蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

青枣核果木枝叶石油醚部位脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

青枣核果木枝叶经溶剂提取法与硅胶柱层析法分离得到石油醚部位脂溶性成分A和B,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术用对其化学成分进行分离、鉴定及分析。从提取物A中鉴定了16种化学成分,主要为:角鲨烯(72.51%)、三十三烷(3.08%)、二十四烷(2.06%)。从提取物B中鉴定了16种成分,主要为:角鲨烯(47.82%)、棕榈酸乙酯(11.69%)、硬脂酸乙酯(5.43%)、木焦油酸乙酯(3.17%)、棕榈酸甲酯(3.14%)。本研究首次对青枣核果枝叶石油醚段脂溶性成分进行分析,表明青枣核果木枝叶中含有大量的活性成分角鲨烯。     

蝴蝶果花、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果花、叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从花中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的96.90%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(59.89%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(13.82%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(6.58%)及双(2-乙基)邻苯二甲酸酯(5.59%)。从叶中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的45.26%,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(19.64%)、二丁基羟基甲苯(10.58%)、十六烷酸(3.70%)及苯甲酸(3.46%)。     

地胆草与白花地胆草脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析及抑菌活性研究

采用溶剂萃取法提取地胆草(Elephantopusscaber Linn.)和白花地胆草(Elephantopustomentosus Linn.)的脂溶性成分,经GC-MS分析,从地胆草中鉴定出44种化学成分,占总脂溶性成分的93.72%;从白花地胆草中鉴定出25种化学成分,占总脂溶性成分的82.08%。地胆草和白花地胆草在萜类成分含量具有显著性差异。通过滤纸片琼脂扩散法测试其抗菌活性,结果表明地胆草与白花地胆草的脂溶性成分对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制活性,且白花地胆草的抑菌活性强于地胆草。     

蝴蝶果根、果仁挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果的根和果仁中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从根中鉴定出23种化合物,占总油量的100%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(18.74%)、(Z,Z)9,12-十八碳二烯酸(12.81%)、1,2-苯二羧酸双(2-甲基丙基)酯(10.59%)、二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯(7.42%)及二十四烷(6.72%)。从果仁中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的100%,主要成分为(E-)-9-十八碳烯酸(23.15%)、正十六烷酸(21.20%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(19.26%)及3-甲基十七烷(6.80%)。     

青枣核果木枝叶乙酸乙酯段脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

采用溶剂提取法和硅胶柱层析法分离青枣核果木乙酸乙酯部位,得到脂溶性提取物I和II,并结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分鉴定与分析。从提取物I中鉴定出15种化学成分,主要为酯类化合物(61.54%);从提取物II中鉴定出32种成分,成分种类多,以萜类化合物最多(19.72%)。首次对青枣核果枝叶乙酸乙酯部位脂溶性成分研究,发现其含有重要的化学制品原料:如油酸乙酯与橙花叔醇,并含有丰富的重要活性物质—角鲨烯和信息素抗虫剂。     

榅桲的化学成分及其挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用常规水蒸气蒸馏法提取出榅桲挥发油,经气相色谱／质谱联用方法分析,分离鉴定出18种成分,主要成分有乙酸十二酯、环壬烷酸乙酯、14-十五碳烯酸、7,10,13-十二烷三烯酸甲酯、4．葵烯酸乙酯和5．甲基壬酸乙酯,并用化学方法分析了榅桲的化学成分。     

漾濞泡核桃青皮中脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术研究了漾濞泡核桃青皮脂溶性成分,并利用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对百分含量。确定了其中55个组分的化学结构,占总成分含量的95.91%。其中β-谷甾醇(18.68%)、4-乙基金刚烷酮(12.07%)、二十九烷(9.04%)、二十七烷(7.43%)、十六烷酸(7.45%)、十八碳二烯酸(4.60%)及α-生育酚(3.53%)是漾濞泡核桃青皮脂溶性成分中的主要组分。     

青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分的研究

采用毛细管气相-质谱法对青海省不同地区羌活脂溶性化学成分进行分析和鉴定,共分离出80余个成分,鉴定了60个,并用面积归一法确定其相对含量。结果表明,其化学成分以亚油酸、水菖蒲酮、十六烷酸及3,5-豆甾二烯为主,不同地区间羌活脂溶性化学成分种类和含量均有明显的差异。     

岷山毛建草挥发油化学成分分析

利用气相色谱 质谱联用技术对岷山毛建草的挥发油成分进行分析 ,共鉴定出 6 1种组分。其中主要成分为十六烷酸、十六烷酸乙酯、3 ,5 双烯 豆甾烷、N ,N 二苯基 [1,1 联苯 ] 4,4′肼、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、二十七烷、二十九烷、三十二烷、十八烷酸乙酯、二十二烷酸乙酯等 ,其中十六烷酸和十六烷酸乙酯的含量较高 ,占挥发油成分总量的 14 2 %。检出成分占挥发油成分的 6 3 3%。     

