北极巴罗地区2种灌木植物及其花粉形态

观察了北极巴罗(Barrow)地区2种灌木植物,全缘叶仙女木(Dryas integrifolia M.Vahl)和圆叶柳(Salix rotundifolia Trautv.)的形态、生境以及它们的花粉形态.这2种植物形态矮小或匍匐蔓生;全缘叶仙女木叶短小似披针状或扁平,全缘;圆叶柳叶圆形,叶脉显著,根、茎、叶均含丰富Vc.它们的花粉形态为球形、近球形或长球形,其萌发孔均为三孔沟或拟三孔沟,花粉均为辐射对称.全缘叶仙女木花粉外壁纹饰在光学显微镜下(LM)为细网状纹饰,在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下为条纹状纹饰;圆叶柳在LM和SEM下均为细网状纹饰.通过与中国产和日本产相似种的比较研究,显示它们应是温带亚洲高山起源及部分起源于北极本部.     

北极巴罗地区300年以来的孢粉记录及其气候变化

根据北极巴罗地区Elson泻湖300年以来的孢粉记录,揭示出小冰期以来的该地区植被的生态变化和气候变化,相对温暖期分别出现在公元1720年、1800年、1922年、1953年和1992年以后,结果和其他研究成果是比较一致的。孢粉总浓度的变化和生态变化相对应,孢粉总浓度可以作为北极巴罗地区温度变化替代性指标。温度升降是北极地区植被覆盖率变化的主要原因。20世纪人类已经对北极地区植被产生重要影响。     

安徽母草属植物花粉形态特征的研究

利用光镜和扫描电子显微镜首次对安徽母草属(Lindernia)六种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究.结果表明该属花粉粒多为近球形, 具3 沟, 表面光滑.探讨了花粉形态特征的分类学意义,支持属级水平的分类.     

A Study of Pollen Morphology of Sparganium from China

Pollen morphology of 8 species in genus Sparganium from China has been studied. All of them were examined under the light microscope and SEM. It may draw the following conclusions: The characteristics of pollen grains in genus Sparganium are very similar. They are spheroidal, subspheroidal or sometimes slightly angular in shape, 21.8–38.3μm in diameter, monoporate. Porus is slightly sunken, its margin distinct or indistinct, and some granules on the porus membrane. The thickness of exine is 1.7–2.6μ m. The sexine is about as thick as nexine, sometimes thinner than nexine. It is difficult to distinguish one another under the light microscope, but may be seperated under SEM on the basis of the shape or size of lumina and width or height of muff. In some species small excrescenses can be observed under SEM. Some taxonomists (Rendle, 1953) considered that Sparganium is closely related to Pandanus, but others (Hutchison 1934, Takhtajan 1969) to Typha. According to the data of pollen morphology, Sparganium is more close to Typhaceae than to Pandanaceae, thus we agree to put it into family Typhaceae.     

新疆石竹属8种植物的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜对8种石竹属（Dianthus）植物的花粉形态进行了观察。结果表明:本属植物花粉为单粒花粉,圆球形,大小为30.5~44.0 μm,具多个萌发孔,孔数为12~16个,分散,孔圆形,孔径4.1~7.0 μm,具孔膜,孔膜上着生有若干棵小刺,花粉外壁具刺状和穴状纹饰,表面有或无穿孔。研究表明：花粉大小、表面纹饰、特别是萌发孔的形态特征存在较明显差异。可为石竹属植物的分类及野生资源利用等相关研究提供了可靠的孢粉学参考。     

两种山羊豆属植物花粉形态与花粉母细胞减数分裂行为观察

采用扫描电镜与1%醋酸洋红压片的方法,观察山羊豆属两种植物的花粉形态及花粉母细胞减数分裂行为,从而为山羊豆属的遗传学及分类学提供依据。两种山羊豆属植物立体形状为近球形或扁球形,均具三孔沟,穴—网状纹饰,极面观为近三角形,赤道面观为圆形。东方山羊豆的大小为:赤道轴×极轴=14.3（13.5～15.0）×12.6（12.1～13.7）μm,山羊豆的大小为：赤道轴×极轴=13.7（12.3～14.8）×12.4（10.6～13.0）μm.花粉母细胞减数分裂为同时型胞质分裂,终变期染色体构型为8Ⅱ,没有出现落后染色体及微核现象。小孢子四分体为四面体型。减数分裂过程有一定规律,与花蕾大小,颜色有密切关系。减数分裂进程存在一定差异,同一个花蕾中的不同花药花粉母细胞分裂速度基本相同,所处的时期及观察的分裂相一致,在同一个花药中的不同花粉母细胞中,可见各种不同时期的细胞。     

