血浆5-羟色胺对心血管功能的调节

血浆5-羟色胺(5-HT)既直接引起血管平滑肌收缩,又增强去甲肾上腺素等血管活性物质的缩血管反应。选择性外周S_2受体阻断剂R_(41468)阻断5-HT的这种作用,在高血压病的临床治疗中取得了较好的效果。5-HT对心脏的影响主要表现为正性肌力和正性频率作用。5-HT能影响颈动脉体、主动脉区化学感受器的机能和肾上腺素能神经末梢的递质释放。研究5-HT及其相应受体与动脉血压的关系,将为高血压等心血管疾病的治疗提供新的理论依据。     

胰岛素对去甲肾上腺素的心脏肌力效应的影响

在离体灌流豚鼠心脏的实验中已证实胰岛素有正性肌力作用。在人和实验动物上,大剂量儿茶酚胺引起心肌病理性变化及心功能损害,胰岛素可保护心肌免受儿茶酚胺引起的损害,在β受体阻断剂的作用下,胰岛素的正性肌力作用明显增强。胰岛素缺乏(糖尿病)时,心脏对儿茶酚胺的敏感性显著提高。     

IKs通道新型阻断剂293B对犬离体右心房心率和收缩力的影响

Chromanol2 93B( 2 93B)是一种作用于缓慢激活的延迟整流钾电流 (IKs)的新型选择性阻断剂。本实验采用犬离体血液灌流右心房标本 ,观察了 2 93B对心房标本心率及收缩力的影响。结果表明 ,2 93B降低犬离体右心房血液灌流标本的心率和收缩力 ,2 93B的负性频率和肌力作用与M胆碱能受体无关 ,此外 ,2 93B对 β -受体激动剂的正性频率和肌力作用没有影响。上述结果提示 ,在犬右心房组织中 ,2 93B的负性频率和负性肌力作用与M胆碱能受体和 β-受体无关。     

黄芪有效成分研究——Ⅴ.黄芪中清除超氧阴离子成分的分离和检测

本文使用黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶-鲁米诺化学发光体系和化学发光检测法研究了黄芪中各成分的清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力,以药物抑制发光强度50％的浓度(LC_(50))为指标,经研究证明,黄芪总皂部分(N)具有较强的活性,LC_(50)为185μg/ml,再经进一步导向分离并鉴定证明,黄芪甙Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅵ的 LC_(50)分别为80、50和11μg/ml。从而确证黄芪的抗心力衰竭的有效成分可能为黄芪甙的混合组成。     

新型脂肪因子apelin与糖尿病

Apelin是血管紧张肽受体样蛋白质J受体(angiotensin receptor-like protein J receptor,APJR)的内源性配体,属于一种新发现的脂肪因子,具有正性肌力、扩张血管、降低血压、减少抗利尿激素释放、调节摄水及垂体激素释放、调整生物节律和抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒侵入等多种生物学效应。近年来对于apelin在代谢调控中作用的研究日渐增多,其在糖尿病治疗领域的作用尤其受到重视。本文综述了有关apelin在糖尿病中作用的最新研究进展,为深入研究将其用于糖尿病治疗提供了参考。     

三颗针活性成分的研究

以~3H-硫氮草酮受体结合分析法为指标,从三颗针中分离得到四个生物碱活性单体,经光谱鉴定为小檗碱、小檗胺、巴马汀及药根碱。其中小檗胺为钙拮抗主要活性成分,并在红细胞过氧化氢实验中表现有较强的抗脂质过氧化活性,这些作用为其防治心肌缺血、抗心律不齐的机制提供有益的信息。     

