草鱼鳃介导草鱼呼肠孤病毒免疫应答

采用草鱼呼肠孤病毒腹腔注射草鱼, 通过定量RT-PCR检测了12个抗病毒免疫相关基因在鳃中不同时间点的表达模式, 以了解鳃对内源性病毒的免疫应答。模式识别受体基因CiTLR3、CiTLR7、CiTLR22、CiRIG-I、CiMDA5、CiLGP2、CiNOD1和CiNOD2, 以及干扰素基因CiIFN-I的表达在注射病毒后12h、24h、48h及72h基本都上调。IgM基因的表达仅在72h上调。接头分子CiMyD88和CiIPS-1基因的表达在早期下调（6h）, 然后逐渐上升。为了证实病毒感染的可靠性, 通过RT-PCR检测了病毒VP4基因。结果表明草鱼鳃在抗病毒免疫方面发挥着重要作用。       

抗草鱼出血病病毒转基因稀有鮈鲫的初步研究

研究采用草鱼H1基因启动子,以草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)外衣壳蛋白VP7基因为靶基因,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)为报告基因,构建了3个小发卡RNA(shRNA)表达载体pH1siGCRV(x)-CMVeGFP。CIK细胞感染实验表明,pH1siGCRV2-CMVeGFP具有较高的病毒抑制作用。通过显微注射将pH1siGCRV2-CMVeGFP导入稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)受精卵,获得转基因稀有鮈鲫P0代群体。转基因稀有鮈鲫攻毒实验显示,转基因稀有鮈鲫死亡率为30%,抗草鱼出血病能力显著提高。进一步的实时荧光定量PCR检测证实,转基因稀有鮈鲫脾脏、后肠和肝脏中GCRV的含量显著低于对照鱼,并随着时间的延续逐渐减少,转基因稀有鮈鲫体内GCRV的复制受到有效抑制。研究为抗草鱼出血病转基因鱼育种奠定重要基础。       

Antigenic analysis of grass carp reovirus using single-chain variable fragment antibody against IgM from Ctenopharyngodon idella

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an important species of freshwater aquaculture fish in China. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in yearling populations. Until now, a strategy to define the antigenic capacity of the virus’s structural proteins for preparing an effective vaccine has not been available. In this study, some single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFv), which could specifically recognize grass carp IgM, were selected from a constructed mouse naïve antibody phage display cDNA library. The identified scFv C1B3 clone was shown to possess relatively higher specific binding activity to grass carp IgM. Furthermore, ELISA analysis indicated that the IgM level in serum from virus-infected grass carp was more than two times higher than that of the control group at 5–7 days post infection. Moreover, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the outer capsid protein VP7 has a specific immuno-binding-reaction with the serum IgM from virus-infected grass carp. Our results suggest that VP7 can induce a stronger immune response in grass carp than the other GCRV structural proteins, which implies that VP7 protein could be used as a preferred immunogen for vaccine design.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒HZ08株S4基因序列分析

草鱼呼肠孤病毒HZ08株是本实验室从患出血病草鱼体内分离到的一个新毒株,已完成部分基因序列的分析,其氨基酸序列的同源性和873株相比,仅为20%~30%之间.因序列差异较大,无法通过设计特异性引物来扩增和分析其基因序列,采用单引物扩增技术,对HZ08株S4基因进行序列分析表明:S4全长为2263 bp,最大的ORF编码717个氨基酸,推导出其表达的蛋白约为79 kDa.正如其他基因节段,基因末端也含有保守碱基序列5′(GUAAUUU…UUCAUC),3′.S4基因推导的氨基酸序列与同宿主的其他呼肠孤病毒的非结构蛋白NS1同源性最大,其次是和哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒的非结构蛋白mu-NS以及禽呼肠孤病毒非结构蛋白NS1同源性较大,表明S4可能表达细胞骨架相关蛋白.基于S4推导出的氨基酸序列构建的系统进化树HZ08株单独作为一个分支,与同宿主的其他呼肠孤病毒亲缘关系比较近,而与其他呼肠孤病毒则相对较远.这提示HZ08株可能是多个毒株的遗传信息经长期的遗传进化而得,综合其它已知序列信息,推测HZ08株可能为呼肠孤病毒的一个新成员.     

Expression of outer capsid protein VP5 of grass carp reovirus in <Emphasis Type="Italic">E.coli</Emphasis> and analysis of its immunogenicity

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a tentative member of the Aquareovirus genus in the family Reoviridae. The mature virion comprises 11 dsRNA genomes enclosed by two concentric icosahedral proteins shells that is comprised of five core proteins and two outer capsid proteins. The genome sequence and 3D structure demonstrate there is a higher level of sequence homology in structural proteins between GCRV and mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRV) compared to other members of the family. To understand the pathogenesis of GCRV infection, the outer capsid protein VP5, a homology of the μ1 protein of MRV, was expressed in E.coli. It was found that the recombinant VP5 was highly expressed, and the expressed His-tag fusion protein was involved in the formation of the inclusion body. Additionally, specific anti-VP5 serum was prepared from purified protein and western blot demonstrated that the expressed protein was able to bind immunologically to rabbit anti GCRV particle serum and the immunogenicity was determined by ELISA assay. Additional experiments in investigating the functional properties of VP5 will further elucidate the role of the GCRV outer capsid protein VP5 during entry into host cells, and its interaction among viral proteins and host cells during the infection process.     