中国15种变豆菜属植物的花粉形态及系统学分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对变豆菜属15种植物的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,变豆菜属15种植物的花粉大小为（28.51~54.29） μm~（12.23~28.98） μm,极轴与赤道轴比值（Polar axis/Equatorial axis）为1.48~2.46,具三孔沟。花粉粒赤道面观有近矩形、赤道收缩形、长椭圆形等类型,其中近矩形和赤道收缩形占多数;极面观为圆形或三角圆形。在扫描电镜下,其外壁表面纹饰为网状。我们研究结果支持在伞形科变豆菜亚科中,变豆菜属植物的花粉具有中等进化、比较进化的形态特征,花粉形态可为个别物种的分类处理提供孢粉学证据。     

Pollen Morphology of Chinese Datura and Its Taxonomic Significance

The pollen grains of 11 taxa of Chinese Datura were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. All of them are 3(-4)-colporate. The exine ornamentation is so distinct as to allow the identification of individual sections and species, and may be divided into three types. The division is consistent with the taxonomy based on gross morphology i.e. rugulato-reticulate (Sect. Stramonium); striate or striato-reticulate, with some granules on the surface of the lirae, or scabrous (Sect. Dutra); striate with some rings on the surface of the lirae, looking like silkworm (Sect. Brugmansia). The varieties or cultivated forms are not sufficiently distinct from each other in the pollen grains as observed in this investigation.     

Studies on the Pollen Morphology of Family Salicaceae in Gansu

Pullen grains of 2 genera 31 species of the family Salicaceae ia Gansu have been investigated. The comparative studies of the pollen grains were carried out by means of seanning electron microscope and light microscope. The two genera (Popu- lus L. and Salix L.) can be distinguished by their pollen characters such as the shape of pollen, type of aper ure, ornamentation of exine etc. 1. Shape of pollen grains 1) Spherical (rounded) : Populus L., 2) Ellipoidal, (subrotund): Salix L. 2. Type .of aperture 1) Atreme: Populus L., 2) 3-colpate, 3-colporoidate or 3-syncolpate: Salix L. 3. Ornamentation of exine 1 ) Cavernulous: Populus L., 2) Tubercular: Populus L., 3) Spinulate: Salix L., 4) Rugulose: Populus L. and Salix L., 5) Finely-reticulate: Populus L., 6) Reticulate: Salix L., 7) Crass-reticulate: Salix L., 8) Rugulose-Spinulate-Cavernulous: Salix L., 9) Rugulose-Reticulate: Salix L. Basing upon the above pollen characters, the genera Populus L. and Salix L. are con- sidered two good and natural taxa, and the genus Populus L. is more primitive than the genus Salix L.     

中国西南地区当归属植物花粉形态及其系统进化分析

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了分布于中国西南地区的当归属(Angelica L.)16种植物的花粉形态,其中有7种植物的花粉形态为首次报道。研究结果表明当归属植物花粉粒较大,分化明显,包含了伞形科花粉的原始、中等进化和进化的类型,其形态以菱形、椭圆形、近长方形、赤道收缩形为主,萌发孔为角孔或边孔,从花粉的这种多类型证明该地区的当归属植物既起源古老同时又在不断分化着。从孢粉学角度初步分析了当归属的属下系统,为该属植物种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供依据。     

国产狗娃花属植物的花粉形态研究

利用光镜,扫描电镜对狗娃花属（Heteropappus)7种植物的花粉形态和结构进行了观察研究。发现该属植物花粉粒为近球形或长球形,3孔沟,具刺状纹饰,种间花粉差异主要表现在大小,形状和外壁纹饰细微变化等方面,该属花粉与紫菀属（Aster)和乳菀属（Ca-latella)的相似。表明它们有密切的亲缘关系。     

