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敦煌壁画色变中微生物因素的研究:Ⅰ.色变壁画的微生物类群及优势 … 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对子煌莫高窟6个洞窟中的51个典型变色颜料样品的微生物检测,发现其中的细菌有6个属,优势菌为芽孢杆菌属和产碱菌属;霉菌有5个属,优势菌为青霉属。将分离得到的的菌种,通过模拟试验证明,枝孢霉、黑曲霉和2种特殊细菌对壁画红色颜料变色和胶结材料的老化均起着重要作用。 相似文献
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从敦煌莫高窟分离的枝孢霉在模拟壁画表面萌发的条件为:20℃,RH60%或30℃,RH50%。部分石窟在特定时间内可满足这一条件。骨胶对铅丹起到保护作用,而枝孢霉可以分解骨胶,并利用其生长和形成草酸等代谢产物。这些作用使铅丹处于一个特殊的化学环境,造成稳定性下降,并促进了铅丹向铅白的转变。 相似文献
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为探明仿爱夜蛾Apopestes spectrum对莫高窟壁画的损害过程, 给壁画病害昆虫的有效防治提供科学依据。本文结合莫高窟洞窟的微气候环境监测, 在置于莫高窟第53窟中模拟洞窟中观察了仿爱夜蛾成虫的空间分布特点及其对不同颜料壁画的选择趋性。微气候环境监测结果表明, 在8-9月仿爱夜蛾成虫发生高峰期, 模拟洞窟内和莫高窟第53窟内的平均温度分别为17.97℃和18.02℃, 相对湿度分别为37.04%和37.13%, 两者非常接近, 说明模拟洞窟可以较好地模拟自然洞窟内的气象环境条件。空间分布观察结果表明, 仿爱夜蛾在模拟洞窟内不同方位壁画表面的分布数量差异较大, 其中在南壁上部和东壁两侧分布数量最多, 而在底部、 顶部和西壁上部分布数量最少。不同颜料壁画选择趋性测定结果表明, 仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料壁画的选择偏好差异明显, 其中在靛蓝、 铁红和墨壁画色块上的数量最多, 其次为铅丹和石绿色块。Pearson相关性分析显示, 壁画颜料明度与其表面仿爱夜蛾的分布数量呈极显著负相关, 表明壁画颜料明度是影响仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料趋性的重要因素之一。本研究对于其他石窟寺病害昆虫损坏壁画机理研究具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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【背景】微生物侵蚀是古代壁画常见生物病害,影响壁画的长久保存和安全陈展。空气微生物作为壁画病害菌的主要来源,近年在文物赋存环境监测和预防性保护中引起广泛重视。【目的】对天梯山石窟壁画的2处保存地,即天梯山原址和武威西夏博物馆壁画保存环境中的空气细菌浓度、群落结构及其季节变化规律进行分析。【方法】利用生物气溶胶采样器,在2016年春、夏、秋、冬4季分别采集各位点空气样品;基于传统培养方法获得空气中细菌浓度及纯培养菌株;通过提取细菌基因组DNA、扩增其16S rRNA基因、测序和系统发生关系分析等技术研究不同位点细菌群落时空动态变化规律;结合环境监测数据,分析影响文化遗产地空气细菌群落变化的主要因素。【结果】空气可培养细菌的总浓度在16.7-1 451.8 CFU/m3范围内变动。原址第18窟和第13窟,各季节细菌浓度无显著性差异,且呈明显季节性变动规律,总体特征为夏秋季低,冬春季高。西夏博物馆外空气细菌浓度在各季节均高于库房内,冬季最高。本研究共鉴定出19个细菌属,隶属于4个门;其中不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、肉食杆菌属(Carnobacterium)、 Pseudoclavibacter和薄层菌属(Hymenobacter)为优势属。【结论】天梯山石窟空气细菌群落结构具有明显的时空分布特征;相对湿度、温度及季节性降水均会影响其变化;鉴定得到部分种属具备引起壁画生物腐蚀的潜势;本研究可为当地开展遗址和馆藏环境中文物预防性保护提供本底资料。 相似文献
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【目的】通过对敦煌莫高窟内细菌多样性及生理生化特征的分析,为壁画微生物病害防治提供试验依据。【方法】采用纯培养与16S rDNA等技术对莫高窟245#窟内空气样品、壁画样品进行分析,并在培养基中添加壁画颜料测试其对细菌生长的影响。【结果】分离出可培养细菌76株,分属于8个属。其中空气中有6个属,分别为Bacillus、Arthrobacter、Pseudomonas、Acinetobacter、Enterobacter、Kocuria,优势菌为Bacillus、Arthrobacter。壁画上有Bacillus、Arthrobacter、Paenibacillus、Erythrobacter 4个属,优势菌为Bacillus、Arthrobacter;并发现DHXJ05(Enterobacteriaceae)、DHXJ08(Bacillaceae)、DHXJ15(Erythrobacteraceae)、DHXJ16(Bacillaceae)和DHXJ17(Bacillaceae)能在含有铁红、铅丹、朱砂的环境中良好生长。【结论】为后期研究壁画颜料的变色机理及选择相应的细菌防治制剂提供了条件。 相似文献
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N. Rashevsky 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1961,23(4):405-411
The theory developed in previous papers and based on distribution curves of definite form is generalized to any form of unimodel
distributions. The time course of the change from one behavior to another is discussed and a general theorem about the time
course is established. 相似文献
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Studies on the Physiological Effect of Gibberellin II. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Structural colour and iridescence in plants: the poorly studied relations of pigment colour 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background
Colour is a consequence of the optical properties of an object and the visual system of the animal perceiving it. Colour is produced through chemical and structural means, but structural colour has been relatively poorly studied in plants.Scope
This Botanical Briefing describes the mechanisms by which structures can produce colour. In plants, as in animals, the most common mechanisms are multilayers and diffraction gratings. The functions of structural colour are then discussed. In animals, these colours act primarily as signals between members of the same species, although they can also play roles in camouflaging animals from their predators. In plants, multilayers are found predominantly in shade-plant leaves, suggesting a role either in photoprotection or in optimizing capture of photosynthetically active light. Diffraction gratings may be a surprisingly common feature of petals, and recent work has shown that they can be used by bees as cues to identify rewarding flowers.Conclusions
Structural colour may be surprisingly frequent in the plant kingdom, playing important roles alongside pigment colour. Much remains to be discovered about its distribution, development and function. 相似文献16.
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N. Rashevsky 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1956,18(4):323-336
In connection with previous studies (Rashevsky,Mathematical Biology of Social Behavior, chap. xii), a situation is investigated in which the two mutually exclusive possible behaviors of a society consist of the
desire to keep the present socioeconomical situation and the desire to change it inany way. The psychophysiological tendency ϕ towards either of the behaviors is considered to be proportional to the difference
between the actual incomei of the individual and his needsi′. Assuming that the distribution functionN
1(i′) of the needs is a given characteristic of the population, it is shown that the distribution functionN(ϕ) of ϕ in the society can be derived fromN
1(i′) and from the distributionN
2(i) of the incomesi. A particular case is worked out as an example. Conditions of stability of a socioeconomic structure are studied in their
dependence on the income distribution. 相似文献