3D reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the first aquatic vi-rus isolated and characterized in mainland China[1]. In 1983, it was reported that GCRV was the agent that caused severe outbreaks of infectious hemorrhage disease in grass carp (Cyenopharyngodon idellus). Subsequently, a series of relatively systematic analyses have been conducted to characterize the biological and molecular properties of GCRV[2-8]. More than 50 aquareoviruses have been identified since the first reovirus-like virus was…     

利用噬菌体展示技术淘选草鱼呼肠孤病毒的单链抗体

草鱼呼肠孤病毒（GCRV）是引起我国大面积草鱼幼鱼出血病暴发的主要病原,其外衣壳蛋白VP5和VP7在病毒入侵宿主细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用。研究以原核表达的VP7、全长VP5、VP5的N端片段及C端片段为靶蛋白,利用已构建的噬菌体展示单链抗体文库进行淘选。经过3轮淘选后,共获得7个针对VP7、VP5、VP5N和VP5C的单链抗体。经过验证,识别原核表达的VP7的两个单链抗体能够成功识别天然GCRV病毒。此结果对于进一步研究GCRV与宿主细胞的相互作用机理奠定了基础。       

Cloning and preliminary functional studies of the JAM-A gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is a very important aquaculture species in China and other South-East Asian countries; however, disease outbreaks in this species are frequent, resulting in huge economic losses. Grass carp hemorrhage caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most serious diseases. Junction adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is the mammalian receptor for reovirus, and has been well studied. However, the JAM-A gene in grass carp has not been studied so far. In this study, we cloned and elucidated the structure of the JAM-A gene in grass carp (GcJAM-A) and then studied its functions during grass carp hemorrhage. GcJAM-A is composed of 10 exons and 9 introns, and its full-length cDNA is 1833 bp long, with an 888 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 295 amino acid protein. The GcJAM-A protein is predicted to contain a typical transmembrane domain. Maternal expression pattern of GcJAM-A is observed during early embryogenesis, while zygote expression occurs at 8 h after hatching. GcJAM-A is expressed strongly in the gill, liver, intestine and kidney, while it is expressed poorly in the blood, brain, spleen and head kidney. Moreover, lower expression is observed in the gill, liver, intestine, brain, spleen and kidney of 30-month-old individuals, compared with 6-month-old. In a GcJAM-A-knockdown cell line (CIK) infected with GCRV, the expression of genes involved in the interferon and apoptosis pathways was significantly inhibited. These results suggest that GcJAM-A could be a receptor for GCRV. We have therefore managed to characterize the GcJAM-A gene and provide evidence for its role as a receptor for GCRV.     

3D reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic sequencing showed that GCRV shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (MRV). As a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure of GCRV capsid at 17 Å resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. Each GCRV capsid has a multilayered organization, consisting of an RNAcore, an inner, middle and outer protein layer. The outer layer is made up of 200 trimers that are arranged on an incomplete T=13 icosahedral lattice. A characteristic feature of this layer is the depression resulting from the absence of trimers around the peripentonal positions, revealing the underlying trimers on the middle layer. There are 120 subunits in the inner layer arranged with T=1 symmetry. These structural features are common to other members of the Reoviridae. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that GCRV virions contain seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7). These structural proteins have a high degree of sequence homology to MRV, consistent with the structural similarities observed in our study. The high structural similarities of isolated GCRV and MRV suggest that future structural studies focusing on GCRV entering into and replicating within its host cell are necessary in order to fully understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis.     

Complete Genome Sequence of a Reovirus Isolated from Grass Carp,Indicating Different Genotypes of GCRV in China

A widespread grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) has been known in China since 1983. A virulent reovirus strain, HZ08, was isolated from diseased grass carp in Zhejiang Province, China. We sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of strain HZ08 and compared it with published GCRV genome sequences, contributing to the evidence of several genotypes of GCRV in China.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与应用

草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus, GCRV)是导致该病的主要病原, 研究将Ⅰ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV-873株的外衣壳蛋白VP7基因进行原核表达, 获得高度纯化VP7重组蛋白, 通过免疫BALB/c小鼠, 首次制备筛选得到高效价单克隆抗体。结果显示, GCRV-I vp7基因可在原核表达系统中高效表达, 主要以包涵体形式存在, 大小约为40 kD。免疫小鼠后筛选到了5株IgG类型阳性杂交瘤细胞株, 其中3株亚型为IgG1, 2株亚型为IgG2a。Western Blot实验和直接免疫荧光实验显示, 该抗体可特异识别GCRV-873, 并且ELISA检测原核重组蛋白的效价高达204800, 亲和常数为4.04×109。研究制备的VP7蛋白单克隆抗体, 为GCRV-I病毒诊断技术开发及病毒感染机制的深入研究提供实验基础。     

