wall thickness (W_T) and area (W_A) expressed as a ratio of airway diameter (D) and total area, respectively, were measured at five levels.

Results

Positive bacterial cultures were obtained in 29 patients, with H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus being the commonest strains. Logistic regression analysis showed that this was associated with the duration of asthma and the exacerbations during the past year. In airways > 2 mm, there was no significant difference in W_A (67.5 ± 5.4 vs 66.4 ± 5.4) and W_T/D (21.6 ± 2.7 vs 21.3 ± 2.4) between the culture negative versus positive groups. Similarly, in airways (≤ 2 mm), there were no significant differences in these parameters. The ratio of √wall area to P_i was negatively correlated with FEV₁% predicted (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Bacterial colonization of the lower airways is common in patients with chronic severe asthma and is linked to the duration of asthma and having had exacerbations in the past year, but not with an increase in airway wall thickness.     

COPD急性加重期呼气冷凝液中性粒细胞趋化性增加与气道免疫功能障碍的关系

摘要 目的：探讨COPD急性加重期（AECOPD）呼气冷凝液中性粒细胞趋化性增加与气道免疫功能障碍的关系。方法：2018年4月到2021年5月选择在本院诊治的COPD患者88例作为研究对象,包括AECOPD患者48例（急性组）与COPD缓解期患者40例（缓解组）,检测两组中性粒细胞氧化吞噬百分率、呼气冷凝液CCL18与CC16含量、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平,同时记录气道总粘性阻力、气道总阻抗、近端气道粘性阻力等指标并进行相关性分析。结果：急性组的中性粒细胞氧化吞噬百分率低于缓解组（P<0.05）。急性组的呼气冷凝液CCL18、CC16含量与气道总粘性阻力、气道总阻抗、近端气道粘性阻力高于缓解组（P<0.05）。急性组的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例低于缓解组,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞高于缓解组（P<0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示：中性粒细胞氧化吞噬百分率、气道总阻抗、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例、呼气冷凝液CCL18为导致AECOPD发生的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：AECOPD患者伴随有呼气冷凝液CCL18、CC16含量增加与中性粒细胞氧化吞噬百分率降低,还伴随有气道阻力增加与免疫功能降低,中性粒细胞氧化吞噬百分率、气道总阻抗、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例、呼气冷凝液CCL18为导致AECOPD发生的重要因素。     

The identification of 7-[(R)-2-((1S,2S)-2-benzyloxycyclopentylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxybenzothiazolone as an inhaled long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist

The optimisation of two series of 4-hydroxybenzothiazolone derived β₂-adrenoceptor agonists, bearing α-substituted cyclopentyl and β-phenethyl amino-substituents, as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators is described. Analogues were selected for synthesis using a lipophilicity based hypothesis to achieve the targeted rapid onset of action in combination with a long duration of action. The profiling of the two series led to identification of the α-substituted cyclopentyl analogue 2 as the optimal compound with a comparable profile to the inhaled once-daily long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol. On the basis of these data 2 was promoted as the backup development candidate to indacaterol from the Novartis LABA project.     

Clinical and computed tomographic predictors of chronic bronchitis in COPD: a cross sectional analysis of the COPDGene study

Background

Chronic bronchitis (CB) has been related to poor outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). From a clinical standpoint, we have shown that subjects with CB in a group with moderate to severe airflow obstruction were younger, more likely to be current smokers, male, Caucasian, had worse health related quality of life, more dyspnea, and increased exacerbation history compared to those without CB. We sought to further refine our clinical characterization of chronic bronchitics in a larger cohort and analyze the CT correlates of CB in COPD subjects. We hypothesized that COPD patients with CB would have thicker airways and a greater history of smoking, acute bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, and occupational exposures compared to those without CB.

Methods

We divided 2703 GOLD 1–4 subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene®) Study into two groups based on symptoms: chronic bronchitis (CB+, n = 663, 24.5%) and no chronic bronchitis (CB-, n = 2040, 75.5%). Subjects underwent extensive clinical characterization, and quantitative CT analysis to calculate mean wall area percent (WA%) of 6 segmental airways was performed using VIDA PW2 (http://www.vidadiagnostics.com). Square roots of the wall areas of bronchi with internal perimeters 10 mm and 15 mm (Pi10 and Pi15, respectively), % emphysema, %gas trapping, were calculated using 3D Slicer (http://www.slicer.org).