基于网络药理学、分子对接及大鼠实验的黄芪-冬虫夏草药对治疗IgA肾病作用机制研究CSCD

通过网络药理学筛选黄芪-冬虫夏草治疗IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)的作用靶点和相关信号通路,明确其作用机制,并进行实验验证。应用TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM数据库结合文献挖掘获取黄芪-冬虫夏草的活性成分和作用靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库获取慢性IgAN的疾病靶点;筛选出与黄芪-冬虫夏草共同的靶点,进而利用Venny 2.1绘制共同靶点韦恩图;利用STRING构建共同靶点互作网络(PPI);应用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建成黄芪-冬虫夏草丸活性成分-靶点交集的网络;通过R语言软件对共同靶点进行GO分析和慢性IgA肾病作用靶点的KEGG分析,筛选出潜在通路并分析其作用机制。运用分子对接技术验证黄芪-冬虫夏草活性成分与关键靶点的结合效能。取IgA肾病造模大鼠(分空白组、模型组和黄芪-冬虫夏草中剂量组)分别治疗21天。取肾脏组织,采用酶联免疫法检测各组大鼠肾组织中VEGFA含量。筛选出黄芪-冬虫夏草中生物活性成分5个,作用于37个IgAN的共同靶点,核心靶点为VEGFA、HIF1A、NOS3、CASP3,主要涉及类固醇结合、细胞凋亡过程的半胱氨酸型内肽酶活性、雌激素受体结合、胆固醇结合等生物过程,主要富集在Lipid and atherosclerosis信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路、Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等信号通路。分子显示主要成分和关键靶点之间具有较好的结合效能。相对于模型组,黄芪-冬虫夏草中剂量组VEGFA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。黄芪-冬虫夏草药对可能作用于VEGFA、HIF1A、NOS3、CASP3等关键靶点,通过抑制纤维化等与IgA肾病疾病相关的信号通路实现对IgA肾病的治疗作用。     

乙酰胆碱洗脱后所致离体兔心的正性肌力作用

目的:乙酰胆碱(ACh)灌注并迅速洗脱后所致离体兔心正性肌力作用(心肌收缩力的反跳)的规律及其机制的初步研究.方法:采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流技术,观察对照组与实验组在给予ACh并洗脱后的心肌收缩力变化.结果:10-8～10-3 mol/L浓度的ACh所致心肌收缩力的最大反跳率分别为2.20%±1.70%、6.71%±3.40%、9.18%±3.54%、14.16%±3.27%、4.37%±5.86%、1.03%±6.86%;肾上腺素组的最大反跳率为29.25%±5.83%,普萘洛尔组最大反跳率为5.15%±4.45%,二者与对照组同浓度ACh(10-5mol/L)相比,均有显著统计学差异(P<0.05);维拉帕米组持续800 s未出现反跳现象.结论:在离体兔心,ACh洗脱后所致的正性肌力作用与心肌Ca2+通道、B受体的活性有关;ACh洗脱后与高浓度ACh时引起正性肌力作用的机制可能存在不同.     

环维黄杨星 D 对心肌的正性肌力效应和细胞膜 Na~ -K~ -ATPase 活力的抑制作用

10~(-7)-10~(-5)M 环维黄杨星 D(CVB)能增加豚鼠左心室乳头肌的收缩张力。这种正性肌力作用不为心得安所阻断,和异丙基肾上腺素的正性肌力作用也无相互加强现象。伹它却能抑制由异丙基肾上腺素引起的心肌节律性活动。在上述浓度范围内,CVB 对兔心肌细胞膜 Na~ -K~ -ATPase 活力有抑制作用。钾离子对此有对抗作用。抑制作用的剂量一反应曲线和哇巴因的相似,但半抑制浓度为哇巴因的10倍左右。哇巴因不影响[~3H]标记的 CVB 和心肌细胞膜的结合。看来 CVB 的正性肌力作用是通过它对心肌细胞膜 Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力的抑制,其抑制途径则和哇巴因不同。     

黄芪对糖尿病性肾病大鼠心肌脂质过氧化作用及一氧化氮水平的影响

目的：研究黄芪对糖尿病性肾病大鼠心肌脂质过氧化作用及NO水平的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、糖尿病性肾病组、糖尿病性肾病伴急性肾功能损害组、黄芪治疗组。分别测定各组心肌组织内SOD、GSH－Px、NSO活性及MDA、NO含量。结果：各实验组心肌组织内GSH－Px 、SOD活性下降,NOS活性及MDA、NO含量增高,其中以糖尿病性肾病伴急性肾功能损害组最明显,黄芪对之有纠正作用。结论：黄芪能抑制糖尿病性肾病心肌脂质过氧作用并降低NO水平,从而对心肌产生保护作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.