利用噬菌体展示技术筛选草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP39蛋白相互作用多肽

VP39是草鱼呼肠孤Ⅲ型病毒(GCRV GenotypeⅢ, GCRV-Ⅲ)S9基因编码的蛋白,为研究VP39蛋白在GCRV-Ⅲ感染草鱼细胞过程中行使的生物学功能,将克隆VP39基因序列并构建原核表达载体pET32a-VP39,通过原核表达得到VP39-HIS融合蛋白;利用VP39蛋白溶液免疫小鼠,制备鼠抗VP39多克隆抗体,通过Western Blot对抗体进行评估;利用制备的多克隆抗体探究GCRV-Ⅲ感染细胞过程中VP39蛋白表达动力学;利用噬菌体展示技术筛选与VP39蛋白特异性结合的多肽序列并进行分析。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示, VP39-HIS融合蛋白可良好溶于PBS中,蛋白大小约为39 kD; Western Blot检测表明实验所制备的VP39多克隆抗体在1:10000稀释比例下,既能识别原核表达的VP39-HIS融合蛋白,也能识别GCRV-Ⅲ感染CIK细胞后表达的VP39蛋白,具有良好的效价与特异性;在病毒侵染过程中, VP39前期表达量较少,在中后期大量表达;噬菌体展示技术筛选出两条多肽与VP39蛋白有高度亲和性,经过在NCBI上比对后发现草鱼基因组中有7个基因与筛...     

草鱼感染GCRV后血液中淋巴细胞变化及BCL10表达分析

为了研究草鱼BCL10基因在草鱼出血病中的应答机制, 文章克隆了BCL10基因, 并利用生物信息学、荧光定量和血涂片等技术对其进行了分析。生物信息学结果显示, BCL10基因开放阅读框为738 bp, 编码245个氨基酸。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示, 感染病毒后草鱼体内BCL10表达量持续上调, 在肝胰腺和中肾中第4天达到峰值, 第7天表达量开始下调。血涂片显微镜观察发现了血液中淋巴细胞在感染病毒后第1到第4天下降, 第7天时上升。肾脏的组织病理学观察也发现中肾中肾小管上皮细胞第1到第7天逐渐空泡化, 脱落坏死。以上结果表明, BCL10基因参与了草鱼应对草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)入侵的免疫应答。     

草鱼Ⅲ型呼肠孤病毒NS66抗体制备及应用

[背景]草鱼Ⅲ型呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV genotypeⅢ) 104株可导致典型性草鱼出血病,对其编码片段的分析有望为临床免疫学检测提供依据。[目的]研究GCRV104株s6基因节段编码蛋白NS66的可能功能,制备良好的GCRV104株NS66蛋白多克隆抗体并分析其特异性。[方法]PCR方法扩增GCRV104株s6基因片段,并克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-3,转化到大肠杆菌BL21后用IPTG诱导表达,其产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定分析后,通过纯化获得目的蛋白。然后用纯化的pGEX-4T-3-NS66重组蛋白免疫小鼠,获得Anti pGEX-4T-3-NS66多克隆抗体,Western blot测定抗体效价,Western blotting和间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)鉴定抗体特异性。[结果]SDS-PAGE分析显示表达的重组蛋白约66 kD,大小与预期相符,主要存在于包涵体中;Western blotting测得制备的多克隆抗体效价大于1:50 000,Western blotting和IFA结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体能特异性识别GCRV104病毒。[结论]GCRV104病毒编码的非结构蛋白NS66可能参与了复制和组装过程,形成病毒包涵体,这为建立GCRV104免疫诊断方法及研究GCRV编码的NS66蛋白的功能奠定了前期基础。     

南方养殖草鱼呼肠孤病毒的分子特性比较及双重PCR检测方法的建立

本实验室2009年从广东省患典型出血病的养殖草鱼中分离到一株具强致病性的水生呼肠孤病毒GCRV-GD108株,该毒株具有11个节段双链RNA。全基因组序列分析显示与草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV及水生呼肠孤病毒属其它已知种存在较大的分子差异。本研究进一步检测了广东、福建、湖南等地草鱼出血病流行毒株的分子特性。根据已克隆到的GCRV-GD108株11个节段序列分别设计合成特异引物,从各地收集患出血病草鱼,提取组织总RNA,RT-PCR检测。结果表明各检测样品均可扩增到特异性条带,而GCRV标准株则无特异条带;同时根据GCRV标准株序列合成的特异引物进行扩增,GCRV标准株有特异性条带,而各检测样品则均无带。测序结果显示各样品间相应片段序列的同源性很高(95.2%~99.4%),与GCRV-GD108的相应序列也具高同源性(95.0%~99.8%),说明检测样品与GCRV-GD108株具有相似的分子特性,均与GCRV及水生呼肠孤病毒属的其它种存在较大差异。本研究结果提示我国养殖草鱼出血病病毒存在着不同的分子类型,GCRV-GD108株在南方具有一定的代表性,在病害防控上尤其是疫苗研制与使用上应予关注。此外,从上述引物中筛选出适合于双重PCR的引物对,建立了双重PCR检测方法,可在一次PCR反应中鉴别所感染的病毒属于GCRV或GCRV-GD108株。