Composition of the triterpene alcohol fraction of horse chestnut seed

The triterpene alcohol fraction was isolated from the seed oil of horse chestnut; it amounted to 42.2% of the unsaponifiable matter, i.e. 0.93% of the oil. The components were identified as taraxerol, β-amyrin, butyrospermol, parkeol, 5α-tirucalla-8,23-dien-3β-ol, α-amyrin and 24-methylenecycloartenol. Butyrospermol and 5α-tirucalla-8,23- dien-3β-ol were the major components and amounted to 60% of the fraction. The latter has not been identified in any vegetable oils yet.     

Composition of the sterol fraction in horse chestnut

The Δ⁷-and Δ⁵-sterol fractions were isolated from the unsaponifiable matter of ripe, air dried, chestnut seed. The Δ⁷-sterol fraction amounted to 18.4% and the Δ⁵-sterol fraction amounted to 8.2% of the unsaponifiable matter. In the Δ⁷-sterol fraction three components were identified as Δ⁷-campesterol, α-spinasterol and Δ⁷-stigmastenol. One component was probably Δ^5,7-stigmastadienol and five components remained unidentified. Δ⁷-stigmastenol and α- spinasterol were the major components and amounted to 74.8% of the fraction. In the Δ⁵-sterol fraction at least ten components were found. Five of them were identified as cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and Δ⁴-stigmasten-3-one. Stigmasterol and sitosterol amounted to 73.6% of the fraction.     

Isolation and identification of the probing stimulants in the rice plant for the white-back planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (homoptera: delphacidae)

Adult females of the white-back planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, showed characteristic behavior of stylet sheath deposit on a parafilm membrane when fed on a 2% aqueous crude rice leaf and stem extract containing 15% sucrose. Subsequent bioassays revealed that the butanol-soluble fraction of the extract was highly active against the insects. When the butanol fraction was chromatographed on an ODS open column and eluted in sequence with a mixture of an increasing concentration of methanol in water, the 40 % methanol fraction was separated as the most active. A further bioassay of the HPLC components in the active fraction revealed that two major components (1 and 3) stimulated the high probing activity of the white-back planthopper only when they were combined. Of the active components, one component (3) was identified to be tricin 5-O-glucoside by spectroscopic analyses.     

Chemical polymorphism of the essential oils from populations of Thymus caespititius grown on the islands Pico,Faial and Graciosa (Azores)

The compositions of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of 11 populations of Thymus caespititius collected during the flowering phase on Pico, Faial and Graciosa (Azores) were studied by GC and GC-MS. The monoterpene fraction was dominant in all the oils analysed (55-90%) and consisted mainly of oxygen-containing compounds (44-79%). Sesquiterpenes represented an important fraction of the oils from the populations grown on Graciosa (13-28%). In contrast, this fraction was rather small in the oils from the populations grown on Pico and Faial (6-11%). Despite this, oxygen-containing compounds (4-18%) were always dominant. Cluster analysis of all identified oil components grouped the oils into three main clusters that corresponded with their main components. The oils from the 11 populations studied showed a clear chemical polymorphism that, in some cases, was more evident among populations growing on the same island than among those from different islands.     

Isolation and identification of acaricidal compounds in Inula japonica (Asteraceae)

We identified acaricidal compounds in Inula japonica Thunberg (Asteraceae) that were effective against carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). Petroleum-ether extracts from I. japonica were toxic to T. cinnabarinus, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 1.18 mg/ml. Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the acaricidal components. Seventeen of 38 fraction groups had mite mortality rates >50%, nine fraction groups had rates >60%, and three fraction groups had rates >80% at 2 mg/ml. The major volatile compounds in the bioactive fraction groups were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), lupeol (3), and alpha-amyrin (4) were identified and determined to have acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus in vitro.     

Chemical polymorphism of the essential oils from populations of Thymus caespititius grown on the island S. Jorge (Azores)

The compositions of the essential oils obtained from ten populations of Thymus caespititius grown on S. Jorge (Azores) were studied by GC and GC-MS. All the oils analysed were dominated by their monoterpene fraction (69-9%). The sesquiterpene fraction was rather small (4-17%) and consisted mainly of oxygen-containing compounds (3-13%). Enantiomeric ratio of sabinene and alpha-terpineol was investigated in the oils from some populations. (+)-Sabinene was detected with high enatiomeric purity (96 99%). Although ( +)-alpha terpineol was the predominant enantiomer, its purity varied considerably (66-97%). Cluster analysis of all identified components grouped the oils into four main clusters that corresponded with their major components: alpha-terpineol (43-68%), carvacrol (32-52%), thymol (44-58%) and sabinene (41%). The essential oil from Th. caespititius showed a clear chemical polymorphism, that was particularly evident among four populations growing along a 200 m distance at Pico Verde.     

