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1.
Sand dwelling Turbellaria from the Netherlands Delta area 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sand dwelling Turbellaria from the Delta of the Rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt have been investigated. Thirty-eight samples taken from littoral and sublittoral stations in the Grevelingen, Eastern and Western Scheldt have been analysed.Thirty-three species were recorded (Acoela were not considered); twenty-four of them are new for the area and seven new species are described.Density and diversity of Turbellaria were higher in the Eastern Scheldt than in the Western Scheldt or in the Lake Grevelingen. A maximum density of 82 ind./100 cm3 was noted. A tentative calculation on relative abundance of the representatives of the different Turbellaria orders is established. Proseriata seem to be dominant in the localities studied.Abbreviations acg :
accessory glands
- aco :
accessory organ
- ad :
atrial diverticle
- b :
bursa
- br :
brain
- cil :
cilia
- cm :
circular muscle
- cn :
cnidosac
- co :
copulatory organ
- cs :
cuticular spines
- css :
cuticular stylet sheat
- de :
ejaculatory duct
- di :
ductus intervesicularis
- ds :
seminal duct
- dsp :
spermatic duct
- en :
enteron
- fd :
female duct
- fp :
femal pore
- ga :
genital atrium
- gf :
glands in female duct
- gg :
glands
- gp :
genital pore
- hp :
adhesive papillae
- ivs :
intra capsular seminal vesicle
- lm :
longitudinal muscle
- m :
mouth
- mp :
male pore
- ov :
ovary
- p :
proboscis
- pg :
proboscisglands
- ph :
pharynx
- phg :
pharyngial glands
- r :
retractor muscle
- rh :
rhabdites
- rhg :
rhabdite glands
- rs :
seminal receptacle
- s :
stylet
- sta :
statocyst
- ut :
uterus
- t :
testis
- v :
vagina
- vg :
prostate vesicle
- vi :
vitellary
- vs :
seminal vesicle 相似文献
2.
The elongation of arachidoyl-CoA (20:0-CoA) yielded 22:0 and 24:0 concomitantly, whereas the elongation of behenoyl-CoA (22:0-CoA) yielded only a negligible amount of 24:0 in adult swine cerebral microsomes. The dependence on time, pH, and the substrate concentrations were examined for the synthesis of 22:0 and 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. A microcomputer-aided simulation study suggested that there were two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0. The elongation of 22:0-CoA could not be observed in adult swine cerebral microsomes; however, it was observed clearly in newborn swine and rat brain microsomes. A dilution experiment with the addition of cold 22:0-CoA in the reaction of elongation of 20:0-CoA confirmed the above suggestion that no intermediate 22:0 appeared during the synthesis of 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. The elongation of endogenous 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 was examined in newborn swine cerebral microsomes, and the presence of two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 similar to those involved in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0 was suggested. 相似文献
3.
Yai LE Cañon-Franco WA Geraldi VC Summa ME Camargo MC Dubey JP Gennari SM 《The Journal of parasitology》2003,89(4):870-871
Antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 396 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (IFAT, approximately 1:25) to N. caninum were found in 84 opossums (D. marsupialis) in titers of 1:25 in 46, 1:50 in 20, 1:100 in 17, and 1:400 in 1. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the IFAT. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT, approximately 1:25) were found in 82 (20.4%) of the 396 opossums, in titers of 1:25 in 24, 1:50 in 26, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 13, and 1:800 in 1. The IFAT antibodies to T. gondii were found in 148 of 396 opossums, in titers of 1:16 in 41, 1:32 in 23, 1:64 in 13, 1:128 in 6, 1:256 in 20, 1:512 in 17, 1:1,024 in 10, 1:2,048 in 10, 1:4,096 in 7, and 1:8,192 in 1. This is the first report of N. caninum and T. gondii infections in D. marsupialis. 相似文献
4.
5.
I A Vasil'eva V Ia Brodski? D S Sarkisov N V Panova 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1991,111(6):652-653
Lack of proportionality between DNA and protein content has been revealed in the human cardiac myocytes. The proportion 2:4:8:16 was observed in DNA of di-, tetra-, octa- and hexadeca myocytes while the protein content of the same cells was 2:3.5:5.2:7.2 in the inner layer, 2:3.5:6.5:8.9 in the central layer and 2:3.1:5.6:9.1 in the outer layer of the normal left ventricle. The protein content of myocytes of the same ploidy was higher in the inner layer than in other ones. 相似文献
6.
