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1.
Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory process that involves complex interactions between the vessel wall and blood components and is thought to be initiated by endothelial dysfunction [1–3]. Extracellular nucleotides that are released from a variety of arterial and blood cells [4] can bind to P2 receptors and modulate proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC), which is known to be involved in intimal hyperplasia that accompanies atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis [5]. In addition, P2 receptors mediate many other functions, including platelet aggregation, leukocyte adherence, and arterial vasomotoricity. A direct pathological role of P2 receptors is reinforced by recent evidence showing that up-regulation and activation of P2Y2 receptors in rabbit arteries mediates intimal hyperplasia [6]. In addition, up-regulation of functional P2Y receptors also has been demonstrated in the basilar artery of the rat double-hemorrhage model [7] and in coronary arteries of diabetic dyslipidemic pigs [8]. It has been proposed that up-regulation of P2Y receptors may be a potential diagnostic indicator for the early stages of atherosclerosis [9]. Therefore, particular effort must be made to understand the consequences of nucleotide release from cells in the cardiovascular system and the subsequent effects of P2 nucleotide receptor activation in blood vessels, which may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. 相似文献
2.
Current treatments for damaged articular cartilage (i.e., shaving the articular surface, perforation or abrasion of the subchondral
bone, and resurfacing with periosteal and perichondrial resurfacing) often produce fibrocartilage, or hyaline-appearing repair
that is not sustained over time (Henche 1967, Ligament and Articular Cartilage Injuries. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, pp.
157–164; Insall 1974, Clin. Orthop. 101: 61–67; Mitchell and Shepard 1976, J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 58: 230–233; O’Driscoll
et al. 1986, J. Bone Joint Surg. [Am.] 68: 1017–1035; 1989, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc. 14: 145; Kim et al. 1991, J. Bone Joint
Surg. [Am.] 73: 1301–1315). Autologous chondrocyte transplantation, although promising, requires two surgeries, has site-dependent
and patient age limitations, and has unknown long-term donor site morbidity (Brittberg et al. 1994, N Engl. J. Med. 331: 889–895;
Minas 2003, Orthopedics 26: 945–947; Peterson et al. 2003, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 85-A(Suppl. 2): S17–S24). Osteochondral
allografts remain a widely used method of articular resurfacing to delay arthritic progression. The present study compared
the histological response to four types of osteochondral implants in a rabbit model: autograft, frozen, freeze-dried, and
fresh implants. Specimens implanted in the femoral groove were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. Results showed similar restoration
of the joint surface regardless of implant type, with a trend toward better repair at the later timepoint. As has been observed
in other studies (Frenkel et al. 1997, J. Bone Joint Surg. 79B: 281–286; Toolan et al. 1998, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 41: 244–250),
each group in this study had at least one specimen in which a healthy-appearing surface on the implant was not well-integrated
with host tissues. Although the differences were not statistically significant, freeze-dried implants at both timepoints had
the best histological scores. The osteochondral grafts tested successfully restored the gross joint surface and congruity.
At 12 weeks, no significant differences were observed between the various allografts and autologous osteochondral grafts. 相似文献
3.
4.
Development of addiction to alcohol or other substances can be attributed in part to exposure-dependent modifications at synaptic
efficacy leading to an organism which functions at an altered homeostatic setpoint. Genetic factors may also influence setpoints
and the stability of the homeostatic system of an organism. Quantitative genetic analysis of voluntary alcohol drinking, and
mapping of the involved genes in the quasi-congenic Recombinant QTL Introgression strain system, identified Eac2 as a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) on mouse chromosome 6 which explained 18% of the variance with an effect size of 2.09 g/kg/day
alcohol consumption, and Grm7 as a quantitative trait gene underlying Eac2 [Vadasz et al. in Neurochem Res 32:1099–1112, 100, Genomics 90:690–702, 102]. In earlier studies, the product of Grm7 mGluR7, a G protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in stress systems [Mitsukawa et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18712–18717,
63], anxiety-like behaviors [Cryan et al. in Eur J Neurosci 17:2409–2417, 14], memory [Holscher et al. in Learn Mem 12:450–455, 26], and psychiatric disorders (e.g., [Mick et al. in Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B:1412–1418, 61; Ohtsuki et al. in Schizophr Res 101:9–16, 72; Pergadia et al. in Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, Louisville, Kentucky,
USA, 76]. Here, in experiments with mice, we show that (1) Grm7 knockout mice express increased alcohol consumption, (2) sub-congenic, and congenic mice carrying a Grm7 variant characterized by higher Grm7 mRNA drink less alcohol, and show a tendency for higher circadian dark phase motor activity in a wheel running paradigm,
respectively, and (3) there are significant genetic differences in Grm7 mRNA abundance in the mouse brain between congenic and background mice identifying brain areas whose function is implicated
in addiction related processes. We hypothesize that metabotropic glutamate receptors may function as regulators of homeostasis,
and Grm7 (mGluR7) is involved in multiple processes (including stress, circadian activity, reward control, memory, etc.) which interact
with substance use and the development of addiction. In conclusion, we suggest that mGluR7 is a significant new therapeutic
target in addiction and related neurobehavioral disorders. 相似文献
5.
