邮票图说达尔文和他的昆虫情缘

今年是伟大的进化论创建者达尔文诞生200周年,本文通过邮票介绍达尔文的昆虫情缘。其中主要内容有:(1)有关纪念达尔文的邮票;(2)他青少年时代是个甲虫迷;(3)在南美和昆虫打交道;(4)昆虫成为进化论的重要元素;(5)他睿智预测马达加斯加存在长喙天蛾,足以为花冠长300mm的兰花授粉。     

齐白石的昆虫画和相关邮品欣赏

齐白石(1864～1957)生于湖南湘潭,是我国近代艺术大师,他擅长画花鸟鱼虫。他继承了中国传统绘画和民间艺术的精华,常以写意笔法画花卉,以工笔画昆虫,形成了独特的艺术风格。本文介绍邮票上的齐白石昆虫绘画。     

中国地质博物馆昆虫化石展览简介

古昆虫学（Palaeoentomolog）是以昆虫化石为研究对象,研究昆虫的起源、演化、物种多样性在地质历史中的变化,以及与古环境和其它生物类群相互作用、协同发展的科学。现生昆虫种类繁多,个体数量十分庞大,分布在世界上几乎所有的生态环境中,与人类及其动植物有着极为密切的关系。因此,昆虫学就成为生物学中一个非常重要的支柱学科。并且,昆虫因其形态各异,色彩斑斓,也是我国及世界文化生活中的一个重要组成部分,观赏昆虫已成为各类文化活动（如展览、收藏、邮票、绘画、文学作品、民间节日等）的主要题材和载体。可以说,人们对现…     

《中外蝴蝶邮票》

由集邮与蝴蝶爱好者寿建新先生与著名昆虫学家周尧教授合著的《中外蝴蝶邮票》一书,近日已由陕西科技出版社出版发行。这是他们继10年前编著的《世界蝴蝶邮票》一书之后,又一本系统介绍世界蝴蝶和蝴蝶邮票的书。该书第一次给450余种外国蝴蝶命以中名。其特点有二：一是文字流畅、优美,便于读者接受;二是蝴蝶的中名,凡已见《中国蝶类志》者,一一与之统一。《中国蝶类志》上没有的外国蝶种,根据中国科学院科学名词审查委员会历次公布的内容,重新加以修订,以减少混乱,为今后外国蝴蝶译名的统一做准备,这也是今后中国生物科学赶超国际水平的基础工作。 该书印刷精美,大32开本,370页,内有彩图32页,黑白图120页。书中收入中外蝴蝶邮票961枚,邮票中共有蝴蝶471种,逐一鉴定蝴蝶的中名、学名、分类地位,记述了它们的特征和分布。读者从中可以增长集邮的兴趣,获得关于蝴蝶的科学知识。书后附有世界各国发行蝴蝶邮票目录和蝴蝶的拉丁文学名及中名索引,定会博得集邮者与蝴蝶爱好者的钟爱。 该书定价29.5元,每册邮挂费3.50元,需购书者可直接汇款至本编辑部。地址：北京中关村路19号,中科院动物所《昆虫知识》编辑部,100080(请注明书名和详细地址)。 (本刊)     

欧洲兰花邮票一瞥

邮票作为邮资凭证于１８４０年由英国人希尔（ＲｏｗｌａｎｄＨｉｌｌ）发明并在英国发行至今已有１００多年的历史。在这方寸之间尽显大千世界的优美景象已成为邮票设计者所追求的目标。早期的邮票设计多以统治者形象或发行国的后形图章为图案,到１９世纪末才有图画出现在邮票上。随之而来,动物、植物花卉也吸引了更多的设计者。特别是近几十年来,兰花以其艳丽的花朵给邮票设计者带来了灵感,由此也使其经常出现在世界各国的邮票上。第一枚兰花邮票是１９３７年由中美洲国家哥斯达黎加为纪念该国举行的农业、工业和商业展览而发行的。其…     