Substrate preference in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis for docosahexaenoic acid containing species 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Neuronal membranes contain high levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). In this study, substrate preference in PS synthesis was determined to gain insight on the biochemical basis for concentrating PS in neuronal membranes where 22:6n-3 is highly enriched. We first established an in vitro assay method using unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of deuterium-labeled substrates and reversed-phase HPLC/electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The PS production by the incubation of deuterium-labeled substrate and microsomal fractions was monitored. We found that tissue-specific substrate preference exists in PS synthesis. Microsomes from the cerebral cortex synthesized PS from 18:0,22:6-PC most favorably among the PC substrates tested, followed by 18:0,22:5-PC, resulting in the PC substrate preference in the order of 18:0,22:6 > 18:0,22:5 > 18:0,20:4 = 18:0,18:1. Liver microsomes also preferred 18:0,22:6-PC as the substrate in PS synthesis but did not use 18:0,22:5-PC favorably. The 18:0,22:5-PC species was converted to PS at the similar extent as 18:0,20:4- or 18:0,18:1-PC species in the liver. Both brain and liver microsomes showed a preference for 18:0 over 16:0 as the sn-1 fatty acid. From these data it was deduced that preferential conversion of 18:0,22:6-PC to the corresponding PS species is at least partly responsible for concentrating PS in neuronal tissues where 22:6n-3 is particularly abundant. The distinctive preference for 18:0,22:5-PS observed with brain microsomes may help to maintain PS at a high level in the brain when 22:6n-3 is replaced by 22:5n-3 as in the case of n-3 fatty acid deficiency. 相似文献
7.
Cavalcante GT Aguiar DM Chiebao D Dubey JP Ruiz VL Dias RA Camargo LM Labruna MB Gennari SM 《The Journal of parasitology》2006,92(4):863-864
Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 63 cats and 80 pigs from 71 farms located at Rond?nia State, Western Amazon, Brazil, by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (MAT > or = 1: 25) were found in 55 of 63 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 2, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 1, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 9, 1:1,600 in 6, and 1:3,200 or higher in 26 cats. By IFAT, antibodies were found in 55 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 1, 1:100 in 4, 1:200 in 4, 1: 400 in 1, 1:800 in 13, 1:1,600 in 12, and 1:3,200 or higher in 18 cats. In pig sera, by MAT, antibodies were found in 30 of 80 pigs (37.5%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 3, 1:100 in 2, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 3, 1:800 in 5, 1:1,600 in 3, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4 pigs. By using the IFAT (titers > or = 1:64), antibodies were found in 35 (43.7%) pigs. The ingestion of undercooked tissues of infected pigs can be a source of T. gondii infection for humans and cats. However, the high seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats from the Amazon seems most likely to be indicative of high contamination of the environment by oocysts. 相似文献
8.
The linear growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium caeruleum and Phoma foveata in culture was reduced in the presence of vapour from any of the three isomers of tetrachloronitrobenzene. The isomers were fungistatic but not fungicidal.
Differences in activity were observed amongst the isomers. The 2:3:4:6 isomer was the most active against all three test fungi. 2:3:5:6-TCNB (tecnazene) was more active than 2:3:4:5-TCNB against Botrytis cinerea , but less active against Fusarium caeruleum and Phoma foveata . Two strains of Fusarium caeruleum resistant to the 2:3:5:6 isomer were not resistant to the other two isomers, although they were more resistant than their 2:3:5:6-TCNB sensitive parent strains.
Sporulation and sclerotial production by Botrytis cinerea were completely suppressed by 2:3:5:6-TCNB and 2:3:4:6-TCNB but not by the 2:3:4:5: isomer. 相似文献
Differences in activity were observed amongst the isomers. The 2:3:4:6 isomer was the most active against all three test fungi. 2:3:5:6-TCNB (tecnazene) was more active than 2:3:4:5-TCNB against Botrytis cinerea , but less active against Fusarium caeruleum and Phoma foveata . Two strains of Fusarium caeruleum resistant to the 2:3:5:6 isomer were not resistant to the other two isomers, although they were more resistant than their 2:3:5:6-TCNB sensitive parent strains.
Sporulation and sclerotial production by Botrytis cinerea were completely suppressed by 2:3:5:6-TCNB and 2:3:4:6-TCNB but not by the 2:3:4:5: isomer. 相似文献
9.