Etzel CJ Chen WV Shepard N Jawaheer D Cornelis F Seldin MF Gregersen PK Amos CI;North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium 《Human genetics》2006,119(6):634-641
Meta-analysis is being increasingly used as a tool for integrating data from different studies of complex phenotypes, because the power of any one study to identify causal loci is limited. We applied a novel meta-analytical approach (Loesgen et al. in Genet Epidemiol 21(Suppl 1):S142–S147, 2001) in compiling results from four studies of rheumatoid arthritis in Caucasians including two studies from NARAC (Jawaheer et al. in Am J Hum Genet 68:927–936, 2001; Jawaheer et al. in Arthritis Rheum 48:906–916, 2003), one study from the UK (MacKay et al. in Arthritis Rheum 46:632–639, 2001) and one from France (Cornelis et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:10746–10750, 1998). For each study, we obtained NPL scores by performing interval mapping (2 cM intervals) using GeneHunter2 (Kruglyak et al. in Am J Hum Genet 58:1347–1363, 1996; Markianos et al. in Am J Hum Genet 68:963–977, 2001). The marker maps differed among the three consortium groups, therefore, the marker maps were aligned after the interval mapping was completed and the NPL scores that were within 1 cM of each other were combined using the method of Loesgen et al. (Genet Epidemiol 21(Suppl 1):S142–S147, 2001) by calculating the weighted average of the NPL score. This approach avoids some problems in analysis encountered by using GeneHunter2 when some markers in the sample are not genotyped. This procedure provided marginal evidence (P<0.05) of linkage on chromosome 1, 2, 5 and 18, strong evidence (P<0.01) on chromosomes 8 and 16, and overwhelming evidence in the HLA region of chromosome 6. 相似文献
6.
7.
Meiotic prophase serves as an arena for the interplay of two important cellular activities, meiotic recombination and synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Synapsis is mediated by the synaptonemal complex (SC), originally characterized as a structure linked to pairing of meiotic chromosomes (Moses (1958) J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4:633–638). In 1975, the first electron micrographs of human pachytene stage SCs were presented (Moses et al. (1975) Science 187:363–365) and over the next 15 years the importance of the SC to normal meiotic progression in human males and females was established (Jhanwar and Chaganti (1980) Hum Genet 54:405–408; Pathak and Elder (1980) Hum Genet 54:171–175; Solari (1980) Chromosoma 81:315–337; Speed (1984) Hum Genet 66:176–180; Wallace and Hulten (1985) Ann Hum Genet 49(Pt 3):215–226). Further, these studies made it clear that abnormalities in the assembly or maintenance of the SC were an important contributor to human infertility (Chaganti et al. (1980) Am J Hum Genet 32:833–848; Vidal et al. (1982) Hum Genet 60:301–304; Bojko (1983) Carlsberg Res Commun 48:285–305; Bojko (1985) Carlsberg Res Commun 50:43–72; Templado et al. (1984) Hum Genet 67:162–165; Navarro et al. (1986) Hum Reprod 1:523–527; Garcia et al. (1989) Hum Genet 2:147–53). However, the utility of these early studies was limited by lack of information on the structural composition of the SC and the identity of other SC-associated proteins. Fortunately, studies of the past 15 years have gone a long way toward remedying this problem. In this minireview, we highlight the most important of these advances as they pertain to human meiosis, focusing on temporal aspects of SC assembly, the relationship between the SC and meiotic recombination, and the contribution of SC abnormalities to human infertility.The synaptonemal complex–50 years 相似文献
8.