邮票上的古生物化石

近来笔者喜欢收藏古生物化石,每逢节假日便外出采集化石。由于有了这个爱好的原故,便对邮票上的古生物化石产生了收藏兴趣。化石邮票作为专题性的收集,对收藏化石标本必定带来许多意想不到的收获,化石邮票的图案具有知识性、史料性和观赏娱乐性。我国邮电部于１９５８年４月１５日发行了一套志号为特双的“中国古生物”的邮票,全套三枚。邮票上的图案分别是“蒿里山三叶虫化石”,“禄丰恐龙化石”,“肿骨鹿化石”（见上图）。笔者最近收集了外国化石邮票,图案分别为“恐龙化石”、“鱼化石”、“鸵鸟化石”、“始祖鸟化石”、“蜘蛛…     

不要空白──呼唤中国恐龙邮票

不要空白──呼唤中国恐龙邮票近来，北京的第三届图书节可算红透了京城，笔者也不禁想去凑凑热闹，然而却是乘兴而去，郁郁而回。缘起是一个卖邮票的摊位。那里人头攒动，正争相购买，而其中最抢手的是外国恐龙邮票。众多邮品中外国恐龙邮票品种繁多，国别也有七、八个，...     

中国中生代昆虫化石研究新进展

回顾了1990年以来中国中生代昆虫化石研究的新进展,简述了我国学者在古昆虫分类学、昆虫内部形态学、昆虫系统学、古生态学、昆虫生物地层学、昆虫区系的历史演变、生物古地理学、昆虫与植物的关系等8个方面取得的突出贡献,并给出了我国发现的世界最低层位昆虫科级类群表。     

昆虫标本馆建设与昆虫系统学的未来

昆虫标本馆是昆虫标本的保藏、研究和科学教育的实体,代表国家或者区域水平,致力于研究昆虫多样性、揭示昆虫进化规律,为国民经济建设持续发展服务。昆虫系统学研究是昆虫标本馆研究人员的主要任务,它的发展与昆虫标本馆的建设唇齿相依。本文阐述了昆虫标本馆的功能与作用,建设昆虫标本馆的重要性和迫切性;展望了昆虫系统学的未来以及昆虫系统学发展的机遇。     

昆虫资源利用及其产业化进展

主要从食用昆虫、饲用昆虫、药用昆虫、工业原料昆虫、传粉昆虫、观赏娱乐昆虫、天敌昆虫、环保昆虫以及昆虫生物反应器和昆虫在仿生学上的应用等方面全面综述了昆虫资源的利用及其产业化进展.     

Fabrication of lab-on chip platforms by hot embossing and photo patterning

In this paper, we review the approaches developed in our laboratory to fabricate polymer-based microfluidic devices to suit a range of applications in bio- or chemical analysis. Thermoplastic materials such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are used to fabricate microfluidic devices via hot embossing. To emboss microchannels, we use hard stamps fabricated in silicon or soft stamps molded on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Hard stamps are fabricated on silicon wafers through photolithography and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Soft stamps are fabricated by casting PDMS prepolymer on silicon molds. To enclose the fluidic channels, direct fusion bonding was found to produce the highest bond strength with minimal structural deformation. One-step photolithographic methods have also been explored to produce via photochemical patterning microfluidic structures in photocurable materials. We use the photocurable capabilities of a PDMS copolymer, which incorporates a methacrylate crosslinker. Microfluidic channels are produced via one step-photopatterning processes by crosslinking the prepolymer mixture through a photomask. The smaller feature size attainable was 100 microm. Structures with higher spatial resolution are fabricated through a photoimprinting process whereby a mold is pressed against the precured mixture during UV crosslinking exposure. The application of the fabricated fluidic devices in electrophoretic ion analysis is also presented.     

邮票中的蘑菇属种类及其分布

截至2010年,通过对全世界范围蘑菇邮票的收集和统计得知,世界上76个国家和地区共发行了蘑菇属24个种计126枚邮票,从中大致了解世界范围上蘑菇属真菌的资源分布和栽培状况。     

Choice of a method for determining the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to silver

Different methods (methods of discs, of stamps and of minimal inhibitory concentration determination) aimed to determine the Escherichia coli sensitivity to the action of silver on the nutrient media are studied. It is shown possible to use the method of stamps for preliminary estimation under extensive tests. It is established that the data obtained by these methods correlate between themselves with a high degree of trustworthiness and do not correlate with those data obtained in the studies of the antimicrobic action of silver in water.     