A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The economically important plum or cherry genus (PRUNUS:) and the subfamily Amygdaloideae of the Rosaceae have a controversial taxonomic history due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic analysis using the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was conducted to construct the evolutionary history and evaluate the historical classifications of PRUNUS: and the Amygdaloideae. The analyses suggest two major groups within the Amygdaloideae: (1) PRUNUS: s.l. (sensu lato) and MADDENIA:, and (2) EXOCHORDA:, Oemleria, and PRINSEPIA: The ITS phylogeny supports the recent treatment of including EXOCHORDA: (formerly in the Spiraeoideae) in the Amygdaloideae. MADDENIA: is found to be nested within PRUNUS: s.l. in the parsimony and distance analyses, but basal to PRUNUS: s.l. in the maximum likelihood analysis. Within PRUNUS:, two major groups are recognizable: (1) the AMYGDALUS:-PRUNUS: group, and (2) the CERASUS:-LAUROCERASUS:-PADUS: group. The clades in the ITS phylogeny are not congruent with most subgeneric groups in the widely used classification of PRUNUS: by Rehder. A broadly defined PRUNUS: is supported. 相似文献
10.
Xyloglucan structure and post-germinative metabolism in seeds of Copaifera langsdorfii from savanna and forest populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marcos S. Buckeridge Dalva C. Rocha J. S. Grant Reid Sonia M. C. Dietrich 《Physiologia plantarum》1992,86(1):145-151
The cotyledons of Copaifera langsdorfii Desf, have been shown to contain a water-soluble xyloglucan (amyloid), which represents about 40% of the seed's dry weight. On acid hydrolysis its composition (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:2.8–2.9:1.5–1.7) was similar to that of the well-characterized xyloglucan of Tamarindus indica L. (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:3.0–3.1:1.4). On hydrolysis with pure Trichoderma viride cellulase, both C. langsdorfii and T. indica xyloglucan gave the same xyloglucan oligosaccharides: but in significantly different proportions A:B1 :B2 :C = 1:0.4–0.5:2.1–2.2:3.1–3.4 in T. indica , and 1:1.1:1.8:7.4 and 1:1.3:2.6:12 for C. langsdorfii , savanna and forest populations respectively. This demonstrated a difference in fine molecular structure, notably in the distribution of the terminal non-reducing galactose substituents, between the xyloglucans of the two species and indicated differences in the specificities of their biosynthetic mechanisms. The xyloglucans obtained from C. langsdorfii seeds harvested from savanna and forest environments were slightly different, one from the other, in their sugar-residue composition (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:2.9:1.5 and 4.0:2.8:1.7, respectively), and were significantly different in the relative proportions of the xyloglucan oligosaccharides released on cellulase hydrolysis (above). Using light microscopy and biochemical methods, no difference in the pattern or rate of postgerminative xyloglucan metabolism was detected in seeds of savanna and forest origin. This is the first clear experimental evidence for differences in a storage xyloglucan structure between populations of the same species. It may indicate environmental influences on xyloglucan biosynthesis. 相似文献
11.
The putative pea PINOID homolog, PsPK2, is expressed in all growing plant parts and is positively regulated by auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Here, we studied hormonal regulation of PsPK2::GUS expression compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis. PsPK2::GUS, DR5::GUS, and PID::GUS expression in Arabidopsis shoots is mainly localized in the stipules, hydathodes, veins, developing leaves, and cotyledons. Unlike DR5::GUS, PsPK2::GUS, and PID::GUS are weakly expressed in root tips. Both DR5::GUS and PsPK2::GUS are induced by different auxins and are more sensitive to methyl indole acetic acid, 4-chloro-indole acetic acid, and α-naphthalene acetic acid than others. GA(3) has no significant effect on GUS activity in DR5::GUS-transformed seedlings compared to the control, but induction by auxin and gibberellin in combination is synergistic. Cytokinin increases auxin transport in Arabidopsis seedlings. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin all increase GUS activity in shoots of PsPK2::GUS transformed plants compared to the control. However, only auxin and gibberellin increase GUS activity in PID::GUS shoots. In conclusion, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin positively regulate PsPK2 expression in shoots, but not in roots. Auxin and gibberellin also upregulate AtPIN1 and LEAFY expression, which is similar to PsPIN1 and Uni in pea. With minor exceptions, the orthologous genes from both species are regulated similarly. 相似文献
12.
Ramirez-Gonzalez RH Bonnal R Caccamo M Maclean D 《Source code for biology and medicine》2012,7(1):6-6
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The SAMtools utilities comprise a very useful and widely used suite of software for manipulating files and alignments in the SAM and BAM format, used in a wide range of genetic analyses. The SAMtools utilities are implemented in C and provide an API for programmatic access, to help make this functionality available to programmers wishing to develop in the high level Ruby language we have developed bio-samtools, a Ruby binding to the SAMtools library. RESULTS: The utility of SAMtools is encapsulated in 3 main classes, Bio::DB::Sam, representing the alignment files and providing access to the data in them, Bio::DB::Alignment, representing the individual read alignments inside the files and Bio::DB::Pileup, representing the summarised nucleotides of reads over a single point in the nucleotide sequence to which the reads are aligned. CONCLUSIONS: bio-samtools is a flexible and easy to use interface that programmers of many levels of experience can use to access the information in the popular and common SAM/BAM format. 相似文献
13.