The novel three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) of Watton et al.
Biomech Model Mechanobiol 3(2): 98–113, (2004) describes how changes in the micro-structure of the arterial wall lead to the
development of AAA, during which collagen remodels to compensate for loss of elastin. In this paper, we examine the influence
of several of the model’s material and remodelling parameters on growth rates of the AAA and compare with clinical data. Furthermore,
we calculate the dynamic properties of the AAA at different stages in its development and examine the evolution of clinically
measurable mechanical properties. The model predicts that the maximum diameter of the aneurysm increases exponentially and
that the ratio of systolic to diastolic diameter decreases from 1.13 to 1.02 as the aneurysm develops; these predictions are
consistent with physiological observations of Vardulaki et al. Br J Surg 85:1674–1680 (1998) and Lanne et al. Eur J Vasc Surg
6:178–184 (1992), respectively. We conclude that mathematical models of aneurysm growth have the potential to be useful, noninvasive
diagnostic tools and thus merit further development. 相似文献
9.
Despite mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own genome, 99% of mitochondrial proteins (Rehling et al., Nat Rev Mol
Cell Biol 5:519–530, 2004) and more than 95% of chloroplast proteins (Soll, Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:529–535, 2002) are encoded by nuclear DNA, synthesised in the cytosol and imported post-translationally. Protein targeting to these organelles
depends on cytosolic targeting factors, which bind to the precursor, and then interact with membrane receptors to deliver
the precursor into a translocase. The molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 have been widely implicated in protein targeting
to mitochondria and chloroplasts, and receptors capable of recognising these chaperones have been identified at the surface
of both these organelles (Schlegel et al., Mol Biol Evol 24:2763–2774, 2007). The role of these chaperone receptors is not fully understood, but they have been shown to increase the efficiency of protein
targeting (Young et al., Cell 112:41–50, 2003; Qbadou et al., EMBO J 25:1836–1847, 2006). Whether these receptors contribute to the specificity of targeting is less clear. A class of chaperone receptors bearing
tetratricopeptide repeat domains is able to specifically bind the highly conserved C terminus of Hsp70 and/or Hsp90. Interestingly,
at least of one these chaperone receptors can be found on each organelle (Schlegel et al., Mol Biol Evol 24:2763–2774, 2007), which suggests a universal role in protein targeting for these chaperone receptors. This review will investigate the role
that chaperone receptors play in targeting efficiency and specificity, as well as examining recent in silico approaches to find novel chaperone receptors. 相似文献
10.
John T. Salvucci 《Cell and tissue banking》2011,12(2):99-104
Over the past 57 years, 17 recipients of frozen bone have been infected with: HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
in Morb Mortal Wkly Rep MMWR 37(39):597–599, 1988; Li et al. in J Formos Med Assoc 100(5):350–351, 2001; Simonds et al. in NEJM 326(11):726–732, 1992; Schratt et al. in Unfallchirurg 99(9):679–684, 1996); HCV (Eggen and Nordbo in NEJM 326(6):411, 1992; Conrad et al. in J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:214–224, 1995; Trotter in J Bone Joint Surg Am 851(11):2215–2217, 2003; Tugwell et al. in Ann of Internal Med 143(9):648–654, 2005); or HBV (Shutkin in J Bone Joint Surg Am 36:160–162, 1954). However, bone, lyophilized and stored at room temperature, has never transmitted these viral diseases. A literature review
was undertaken to determine whether there is any evidence that lyophilized bone is capable of transmitting HIV, HCV and HBV. 相似文献
11.