A Study on the Pollen Morphology in Trochodendron,Tetracentron and Euptelea

Trochodendron, Tetracentron and Euptelea are considered as a small group of the primitive angiosperms. They are endemic to or mainly distributed in China. Their systematic position has long been debated. The purpose of the present work is to present palynological data both for systematic discussion and for the identification of fossil pollen. The three genera share a number of pollen characters, for example, being spheroid in shape, exine surface distinctly reticulate and lumina rather small and irregular in shape, etc. They are, however, obviously different in other respects of pollen morphology. The pollen grains of Euptelea are the largest of three (c. 30 μm in diameter), those of Tetracentron, the smallest (c. 15) and those of Trochodendron, intermediate (c. 20), 3-colpate in Trochodendron and Tetracentron, and those in Euptelea are 3-celpate but with transitional apertures in one species and 6-rugate, not 3-colpate, in the other. The ruga membranes are coarsely granular (rod-shaped elements under SEM). The lumina are the smallest in Euptelea. Muri in Tetracentron are distinctly striate. Thus, the establishment of three separate families is supported by pollen morphology. Since the pollen grains of Trochodendron and Tetracentron are 3-colpate and those of Magnoliaceae are 1-sulcate, it seems unreasonable to refer them to Magnoliaceae (or Magnoliales). If the rugae of pollen grains in Euptelea further shortened and their number increased, they would resemble those of Hamamelidaceae (such as Sycopsis). Pollen morphology, therefore, suggests that Euptelea is related to Hamamelidales, and supports Cronquist’s viewpoint. Hutchinson (1969) includes both Trochodendron and Euptelea in the same family (Trochodendraceae). However, these two genera are rather distinct in morphology and structure, the presence or absence of vessels and chromosome number, etc. Pollen morphology of two genera also disagrees with the Hutchinson’s viewpoint.     

Pollen Morphology of Plants from the Hengduan Mountains and Their Ecological Significance

Pollen morphology of selected taxa from the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China are investigated in the present study. Forty eight taxa (flowering in the summer, 46 species and 2 varieties) of 43 genera belonging to 27 families were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphology is described in detail. Two pollen shapes are mainly found in these species: subprolate to prolate (271%) and prolate (25%). Spheroidal, subspheroidal to subprolate, suboblate and tetrad shapes can also be found in some species. Aperture type is mostly tricolporate, with a percentage of 438, and also contains tricolpate, pantoporate, stephanocolpate, 3 colporoid, 6 colpate, monocolpate. The most common ornamentation is finely reticulate, with a percentage of 50. Other exine ornamentations, such as coarsely reticulate, finely granulate, smooth, spinulose are also observed. The palynological documentation of these species will provide the modern palynological basis for paleopalynological studies of the Quaternary Strata. On the basis of pollen morphology characters, identification features of some species in the same families were discussed according to the results of cluster analysis used by SPSS. The ecological significance was also discussed based on the ecological properties of these taxa.     

黄土高原蒿属植物花粉形态研究

运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察了黄土高原32种蒿属植物的花粉形态,结果表明蒿属植物花粉形态具有高度一致性,支持传统的属级分类。根据花粉外壁纹饰,可将其分为5种类型。Ⅰ型:小刺密集,刺基部膨大,覆盖层有细小颗粒。Ⅱ型:小刺密集,刺基具显著膨大,几乎密集相连。Ⅲ型:小刺密集,刺基明显膨大状,覆盖层光滑。Ⅳ型:稀疏小刺,覆盖层光滑;轮廓线较光滑或微刺状。Ⅴ型:稀疏微刺,覆盖层有小颗粒;轮廓线较光滑,萌发沟细长,孔扁长。蒿属植物不同种花粉的大小、形状、萌发孔类型、外壁纹饰及边缘形态等方面均表现出一定的特异性,对蒿属植物种间鉴定分类及古植物孢粉鉴别均有一定的参考价值。     

太行菊属植物花粉形态研究

以采自河北、河南、山西太行菊属2种植物17个种群的花粉为实验材料,利用扫描电镜对其形态进行系统观察和比较,并进行聚类分析,探讨太行菊属植物的演化进程路线.结果显示:(1)太行菊属花粉为单粒花粉,球形或近球形,极面观三裂圆形,具3孔沟.(2)扫描电子显微镜下花粉外壁纹饰以刺-颗粒状复合纹饰为主,刺基部膨大,体积较小属小型...     