Results

There were no differences in % emphysema (11.4 ± 12.0 vs. 12.0 ± 12.6%, p = 0.347) or % gas trapping (35.3 ± 21.2 vs. 36.3 ± 20.6%, p = 0.272) between groups. Mean segmental WA% (63.0 ± 3.2 vs. 62.0 ± 3.1%, p < 0.0001), Pi10 (3.72 ± 0.15 vs. 3.69 ± 0.14 mm, p < 0.0001), and Pi15 (5.24 ± 0.22 vs. 5.17 ± 0.20, p < 0.0001) were greater in the CB + group. Greater percentages of gastroesophageal reflux, allergic rhinitis, histories of asthma and acute bronchitis, exposures to dusts and occupational exposures, and current smokers were seen in the CB + group. In multivariate binomial logistic regression, male gender, Caucasian race, a lower FEV₁%, allergic rhinitis, history of acute bronchitis, current smoking, and increased airway wall thickness increased odds for having CB.

Conclusions

Histories of asthma, allergic rhinitis, acute bronchitis, current smoking, a lower FEV₁%, Caucasian race, male gender, and increased airway wall thickness are associated with CB. These data provide clinical and radiologic correlations to the clinical phenotype of CB.     

Involvement of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in cigarette smoke-induced changes in airway responsiveness and inflammation of rat lung

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), recently considered the third endogenous gaseous transmitter, may have an important role in systemic inflammation. We investigated whether endogenous H₂S may be a crucial mediator in airway responsiveness and airway inflammation in a rat model of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Rats randomly divided into control and CS-exposed groups were treated with or without sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, donor of H₂S) or propargylglycine (PPG, inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase [CSE], an H₂S-synthesizing enzyme) for 4-month exposure. Serum H₂S level and CSE protein expression in lung tissue were higher, by 2.04- and 2.33-fold, respectively, in CS-exposed rats than in controls (P < 0.05). Exogenous administration of NaHS to CS-exposed rats alleviated airway reactivity induced by acetylcholine (Ach) or potassium chloride (KCl) by 17.4% and 13.8%, respectively, decreased lung pathology score by 32.7%, inhibited IL-8 and TNF- α concentrations in lung tissue by 34.2% and 31.4%, respectively, as compared with CS-exposed rats (all P < 0.05). However, blocking endogenous CSE with PPG in CS-exposed rats increased airway reactivity induced by Ach or KCl, by 24.1% and 24.5%, respectively, and aggravated lung pathology score, by 44.8%, as compared with CS-exposed rats (all P < 0.01). Incubation in vitro with NaHS, 1–3 mmol/L, relaxed rat tracheal smooth muscle precontracted by Ach or KCl. However, the NaHS-induced relaxation was not blocked by glibenclamide (10^?4 mol/L), L-NAME (10^?4 mol/L), or ODQ (1 μmol/L) or denudation of epithelium. Endogenous H₂S may have a protective role of anti-inflammation and bronchodilation in chronic CS-induced pulmonary injury.     

血浆N端脑钠肽前体与COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者肺动脉压的相关性分析

目的探讨血浆N端脑钠肽前体与COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者肺动脉压的相关性。方法将我院收治的94例COPD稳定期患者,根据心脏彩超检查明确合并慢性肺心病患者分为观察组46例,单纯COPD患者分为对照组48例,采用化学发光法测定两组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平,心脏彩超检查两组患者右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数、主肺动脉宽度、肺动脉压,并进行比较。结果与对照组比较,观察组血浆NT-proBNP水平明显升高(P0.05),右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、主肺动脉宽度、肺动脉压明显升高(P0.05)。血浆NT-proBNP水平与肺动脉压成明显正相关(r=-0.284,P0.01)。结论 COPD合并慢性肺心病患者血浆NT-proBNP水平升高,有助于评估肺动脉高压的严重程度。     