The NMR structure of 31mer RNA domain of Escherichia coli RNase P RNA using its non-uniformly deuterium labelled counterpart [the 'NMR-window' concept]. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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C Glemarec J Kufel A Fldesi T Maltseva A Sandstrm L A Kirsebom J Chattopadhyaya 《Nucleic acids research》1996,24(11):2022-2035
The NMR structure of a 31mer RNA constituting a functionally important domain of the catalytic RNase P RNA from Escherichia coli is reported. Severe spectral overlaps of the proton resonances in the natural 31mer RNA (1) were successfully tackled by unique spectral simplifications found in the partially-deuterated 31 mer RNA analogue (2) incorporating deuterated cytidines [C5 (>95 atom % 2H), C2' (>97 atom % 2H), C3' (>97 atom % 2H), C4' (>65 atom % 2H) and C5' (>97 atom % 2H)] [for the 'NMR-window' concept see: Földesi,A. et al. (1992) Tetrahedron, 48, 9033; Foldesi,A. et al. (1993) J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 26, 1; Yamakage,S.-I. et al. (1993) Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 5005; Agback,P. et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 1404; Földesi,A. et al. (1995) Tetrahedron, 51, 10065; Földesi,A. et al. (1996) Nucleic Acids Res., 24, 1187-1194]. 175 resonances have been assigned out of total of 235 non-exchangeable proton resonances in (1) in an unprecedented manner in the absence of 13C and 15N labelling. 41 out of 175 assigned resonances could be accomplished with the help of the deuterated analogue (2). The two stems in 31mer RNA adopt an A-type RNA conformation and the base-stacking continues from stem I into the beginning of the loop I. Long distance cross-strand NOEs showed a structured conformation at the junction between stem I and loop I. The loop I-stem II junction is less ordered and shows structural perturbation at and around the G11 -C22 base pair. 相似文献
12.
Joint composite-rotation adiabatic-sweep isotope filters are derived by combining the composite-rotation [Stuart AC et al.
(1999) J Am Chem Soc 121: 5346–5347] and adiabatic-sweep [Zwahlen C et al. (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:6711–6721; Kupče E, Freeman
R (1997) J Magn Reson 127:36–48] approaches. The joint isotope filters have improved broadband filtration performance, even
for extreme values of the one-bond 1H–13C scalar coupling constants in proteins and RNA molecules. An average Hamiltonian analysis is used to describe evolution of
the heteronuclear scalar coupling interaction during the adiabatic sweeps within the isotope filter sequences. The new isotope
filter elements permit improved selective detection of NMR resonance signals originating from 1H spins attached to an unlabeled natural abundance component of a complex in which the other components are labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. 相似文献
13.
Alan P. Robertson Sreekanth Puttachary Samuel K. Buxton Richard J. Martin 《Invertebrate neuroscience : IN》2008,8(4):167-175
Infection of man and animals with parasitic nematodes is recognized as a significant global problem (McLeod in Int J Parasitol
25(11):1363–1367, 1994; Hotez et al. in N Engl J Med 357(10):1018–1027, 2007). At present control of these infections relies primarily on chemotherapy. There are a limited number of classes of anthelmintic
compounds and the majority of these act on ion-channels of the parasite (Martin et al. in Parasitology 113:S137–S156, 1996). In this report, we describe electrophysiological recording techniques as applied to parasitic nematodes. The aim of this
report is: (1) to promote the study of ion channels in nematodes to help further the understanding of antinematodal drug action;
(2) to describe our recording equipment and experimental protocols; and (3) provide some examples of the information to be
gleaned from this approach and how it can increase our understanding of these important pathogens. 相似文献
14.
Kijimoto-Ochiai S Koda T Suwama T Matsukawa H Fujii M Tomobe K Nishimura M 《Glycoconjugate journal》2008,25(8):787-796
We have already reported that the homogenate of the A/J mouse thymus shows a high sialidase activity at the neutral pH region
and that in both soluble and membrane fractions optimal pH was 6.5–7 (Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375–384, 2004). In the present study, we investigated the level of sialidase activities in the thymus of the SM/J mouse, a mouse strain
that we know to have a Neu1a allele that reveals a low level of sialidase activity in the liver. We found that while in the A/J thymus the soluble sialidase
activity at pH 6.5 was high, the SM/J thymus lacked all such activity. A QTL analysis of SMXA recombinant inbred strains showed
that soluble sialidase activity correlated well with the D1Mit8/9 marker on chromosome 1. The murine whole DNA-sequence data
and the results of our FISH analysis (Kotani et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 286:250–258, 2001) showed that this location is consistent with the position of Neu2 gene. We confirmed that it is hard to detect the Neu2
enzyme of the SM/J mouse thymus by an anti-Neu2 antibody using a Western blot analysis. We also found that while the mRNA
expression of Neu2 was quite normal in the SM/J mouse liver, it was very low in the SM/J mouse thymus. We therefore conclude
that the lack of soluble sialidase activity in the SM/J mouse thymus is due to the thymus-specific low expression level of
the Neu2 gene. We have previously shown that the sialidase positive cell which contains the Mac-1 and immunoglobulin, and
which is located sparsely in the corticomedullar region or medullary region of the A/J mouse thymus (Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375–384, 2004). We showed now in this paper that the detection of this cell in the SM/J mouse thymus at pH 7.0 was difficult. We propose,
therefore, to name the cell “Neu-medullocyte”. 相似文献
15.