Behavioural responses of dairy cattle to the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in an open field environment

Individual cows (25 in each of four herds) were monitored 8-10 times weekly for 12 weeks (stable fly season) on a southern California dairy, with 100 observations per cow. The numbers of biting stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) on the front legs and the frequencies of four fly-repelling behaviours per 2-min observation period [head throws, front leg stamps, skin twitches (panniculus reflex) and tail flicks] were recorded. Fly numbers varied, peaking at 3.0-3.5 flies per leg in week 9 (late May). Weekly herd mean frequencies of fly-repelling behaviours were highly dependent on fly numbers, with a linear regression r(2) > 0.8. Head throws and stamps were less frequent than skin twitches and tail flicks. Individual cows differed in numbers of stable flies and behaviours. Behaviours were correlated with flies for individual cows, but at a lower level than were herd means (r = 0.3-0.7). Cows that stamped more within a herd tended to have lower fly counts; other fly-repelling behaviours were less effective. Cows maintained ranks within a herd with regard to fly numbers (r = 0.47), head throws (0.48), leg stamps (0.64), skin twitches (0.69) and tail flicks (0.64). Older cows tended to harbour higher fly numbers and to stamp less relative to younger adult cows. Ratios of leg stamps and head throws to fly numbers dropped significantly through time, suggesting habituation to pain associated with fly biting. Tail flicks were not effective for repelling Stomoxys, but were easiest to quantify and may help in monitoring pest intensity. At this low-moderate fly pressure, no consistent impacts on milk yield were detected, but methods incorporating cow behaviour are recommended for future studies of economic impact.     

Micropatterned agarose gels for stamping arrays of proteins and gradients of proteins

We describe a method for repetitive and rapid formation of planar microarrays and gradients of proteins using patterned agarose stamps. It demonstrates: (i) micropatterning of agarose gels with feature sizes as small as 2 microm; (ii) inking of posts (diameter 50-1000 microm) on patterned agarose stamps with one or multiple (here, eight) proteins and repetitive stamping of patterns (>100 times in the case of one protein) and arrays (20 times in the case of eight proteins) without the need for intermediate re-inking; (iii) transferring spots of proteins with good homogeneity in surface coverage to glass slides; (iv) applying this technique to surface-based immunoassays; (v) stamping that requires only sub-nanomolar amounts of protein (typically approximately 3 microg in approximately 0.6 microL of solution); (vi) stamping without the need for drying of the proteins, as opposed to stamping with stamps made of poly(dimethylsiloxane); and (vii) patterning gradients of proteins by allowing two proteins to diffuse toward each other in an agarose stamp, followed by printing the protein gradients onto a surface.     

方寸天地 世纪履痕——纪念国际昆虫学大会100周年

首届国际昆虫学大会1910年召开至今,已经100年了,本文通过邮票,回眸大会的发起与大会早期的情景;1910年到2008年间23届大会的概况,其中两次世界大战使大会受挫;在战后和平环境中,才获得日趋兴旺的发展。文章详细介绍了会期发行的邮票、邮戳、明信片和首日封。     

蝴蝶文化趣谈

文章综述蝴蝶的名称、蝴蝶与诗词、故事、服饰、邮票、绘画、工艺品、婚配、音乐和节日10个文化领域有关的内容,揭示蝴蝶对人类文化生活的重要影响,以期使人们更好的理解保护蝴蝶多样性的重要性。     

Direct microcontact printing of oligonucleotides for biochip applications

Background  

A critical step in the fabrication of biochips is the controlled placement of probes molecules on solid surfaces. This is currently performed by sequential deposition of probes on a target surface with split or solid pins. In this article, we present a cost-effective procedure namely microcontact printing using stamps, for a parallel deposition of probes applicable for manufacturing biochips.     

Microcontact printing for precise control of nerve cell growth in culture

Microcontact printing, facilitated by silane linker chemistry and high-relief stamps, creates precise patterns of proteins, which in turn control growth of hippocampal neurons in culture. This additive, multi-mask technique permits several different molecules to be patterned on the same substrate. The covalent linker technology permits relatively long-term (two-week) compliance of neurons to the stamped pattern against a polyethylene glycol background. When polylysine was stamped adjacent to a laminin/polylysine mixture, neural somata and dendrites preferred the polylysine while axons prefer the mixture or the border between the two.