慢性阻塞性肺病继发曲霉菌感染96例临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）继发呼吸系统曲霉菌感染的临床特点及防治对策。方法分析浙江大学附属第一医院2007年6月至2008年6月收治的96例COPD痰培养曲霉菌阳性患者的临床表现、治疗方法及治疗结果。结果96例COPD痰培养曲霉菌阳性患者经治疗后,9例死亡,87例好转,其中45例未用抗真菌药物治疗,38例应用氟康唑针治疗,13例加用伏立康唑针治疗。结论近年来COPD患者痰培养曲霉菌阳性呈持续增多趋势,感染因素为长期反复住院、老年、抗生素及激素的不合理应用、医源性侵袭性操作,早期诊断,早期治疗及合理预防用药是减少呼吸系统曲霉菌感染发生的关键。     

The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma

Background

The coexistence of COPD and asthma is widely recognized but has not been well described. This study characterizes clinical features, spirometry, and chest CT scans of smoking subjects with both COPD and asthma.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study comparing subjects with COPD and asthma to subjects with COPD alone in the COPDGene Study.

Results

119 (13%) of 915 subjects with COPD reported a history of physician-diagnosed asthma. These subjects were younger (61.3 vs 64.7 years old, p = 0.0001) with lower lifetime smoking intensity (43.7 vs 55.1 pack years, p = 0.0001). More African-Americans reported a history of asthma (33.6% vs 15.6%, p < 0.0001). Subjects with COPD and asthma demonstrated worse disease-related quality of life, were more likely to have had a severe COPD exacerbation in the past year, and were more likely to experience frequent exacerbations (OR 3.55 [2.19, 5.75], p < 0.0001). Subjects with COPD and asthma demonstrated greater gas-trapping on chest CT. There were no differences in spirometry or CT measurements of emphysema or airway wall thickness.

Conclusion

Subjects with COPD and asthma represent a relevant clinical population, with worse health-related quality of life. They experience more frequent and severe respiratory exacerbations despite younger age and reduced lifetime smoking history.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00608764","term_id":"NCT00608764"}}NCT00608764     

The prevalence of increased serum IgE and Aspergillus sensitization in patients with COPD and their association with symptoms and lung function

Background

Allergy and Aspergillus hypersensitivity (AH) were shown to be associated with severe symptoms or worse lung function in COPD patients. The prevalence of elevated total IgE (T-IgE) and its association with clinical symptoms and lung function in COPD have not been studied. The prevalence of AH and its correlation with clinical characteristics in a COPD cohort of larger sample size is also lacking.

Methods

273 patients with COPD were evaluated by respiratory symptoms, blood test, chest HRCT, lung function, serum detection of T-IgE and Aspergillus specific IgE. Patients with T-IgE ≥ 1000 KU/L were further investigated for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).

Results

The prevalence of elevated T-IgE and AH in patients with COPD was 47.3% and 15.0%, respectively. Eight patients (2.9%) met the diagnostic criteria for ABPA. Compared with the normal T-IgE group, patients with elevated T-IgE had a longer history of dyspnea (p < 0.01), an earlier onset of dyspnea after chronic cough/expectoration (p < 0.01), and were more likely to wheeze (p < 0.01). They also showed worse lung functions and more severe GOLD staging (p < 0.01). Analysis of the clinical data in male patients with smoking as the risk factor showed the same results. To evaluate the clinical characteristics of COPD with AH, patients with elevated T-IgE were further divided into subgroups with and without AH. When compared with the normal T-IgE group, both the two subgroups showed longer history of dyspnea (p < 0.01), an earlier onset of dyspnea (p < 0.01) and a worse status of lung function (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that T-IgE was correlated positively with the time length of dyspnea (r = 0.401, p < 0.001), and the ratio of duration of dyspnea to that of chronic cough/expectoration (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), but negatively with FEV1/FVC% (r = −0.194, p = 0.001), and FEV1%predicted (r = −0.219, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There was a high prevalence of elevated serum T-IgE and AH in patients with COPD. Serum T-IgE level was correlated with symptoms such as dyspnea and impairment of lung function. Allergens other than Aspergillus may have similar effects on disease expression or progression of COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并糖尿病患者口腔菌群及肠道菌群的研究

探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并糖尿病患者与糖尿病患者口腔菌群及肠道菌群的差异。

选取2019年5月到2020年5月于我院就诊的COPD合并糖尿病患者与仅患糖尿病的患者各30例。检测两组患者的各项身体指标以及生化指标。采集两组患者牙体颊/舌面液体, 提取细菌基因组DNA, 采用荧光定量PCR鉴定常见口腔细菌。采用贴纸收集粪便样本, 并用选择性琼脂培养基培养菌群, 结果以每毫升粪便的菌落形成单位(CFU)表示。通过BBL Crystal^TM鉴定系统对分离出的细菌进行鉴定。采用Elisa试剂盒测量粪便中Zonulin的水平(ng/mL)。