Matthew R. L. Egyud Zofia K. Z. Gajdos Johannah L. Butler Sam Tischfield Loic Le Marchand Laurence N. Kolonel Christopher A. Haiman Brian E. Henderson Joel N. Hirschhorn 《Human genetics》2009,125(3):295-303
Many association methods use a subset of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to capture or infer genotypes at
other untyped SNPs. We and others previously showed that tag SNPs selected to capture common variation using data from The
International HapMap Consortium (Nature 437:1299–1320, 2005), The International HapMap Consortium (Nature 449:851–861, 2007) could also capture variation in populations of similar ancestry to HapMap reference populations (de Bakker et al. in Nat
Genet 38:1298–1303, 2006; González-Neira et al. in Genome Res 16:323–330, 2006; Montpetit et al. in PLoS Genet 2:282–290, 2006; Mueller et al. in Am J Hum Genet 76:387–398, 2005). To capture variation in admixed populations or populations less similar to HapMap panels, a “cosmopolitan approach,” in
which all samples from HapMap are used as a single reference panel, was proposed. Here we refine this suggestion and show
that use of a “weighted reference panel,” constructed based on empirical estimates of ancestry in the target population (relative
to available reference panels), is more efficient than the cosmopolitan approach. Weighted reference panels capture, on average,
only slightly fewer common variants (minor allele frequency > 5%) than the cosmopolitan approach (mean r
2 = 0.977 vs. 0.989, 94.5% variation captured vs. 96.8% at r
2 > 0.8), across the five populations of the Multiethnic Cohort, but entail approximately 25% fewer tag SNPs per panel (average
538 vs. 718). These results extend a recent study in two Indian populations (Pemberton et al. in Ann Hum Genet 72:535–546,
2008). Weighted reference panels are potentially useful for both the selection of tag SNPs in diverse populations and perhaps
in the design of reference panels for imputation of untyped genotypes in genome-wide association studies in admixed populations.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
16.
Kruckeberg AL Walsh MC Van Dam K 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》1998,20(12):972-976
A glucose-sensing mechanism has been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that regulates expression of glucose transporter genes. The sensor proteins Snf3 and Rgt2 are homologous to the transporters they regulate. Snf3 and Rgt2 are integral plasma membrane proteins with unique carboxy-terminal domains that are predicted to be localized in the cytoplasm. In a recent paper Ozcan and colleagues [Ozcan S, et al. EMBO J 1998; 17:2556-2773 (Ref. 1)] present evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of Snf3 and Rgt2 are required to transmit a glucose signal. They provide additional evidence to support their earlier assertion [Ozcan S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:12428-12432 (Ref. 2)] that glucose transport via Snf3 and Rgt2 is not involved in glucose sensing but, rather, that these proteins behave like glucose receptors. Other examples of transporter homologs with regulatory functions have recently been described in fungi as well [Madi L, et al. Genetics 1997; 146:499-508 (Ref. 3). and Didion T, et al. Mol Microbiol 1998;27:643-650 (Ref. 4)]. The identification of this class of nutrient sensors is an important step in elucidating the complex of regulatory mechanisms that leads to adaptation of fungi to different environments. 相似文献
17.