Substrate specificity of human plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase towards molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in native plasma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The specificity of human plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase for molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied by determining the molecular species composition of whole plasma before and after incubation at 37 degrees C. Since the disappearance of PC under the conditions employed is entirely due to the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, its specificity can be determined from the decrease in the concentration of each species after the reaction. The selectivity factor for each species was calculated by dividing its observed contribution by its concentration at zero time. The major species contributing to cholesterol esterification in whole plasma were 16:0-18:2 (46%), 18:0-18:2 (16%), 16:0-18:1 (15%), 16:0-20:4 (10%), 18:0-20:4 (5%) and 18:1-18:2 (5%). The specificity, as determined from the selectivity factors for whole plasma, was in the order: 16:0-18:2 greater than 18:1-18:2 greater than 16:0-18:1 greater than 18:0-18:2 greater than 16:0-22:6 greater than 18:0-20:4 greater than 16:0-20:4. The high-density lipoproteins (HDL) contained a significantly higher percentage of 16:0-20:4 and 18:0-20:4 and a lower percentage of 16:0-18:1 and 18:0-18:1 compared to the very-low and low-density lipoproteins. These differences disappeared after incubation of the plasma for 24 h. Using selectivity factors for HDL PCs only, the specificity of the enzyme was found to be in the order: 16:0-18:2 greater than 18:1-18:2 greater than 18:1-18:1 greater than 16:0-22:6 greater than 18:0-18:2 greater than 16:0-18:1 greater than 16:0-20:4. These results indicate that in native plasma, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase prefers 16:0 greater than 18:1 greater than 18:0 at the 1-position and 18:2 greater than 18:1 greater than 22:6 greater than 20:4 at the 2-position of PC. 相似文献
14.
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan attached to a core protein on the cell surface. Protein binding to cell surface HS is a key regulatory event for many cellular processes such as blood coagulation, cell proliferation, and migration. The concept whereby protein binding to HS is not random but requires a limited number of sulfation patterns is becoming clear. Here we describe a hydrophobic trapping assay for screening a library of heparin hexasaccharides for binders to antithrombin III (ATIII). The hexasaccharide compositions are defined with their building block content in the following format: (DeltaHexA:HexA:GlcN:SO 3:Ac). Of five initial compositions present in the library, (1:2:3:6:1), (1:2:3:7:1), (1:2:3:7:0), (1:2:3:8:0), and (1:2:3:9:0), only two are shown to bind ATIII, namely, (1:2:3:8:0) and (1:2:3:9:0). The use of amide hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry permitted reproducible quantitative analysis of the composition of the initial library as well as that of the binding fraction. The specificity of the hexasaccharides binding ATIII was confirmed by assaying their ability to enhance ATIII-mediated inhibition of Factor Xa in vitro. 相似文献
15.
Linolenic acid desaturation and chain elongation and rapid turnover of phospholipid n - 3 fatty acids in isolated rat liver cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]linolenic acid was studied in isolated liver cells from rats fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids. 14C-labelled 18:4, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6, all n - 3 fatty acids, were formed. In the presence of lactate relatively large amounts of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 were formed. 20:5 was mainly present in phospholipids, 22:5 and 22:6 were present in both phospholipids and triacylglycerols. (+)-Decanoylcarnitine and (-)-hydroxycitrate decreased the formation of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 and increased the recovery of 18:4. The unchanged 18:3 substrate was also initially rapidly incorporated both in the phospholipids and in the triacylglycerol fraction. During long incubation periods, continued after nearly all the [14C]linolenic acid substrate had been metabolized either by esterification or by oxidation, the phospholipid content of labelled 18:3 and 18:4 decreased while the content of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 increased markedly, suggesting a remodeling of the phospholipid n - 3 fatty acid content by a series of deacylations-reacylations. The n - 3 fatty acid pattern in the triacylglycerol fraction changed little. 22:5 and 22:6 appeared in the VLDL fraction secreted by the isolated liver cells. 相似文献
16.