COPD合并糖尿病患者体质量指数[(29.54±2.16)kg/m²]较高, 血糖水平也较高, 但与糖尿病组比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。COPD合并糖尿病患者CRP水平升高(P＜0.05), 其他各项指标两组间差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。30例COPD合并糖尿病患者链球菌检出率为60.0%, 奈瑟菌检出率为30.0%, 放线菌检出率为66.7%, 韦荣球菌检出率为40.0%, 牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率为70.0%。30例糖尿病患者链球菌检出率为40.0%, 奈瑟菌检出率为56.7%, 放线菌检出率为36.7%, 韦荣球菌检出率为73.3%, 牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率为46.7%。Zonulin与炎症和真菌数量之间存在显著正相关。

COPD合并糖尿病患者肠道真菌数量、肠屏障功能与全身性炎症之间存在密切联系。

     

基于p38MAPK通路探讨银杏叶提取物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠气道黏液高分泌及血管重塑的影响

摘要 目的：探讨银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo biloba extract, GBE）通过调控p38MAPK通路对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）大鼠气道黏液高分泌及肺血管重塑的影响。方法：将90只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、COPD模型组、GBE高剂量组、GBE中剂量组、GBE低剂量组、SB203580组。采用香烟烟雾熏吸联合气道内注入脂多糖（LPS）的方法建立COPD大鼠模型,造模结束后分组给药;通过维多利亚蓝+VG染色观察大鼠肺小动脉病理改变,测量血管壁厚度占血管外径百分比（WT%）、管壁面积占血管面积百分比（WA%）的变化;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测大鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALF）与血清中TNF-α、TGF-β的表达;实时荧光定量法（RT-PCR）检测肺组织表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、黏蛋白5AC（MUC5AC）mRNA表达;蛋白质印迹法（Western Blot）检测肺组织EGFR、MUC5AC、p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达。结果：与空白对照组比较,COPD模型组WT%、WA%明显升高（P＜0.05）;与COPD模型组比较,各药物干预组WT%、WA%明显降低（P＜0.05）;COPD模型组大鼠BALF及血清中TNF-α、TGF-β水平较空白对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）,各药物干预组TNF-α、TGF-β水平较COPD模型组明显下降（P＜0.05）;COPD模型组大鼠肺组织EGFR、MUC5AC mRNA与空白对照组相比明显升高（P＜0.05）,各药物干预组大鼠肺组织EGFR、MUC5AC mRNA与COPD模型组相比显著降低（P＜0.05）;COPD模型组大鼠肺组织中EGFR、MUC5AC、p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达与空白对照组相比明显升高（P＜0.05）,各药物干预组大鼠肺组织中EGFR、MUC5AC、p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达与COPD模型组相比明显降低（P＜0.05）,不同GBE剂量干预组中EGFR、MUC5AC、p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达量随着给药剂量增加而减少。结论：GBE能够抑制COPD大鼠气道黏液分泌、改善肺血管重塑,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK通路有关。     

高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床特点分析

目的:了解高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床和实验室检查特点。方法:收集2012年1月至2013年7月我院收治的80岁以上COPD患者(高龄组)和80岁以下COPD患者(非高龄组)各50例的临床资料,比较两组的临床特征、合并症、实验室检查和临床治疗结果。结果:①与非高龄组比较,高龄组既往慢性支气管炎病史和平均住院天数均显著延长,因急性发作的入院率、死亡率和平均住院总费用均显著增高,喘息、呼吸困难和下肢浮肿的发生率均显著增高(P0.05)。②高龄组患者合并基础疾病者更多,以高血压、心功能不全、冠心病、心律失常和脑血管病后遗症为主,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。③高龄组C反应蛋白、B型尿钠肽前体、肌红蛋白和高敏肌钙蛋白均显著升高,总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05)。④高龄组胸腔积液和左心室舒张功能显著降低的发生率显著升高(P0.05),但两组咳嗽、咳痰、发热及合并呼吸衰竭、糖尿病和肿瘤的发生率无显著性差异(P0.05);且两组白细胞总数,中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原、肌酸磷酸激酶、血气分析包括PH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和氧饱和度比较无显著性差异(P0.05);两组肺部炎症、肺气肿、肺大泡、陈旧性肺结核、左心室收缩功能降低的发生率和心电图检查比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。⑤两组治疗方法和治疗结果亦无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:高龄COPD患者急性发作临床症状不典型,白细胞总数和中性粒细胞升高亦不显著,需要重视出现的喘息,呼吸困难和下肢浮肿症状。患者症状隐匿,常因病情突然加重而急诊入院;高龄COPD患者合并症多,基础疾病与COPD急性加重症状易重叠,导致病情复杂、危重使治疗费用和住院时间明显延长。高龄COPD患者更易合并心血管疾病,贫血和低蛋白血症是其预后不良的敏感指标。     