部分中国传统月季花粉形态研究

利用扫描电镜观察了15个中国传统月季品种的花粉形态。结果表明:传统月季花粉为单粒花粉,呈长球形或超长球形（P/E为1.92～2.25）,大小为37.59～51.95 μm×17.02～25.33 μm。赤道面观椭圆形或长矩形,极面观三裂圆形,具三孔沟,沿极轴方向等间距环状分布。外壁纹饰条纹型,覆盖层具穿孔,在品种间具有相似性,但变异丰富,划分为4种类型。聚类分析结果表明,花粉大小和外壁纹饰特征在反映传统月季品种的类别上与形态分类基本一致。根据花粉形态演变规律可推断,样品中‘四面镜’可能为最原始的品种类型,‘月月粉’、‘月月红’及‘匍匐红’等品种较为进化。     

12种十字花科植物花粉形态研究

采用扫描电子显微镜对十字花科8属12种植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察分析.其中8种为首次报道.观察结果表明:4族8属12种十字花科植物花粉形态的一般特征为:花粉粒长球形至超长球形;极面观三裂圆形,少数四裂圆形;外壁纹饰为网状或细网状纹饰;三沟,偶四沟.12种植物的花粉可划分为5种类型:(1)花粉粒长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(2)花粉粒超长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(3)花粉粒长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(4)花粉粒超长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(5)花粉粒长球形,三或四沟,网状纹饰.十字花科花粉形态特征在不同族间、不同属间以及同属不同种间均没有明显规律,在十字花科分类过程中,不宜单独以花粉形态特征作为依据.     

山东菊科莴苣亚族植物花粉形态研究

应用光镜和扫描电镜对山东菊科莴苣亚族11属18种、1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究。结果表明:莴苣亚族植物的花粉呈球形,具3~4沟孔,花粉表面具有网状纹饰,粗网眼15~21个,网脊上具1行刺,属于蒲公英(Taraxacum)型,与已报道的莴苣亚族其它属种的花粉形态相一致。通过莴苣亚族属间花粉形态的比较,认为花粉形态在属间分类上意义不大。     

琼榄小孢子发生、雄配子体发育及花粉粒形态

利用光学显微技术和电镜扫描技术研究了琼榄的小孢子发生、雄配子体发育和花粉粒形态以增加广义心翼果科的胚胎学和孢粉学资料。主要结果如下：（1）花药四孢囊;（2）花药壁四层,从外到内分别为表皮、具纤维性加厚的药室内壁、退化早的中层和细胞具2~4核的分泌型绒毡层;（3）小孢子母细胞胞质分裂同时型,形成四面体型排列的小孢子四分体;（4）成熟花粉粒为二细胞型;（5）花粉粒具3个隐形萌发孔,外壁为网状纹饰。琼榄与心翼果属的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育特征非常相似,稍有不同。琼榄的花粉粒形态特征与同属其它种基本相同。     

The Pollen Morphology and Exine Ultrastructure of Paeonia L in China

The pollen morphology of 9 species of Paeonia L. has been investigated with both light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the exine structure of pollen grains of Paeonia suffruticosa and P. lactiflora was examined by transmission electron microscope. Tricolporoidate aperture is an important character of the pollen grains of the Paeonia. The surface of the exine is characterized by reticulate, foveolate and irregularly tuberculate-foveolate sculpture under the SEM. Thin sections of the pollen of this genus shows that the layers of exine are complete i.e. a perforate rectum to semitectum, columellae and foot layers. The endexine is continuous, considerably thickened in the aperture areas and relatively thin or indistinct in the mesocolpia. Paeonia has been placed in Ranunculaceae. But since the beginning of this century many authors have suggested to separating Paeonia from Ranunculaceae. Pollen marphology supports such separation. In Ranunculaceae most pollen grains are tricolpate or have other types of aperture, and exine with spinules and perforations between them. In electron microscopy, the ektexine contains a foot layer, columellae, and perforate rectum, the columellar layer with two types of columellae; the endexine is generally thin. However, the columellar layer of Paeonia has only monomorphic columellae. Some authors considered that there is a close relationship between Paeonia and the Dilleniaceae, but these also differ in the characters of the pollen grains. In Paeonia the constriction of the colpus in equator is in some degree similar to that of Theaceae (Camellia sasanqua Thunb.), Guttiferae (Hypericum L.), Actinidiaceae and Rosaceae. But in the other respects they are quite different. In sum, the pollen morphology of Paeonia is unique. So the palynological information supports Takhtajan's view that Paeonia should be elevated to a family (Paeoniaceae) or order (Paeoniales).