Mitsunori Katayama Nicholas F. Tsinoremas Takao Kondo Susan S. Golden 《Journal of bacteriology》1999,181(11):3516-3524
We generated random mutations in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 to look for genes of output pathways in the cyanobacterial circadian system. A derivative of transposon Tn5 was introduced into the chromosomes of reporter strains in which cyanobacterial promoters drive the Vibrio harveyi luxAB genes and produce an oscillation of bioluminescence as a function of circadian gene expression. Among low-amplitude mutants, one mutant, tnp6, had an insertion in a 780-bp open reading frame. The tnp6 mutation produced an altered circadian phasing phenotype in the expression rhythms of psbAI::luxAB, psbAII::luxAB, and kaiA::luxAB but had no or little effect on those of psbAIII::luxAB, purF::luxAB, kaiB::luxAB, rpoD2::luxAB, ndhD::luxAB, and conII::luxAB. This suggests that the interrupted gene in tnp6, named cpmA (circadian phase modifier), is part of a circadian output pathway that regulates the expression rhythms of psbAI, psbAII, and kaiA. 相似文献
17.
Differential methylation patterns in molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives in rat liver membranes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The appearance of individual molecular species of phospholipids in the complete sequence of the transmethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was examined in rat liver microsomes incubated with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-14C]methionine. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (dimethyl-PE), or phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (monomethyl-PE) showed that radioactivity was present in the same six principal molecules; a first group is constituted by 16:0/22:6, 16:0/20:4 and 16:0/18:2 and a second one by the homologous molecules with 18:0 instead of 16:0 at the sn-1 position of glycerol. In PC, 16:0/22:6 (23% of total radioactivity) was preponderant, and 18:0/20:4 was the lowest. The ratios cpm in PC/nmol in PE were in the order: 16:0/22:6 greater than 16:0/18:2 greater than 16:0/20:4 followed by the corresponding 18:0 molecules. On the other hand, in intermediate phospholipids, incorporation of methyl groups was most marked in 18:0/20:4 (24-27% of total). 16:0/22:6 and 16:0/18:2 were low in comparison to their relative values in PC. The ratio (18:0/20:4)/(16:0/22:6) was 4.5-5.6-times higher in monomethyl-PE and dimethyl-PE than in PC. These differences were found consistently, regardless of incubation time of microsomes (2.5-60 min) and of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) concentration (3 or 100 microM). In liver membranes, it would therefore seem that there is a different selectivity in methyl group transfer, depending upon whether the first two steps or the third step of the reaction are considered. Side reactions, such as deacylation/reacylation, are unlikely to account for this difference, which could rather be related to the enzyme itself. 相似文献
18.
分析磷脂酰肌醇循环(PI cycle)的磷脂组分常采用双向薄层层析法.建立了一个简单快速的单向薄层层析分离肌醇磷脂方法.首先采用不同的有机溶剂体系分别提取非多磷酸肌醇磷脂和多磷酸肌醇磷脂,然后用不同的层析展开体系,对两部分磷脂进行单向薄层层析分离.采用无载体 32P标记实验对该方法分离效果进行了观察.此法适用于同位素标记和非标记样品中肌醇磷脂组分的比较分析及多磷酸肌醇磷脂的提取、纯化和定量. 相似文献
19.
Diego Rey Carlos Parga-Lozano Juan Moscoso Cristina Areces Mercedes Enriquez-de-Salamanca Mercedes Fernández-Honrado Sedeka Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil Javier Alonso-Rubio Antonio Arnaiz-Villena 《Molecular biology reports》2013,40(7):4257-4267
Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn. 相似文献
20.
Yong Suk Kim Jae Kyung Byun Choonsig Kim Byung Bae Park Young Kul Kim Sang Won Bae 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2014,10(1):241-247
This study was conducted to determine fertilizer compound ratios suitable for soil conditions and tree seedling growth in recently burned areas in Korean forests. Currently, the conventional fertilizer ratio applied to undisturbed forests in Korea is N:P:K 3:4:1. In this study, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) seedlings planted in the burned area were fertilized over four growing seasons with the following NPK compound ratios: unfertilized (CON), 3:4:1, 6:4:1, 3:8:1, and 3:4:2. Fertilization generally increased current-year needle nutrient concentrations of the seedlings, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio in CON was significantly lower than in all fertilized plots. Fertilization significantly affected the growth of the pine seedlings, which had 71–87 % more height growth and 29–67 % increased root collar diameter (RCD) compared to CON. The increases in height and RCD were significantly higher with the 6:4:1 and 3:8:1 ratios than with the 3:4:1 ratio. The 3:4:2 and 3:4:1 fertilizer ratios had no effect on the RCD growth of seedlings. This suggests that the early growth of pine seedlings could be improved by providing high N and P supplies to areas affected by forest fires rather than the conventional fertilizer ratio of 3:4:1 in Korean forest soils. Therefore, application of the suitable fertilization ratio may be a very effective way to reduce reforestation cost as well as to shorten restoration period. 相似文献