高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床特点分析

目的：了解高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的临床和实验室检查特点。方法：收集2012 年1 月至2013 年7 月我院收治的80 岁以上COPD 患者（高龄组）和80 岁以下COPD 患者（非高龄组）各50 例的临床资料,比较两组的临床特征、合并症、实验室检查和临床治疗结果。结果：①与非高龄组比较,高龄组既往慢性支气管炎病史和平均住院天数均显著延长,因急性发作的入院率、死亡率和平均住院总费用均显著增高,喘息、呼吸困难和下肢浮肿的发生率均显著增高（P〈0.05）。②高龄组患者合并基础疾病者更多,以高血压、心功能不全、冠心病、心律失常和脑血管病后遗症为主,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。③高龄组C 反应蛋白、B型尿钠肽前体、肌红蛋白和高敏肌钙蛋白均显著升高,总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平显著降低（P〈0.05）。④高龄组胸腔积液和左心室舒张功能显著降低的发生率显著升高（P〈0.05）,但两组咳嗽、咳痰、发热及合并呼吸衰竭、糖尿病和肿瘤的发生率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;且两组白细胞总数,中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原、肌酸磷酸激酶、血气分析包括PH 值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和氧饱和度比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;两组肺部炎症、肺气肿、肺大泡、陈旧性肺结核、左心室收缩功能降低的发生率和心电图检查比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。⑤两组治疗方法和治疗结果亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：高龄COPD 患者急性发作临床症状不典型,白细胞总数和中性粒细胞升高亦不显著,需要重视出现的喘息,呼吸困难和下肢浮肿症状。患者症状隐匿,常因病情突然加重而急诊入院;高龄COPD患者合并症多,基础疾病与COPD急性加重症状易重叠,导致病情复杂、危重使治疗费用和住院时间明显延长。高龄COPD 患者更易合并心血管疾病,贫血和低蛋白血症是其预后不良的敏感指标。     

Lung CD8+ T cells in COPD have increased expression of bacterial TLRs

Background

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on T cells can modulate their responses, however, the extent and significance of TLR expression by lung T cells, NK cells, or NKT cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.

Methods

Lung tissue collected from clinically-indicated resections (n = 34) was used either: (a) to compare the expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR2/1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6 and TLR9 on lung CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells from smokers with or without COPD; or (b) to isolate CD8+ T cells for culture with anti-CD3ε without or with various TLR ligands. We measured protein expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-13, perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, soluble FasL, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, and CXCL9 in supernatants.

Results

All the lung subsets analyzed demonstrated low levels of specific TLR expression, but the percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and TLR2/1 was significantly increased in COPD subjects relative to those without COPD. In contrast, from the same subjects, only TLR2/1 and TLR2 on lung CD4+ T cells and CD8+ NKT cells, respectively, showed a significant increase in COPD and there was no difference in TLR expression on lung CD56+ NK cells. Production of the Tc1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α by lung CD8+ T cells were significantly increased via co-stimulation by Pam3CSK4, a specific TLR2/1 ligand, but not by other agonists. Furthermore, this increase in cytokine production was specific to lung CD8+ T cells from patients with COPD as compared to lung CD8+ T cells from smokers without COPD.

