Chopra, V.L., and Prakash, S. (eds) Evolution and adaptation of cereal crops

This book covers the evolution and domestication of six importantcereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum and pearlmillet), and each chapter has been written by authors associatedwith major national or international research centres. The strengthof the book does lie, as stated by the editors, in bringingtogether information on the development and improvement of themajor crops into a single publication. However, not all chaptersare presented in the same detail, or with the same emphasis,and it is difficult to generalize across all the     

E. Lam,H. Fukuda & J. Greenberg (eds): Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants.

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) -     

P nucleotides in V(D)J recombination: a fine-structure analysis.

Antigen receptor genes acquire junctional inserts upon assembly from their component, germ line-encoded V, D, and J segments. Inserts are generally of random sequence, but a small number of V-D, D-J, or V-J junctions are exceptional. In such junctions, one or two added base pairs inversely repeat the sequence of the abutting germ line DNA. (For example, a gene segment ending AG might acquire an insert beginning with the residues CT upon joining). It has been proposed that the nonrandom residues, termed "P nucleotides," are a consequence of an obligatory end-modification step in V(D)J recombination. P insertion in normal, unselected V(D)J joining products, however, has not been rigorously established. Here, we use an experimentally manipulable system, isolated from immune selection of any kind, to examine the fine structure of V(D)J junctions formed in wild-type lymphoid cells. Our results, according to statistical tests, show the following, (i) The frequency of P insertion is influenced by the DNA sequence of the joined ends. (ii) P inserts may be longer than two residues in length. (iii) P inserts are associated with coding ends only. Additionally, a systematic survey of published P nucleotide data shows no evidence for variation in P insertion as a function of genetic locus and ontogeny. Together, these analyses establish the generality of the P nucleotide pattern within inserts but do not fully support previous conjectures as to their origin and centrality in the joining reaction.