Analysis of volatile constituents isolated by hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction from Adenostyles briquetii Gamisans

The volatile fraction of the whole plant and separated organs of Adenostyles briquetii Gamisans (syn. Cacalia briquetii; family Asteraceae), an endemic species from Corsica, has been studied by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), GC and GC-MS(EI and CI). A total of 141 components were identified, representing 93% of the entire amount. The volatile fraction was characterised by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (52.8%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.9%). The major components were germacrene D (18.5%), zingiberene (12.9%) and beta-oplopenone (10.8%). The influence of HS-SPME parameters on the extraction of family components is reported for the first time.     

Changing profiles of proteoglycans in the transition of predentine to dentine.

Proteoglycans and their constituent glycosaminoglycans have been proposed to play important roles in matrix mediated formation of mineralised tissues, such as dentine. This study has examined the changing profile of proteoglycan species during the transition of unmineralised predentine to mineralised dentine. Three-week-old calves teeth were collected and proteoglycans purified from the predentine, the predentine/dentine interface and dentine. Decorin and biglycan, together with related degradation products, were identified in the predentine fraction, alongside degradation products of versican, indicating metabolism of the proteoglycan components within this tissue. Decorin and biglycan were also identified as major proteoglycan species within extracts from the predentine/dentine interface and dentine. Analysis of the glycosaminoglycan constituents within each fraction demonstrated significant changes in their composition. Predentine contained a high proportion of dermatan sulfate (DS) (51.5%), with chondroitin sulfate (CS) (17.8%) and hyaluronan (HA) (30.7%) additionally identified. Within the predentine/dentine interface the proportion of CS increased greatly (62.5%), with corresponding decrease in the proportion of DS (21.4%) and HA (16.1%) also evident. CS only was identifiable within the dentine matrix. A four-fold increase in the level of sulfation was identified for glycosaminoglycans extracted from the predentine/dentine interface compared with the predentine and dentine fraction. The ratio of DeltaDi4S:DeltaDi6S was higher for glycosaminoglycans isolated from the predentine fraction. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from the dentine fraction possessed longer chain lengths than those present in the predentine and predentine/dentine fractions. The results indicate that the proteoglycans within each fraction undergo subtle structural modification, particularly at the onset of mineralisation, indicating an active involvement of these macromolecules in the overall mineralisation process.     

Separation and characterization of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by ADP-Fe2+ in rat liver microsomes.

1. Methods using t.l.c. and high-pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) have been used to separate the complex variety of substances possessing a carbonyl function that are produced during lipid peroxidation. 2. The major type of lipid peroxidation studied was the ADP-Fe2+-stimulated peroxidation of rat liver microsomal phospholipids. Preliminary separation of the polar and non-polar products was achieved by t.l.c.: further separation and identification of individual components was performed by h.p.l.c. Estimations were performed on microsomal pellets and the supernatant mixture after incubation of microsomes for 30 min at 37 degrees C. 3. The polar fraction was larger than the non-polar fraction when expressed as nmol of carbonyl groups/g of liver. In the non-polar supernatant fraction the major contributors were n-alkanals (31% of the total), alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (22%) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (37%) with the extraction method used. 4. Major individual contributors to the non-polar fraction were found to be propanal, 4-hydroxynonenal, hexanal and oct-2-enal. Other components identified include butanal, pent-2-enal, hex-2-enal, hept-2-enal, 4-hydroxyoctenal and 4-hydroxyundecenal. The polar carbonyl fraction was less complex than the non-polar fraction, although the identities of the individual components have not yet been established. 5. Since these carbonyl compounds do not react significantly in the thiobarbituric acid reaction, which largely demonstrates the presence of malonaldehyde, it is concluded that considerable amounts of biologically reactive carbonyl derivatives are released in lipid peroxidation and yet may not be picked up by the thiobarbituric acid reaction.     

The effect of preganglionic stimulation on the incorporation of l-[U-14C]valine into the protein of the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea pig

The acid glycosaminoglycans were extracted from the skins of young rats less than 1 day post partum. The isolated products were fractionated by a cetylpyridinium chloride-cellulose column technique and identified by chemical analysis, electrophoretic mobility and susceptibility to testicular hyaluronidase digestion. Hyaluronic acid (56%) dermatan sulphate (15.6%) and chondroitin 6-sulphate (9.1%) were the major components, but chondroitin 4-sulphate, heparan sulphate and heparin were also present, together with two further fractions tentatively suggested to be a heparan sulphate-like fraction and a dermatan sulphate fraction, both of short chain length or low degree of sulphation.