Conclusions

These data suggest that as lung function worsens in COPD, the auto-aggressive behavior of lung CD8+ T cells could increase in response to microbial TLR ligands, specifically ligands against TLR2/1.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺部感染病原菌与肠道定植菌的关系

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺部感染病原菌与肠道定植菌的关系,为后续研究提供参考。 方法 选择2018年7月至2019年7月我院呼吸内科收治的60例COPD患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并肺部感染将患者分为感染组(n=38)和未感染组(n=22)。收集患者痰和粪便标本进行细菌培养,比较两组患者痰和粪便细菌检出情况,并对痰培养及粪便培养结果进行直线相关回归分析。 结果 感染组患者痰标本中铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及大肠埃希菌检出率高于未感染组(均P结论 老年COPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌与肠道定植菌具有一定相关性,临床治疗中应重视COPD患者肠道微生态平衡以降低肺部感染发生率。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者咽部菌群与免疫指标的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期患者咽部菌群与免疫指标的相关性,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2016年6月至2019年8月期间于我院就诊的125例COPD患者作为研究对象,其中急性加重期60例(急性加重组),缓解期65例(缓解组)。选取同期于我院进行健康体检者60例作为对照组。比较3组对象咽部菌群检出情况和CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平,并进行Spearman相关性分析。结果急性加重组患者咽部草绿色链球菌(33.3%)、干燥奈瑟菌(25.0%)比例及菌群多样性(4.713±0.786)显著低于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05),致病菌铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌等比例及菌群总密集度均显著高于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05)。急性加重组患者CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平均显著低于缓解组和对照组(均P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,COPD急性加重期患CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平与菌群总密集度均呈负相关,与菌群多样性均呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论 COPD急性加重期患者存在明显咽部菌群失衡,可引起机体免疫状态的紊乱。     

Atopy is a risk factor for respiratory symptoms in COPD patients: results from the EUROSCOP study

Background

The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP) investigated long-term effects of budesonide; 18% of the COPD participants were atopic. So far effects of atopy on the long-term course of COPD have not been elucidated.

Methods

Factors related to the presence of atopy (positive phadiatop) in 1277 mild-to-moderate COPD patients participating in EUROSCOP were analysed using regression analysis. Incidence and remission of respiratory symptoms during 3-year follow-up were analysed using generalised estimating equations models, and association of atopy with lung function decline using linear mixed effects models.

Results

Independent predisposing factors associated with the presence of atopy were: male gender (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.47–3.34), overweight/obese (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.04–1.92) and lower age (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). Atopy was associated with a higher prevalence of cough (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.26–2.34) and phlegm (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10–2.03), but not with lung function levels or FEV₁ decline. Atopic COPD patients not treated with budesonide had an increased incidence of cough over time (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.03–3.08, p = 0.038), while those treated with budesonide had increased remission of cough (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11–3.37, p = 0.02) compared to non-atopic COPD patients.

Conclusions

Atopic COPD patients are more likely male, have overweight/obesity and are younger as compared with non-atopic COPD patients. Atopy in COPD is associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of respiratory symptoms. If atopic COPD patients are treated with budesonide, they more often show remission of symptoms compared to non-atopic COPD patients who are treated with budesonide. We recommend including atopy in the diagnostic work-up and management of COPD.     

阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者肺功能的影响

目的:探讨阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压的临床疗效及对患者肺功能的影响。方法:选取2013年6月-2016年3月我院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者107例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(49例)与实验组(58例)。对照组患者采用阿奇霉素治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予辛伐他汀治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应以及肺功能指标的变化情况。结果:实验组患者治疗有效率(87.93%)高于对照组(73.47%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后1 s用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后1 s用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后血清总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压的临床效果显著,不仅能够改善患者肺功能,降低血脂相关指标水平,并且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

COPD评估测试与BODE指数的相关研究

目的：探讨COPD评估测试（COPD Assessment Test,CAT）中文版在我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量评价中的价值,并探讨其与BORD指数相关性。方法：选择2010年6月至2012年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科就诊的89例COPD患者,在急性期和稳定期分别进行CAT评分及BORD指数评分。将结果进行配对t检验,评价CAT量表对COPD患者病情变化的敏感性,再进行相关性检验,评价其有效性。结果：配对t检验显示CAT评分在稳定期较急性期有明显改善（P〈0.01）,与临床症状、肺功能、呼吸困难指数改善一致,CAT评分分值与BORD指数相关性较好（r=0.541,P〈0.000）。结论：CAT评分是评价我国COPD患者生活质量有效、敏感、可行的方法。