De Boer RJ Ganusov VV Milutinović D Hodgkin PD Perelson AS 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》2006,68(5):1011-1031
The division tracking dye, carboxyfluorescin diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is currently the most informative labeling technique for characterizing the division history of cells in the immune system. Gett and Hodgkin [Nat. Immunol. 1:239–244, 2000] have pioneered the quantitative analysis of CFSE data. We confirm and extend their data analysis approach using simple mathematical models. We employ the extended Gett and Hodgkin [Nat. Immunol. 1:239–244, 2000] method to estimate the time to first division, the fraction of cells recruited into division, the cell cycle time, and the average death rate from CFSE data on T cells stimulated under different concentrations of IL-2. The same data is also fitted with a simple mathematical model that we derived by reformulating the numerical model of Deenick et al. [J. Immunol. 170:4963–4972, 2003]. By a non-linear fitting procedure we estimate parameter values and confidence intervals to identify the parameters that are influenced by the IL-2 concentration. We obtain a significantly better fit to the data when we assume that the T cell death rate depends on the number of divisions cells have completed. We provide an outlook on future work that involves extending the Deenick et al. [J. Immunol. 170:4963–4972, 2003] model into the classical smith-martin model, and into a model with arbitrary probability distributions for death and division through subsequent divisions. 相似文献
18.
Modeling of the pyruvate production with Escherichia coli: comparison of mechanistic and neural networks-based models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three different models: the unstructured mechanistic black-box model, the input–output neural network-based model and the externally recurrent neural network model were used to describe the pyruvate production process from glucose and acetate using the genetically modified Escherichia coli YYC202 ldhA::Kan strain. The experimental data were used from the recently described batch and fed-batch experiments [ Zelić B, Study of the process development for Escherichia coli-based pyruvate production. PhD Thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia, July 2003. (In English); Zelić et al. Bioproc Biosyst Eng 26:249–258 (2004); Zelić et al. Eng Life Sci 3:299–305 (2003); Zelić et al Biotechnol Bioeng 85:638–646 (2004)]. The neural networks were built out of the experimental data obtained in the fed-batch pyruvate production experiments with the constant glucose feed rate. The model validation was performed using the experimental results obtained from the batch and fed-batch pyruvate production experiments with the constant acetate feed rate. Dynamics of the substrate and product concentration changes was estimated using two neural network-based models for biomass and pyruvate. It was shown that neural networks could be used for the modeling of complex microbial fermentation processes, even in conditions in which mechanistic unstructured models cannot be applied. 相似文献
19.
Subunit E of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) contains an N-terminal extended α helix (Rishikesan et al. J Bioenerg Biomembr
43:187–193, 2011) and a globular C-terminal part that is predicted to consist of a mixture of α-helices and β-sheets (Grüber et al. Biochem
Biophys Res Comm 298:383–391, 2002). Here we describe the production, purification and 2D structure of the C-terminal segment E133-222 of subunit E from Saccharamyces cerevisiae V-ATPase in solution based on the secondary structure calculation from NMR spectroscopy studies. E133-222 consists of four β-strands, formed by the amino acids from K136-V139, E170-V173, G186-V189, D195-E198 and two α-helices,
composed of the residues from R144-A164 and T202-I218. The sheets and helices are arranged as β1:α1:β2:β3:β4:α2, which are
connected by flexible loop regions. These new structural details of subunit E are discussed in the light of the structural
arrangements of this subunit inside the V1- and V1VO ATPase. 相似文献
20.
Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits intimal hyperplasia and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Antioxidants that prevent low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation may inhibit atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been shown to inhibit LDL oxidation and reduce atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The effects of SM on neointimal hyperplasia and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression after balloon injury were studied. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 2% cholesterol diet together with daily SM (4.8 gm/kg body wt.) treatment (SM; n=10) or without SM as a control (C; n=9) for 6 weeks. Probucol-treated (0.6 gm/kg body wt.) rabbits (P; n=9) were used as a positive control group. A balloon injury of the abdominal aorta was performed at the end of the third week. Aortas were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. The plasma cholesterol levels were lowered in SM group. The neointimal hyperplasia in abdominal aortas was significantly inhibited in SM group [neointima/media area ratio: 0.63+/-0.05 (SM) versus 0.78+/-0.05 (C); P < 0.05] and in P group [0.45+/-0.02 (P) versus 0.78+/-0.05 (C); P < 0.05] when compared with C group. SM treatment significantly reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in balloon-injured abdominal aorta. These inhibitory effects on intimal response after balloon injury might be attributed to antioxidant capacity and cholesterol lowering effect of SM. SM treatment may offer some protection against post-angioplasty restenosis. 相似文献