云南苍山古蚤属一新种和怒山古蚤雄性的记述（蚤目;多毛蚤科）

本文记述采自云岭南端大理苍山多齿鼠鼹Ｎａｓｉｌｌｕｓ ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ的古蚤属一新种,即荫生古蚤Ｐａｑｌａｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａ ｏｐａｃｕｓａ ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ。和怒山古蚤Ｐａｌａｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａ ｎｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｇｏｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,１９９２的雄性形态,文中对古蚤属短额种团ｂｒｅｖｉｆｒｏｎｔａｔａ－ｇｒｏｕｐ的特征,主及其分布进行了讨论并列出了已知种的检索表。     

云南古蚤属一新种(蚤目：多毛蚤科)

我们于1992年4月和11月,在云岭山系的南端大理苍山两次采获一些古蚤属PalaeopsyllaWagner,1903标本,其中发现属于偏远古蚤种团（remotagroup）一新种。鼹古蚤Palaeopsyllatalpae新种（图1～4）鉴别特征：本新种（仅发现雄性）额突下骨化带较宽、第二颊柿刺通常呈剑状、第三颊林刺最长,端部呈细外状、第IX腹板端臂背缘近肘部无突起等特征应属偏远古蚤种团［‘－’j。比较而言：其前胸林利较直、共16根,第三颗柿刺中部膨大、可动突端部宽于基部,不动突具细纹等特征与贵真古蚤只hue士henae近缘而与其它种差异较大。与后者主要差别在于…     

高黎贡山古蚤属三新种记述：蚤目：多毛蚤科

本文报告高黎贡山古蚤属Palaeopsylla 3新种:宽指古蚤 P.laxiaigita sp.nov.,属鼩鼱种团soricis-group;多棘古蚤 P.palyspina sp.nov.,属偏远种团 remota-group;中突古蚤 P.mediminasp.nov.属短额种团brevifrontata-group。据新种形态与有关的种团特征作了比较和讨论。     

湖北西北部神农架古蚤属一新种(蚤目,栉眼蚤科)

记述从湖北省西北部神农架林区海拔2 300m捕获的短尾鼩Anourosorex squamipes体上采到的古蚤属Palaeopsylla Wagner,1903偏远种团remota-group 1新种,马氏古蚤Palaeopsylla mai sp.nov.,新种与偏远古蚤Palaeopsylla remota Jordan,1929、重凹古蚤P.recava Traub et Evans,1967、鼹古蚤P.talpae Gong et Feng,1997和贵真古蚤P.kueichenae Xie et Yang,1982相近,其主要不同在于变形节和阳茎端的构造.模式标本存放军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆.     

云南省古蚤属三新种(蚤目:多毛蚤科)

近年从云南西北部采到古蚤属(Palaeopsylla Wagner,1903)三个新种,按Lewis(1973)的划分均属于偏远古蚤种团P.remota-group,其中两个新种分别以我国蚤类学家柳支英和李贵真两教授命名,以对他们多年来对我们指教和鼓励表示敬意。全部正配副模存云南省流行病防治研究所。     

两种古蚤在我国的新纪录及雄性内曲古蚤形态记述

古蚤属(Palaeopsylla Wagner,1903)在我国迄今只有偏远古蚤(P.remota Jordan,1929)一种,报告自重庆(Jordan,1929)和台湾(Smit,1960)。著者今整理了自云南和成都采到的本属跳蚤,共计有3种,除偏远古蚤外,另有奇异古蚤(P.miranda Smit,1960)和内曲古蚤(P.incurva Jordan,1932),均系我国新记录。今将3种简述如下:     

四川省古蚤属两新种记述及对我国古蚤属的分类探讨(蚤目:多毛蚤科)

1960年10月间,从四川省黑水地区采到古蚤属(Palaeopsylla Wagner,1903)两个新种。本文除对新种记述外,还对本属的特征加以补充和修订;在属下建立一个新的组(group);并对我国迄今已知的八种古蚤编订一个分类检索表。     

我国西藏怪蚤属一新种及对该属的分类讨论(蚤目:细蚤科)

本文记述了怪蚤属一新种——长方怪蚤Paradoxopsyllus longiquadraius sp.nov.,其正模及配模标本采自西藏通麦,宿主为白腹巨鼠;在分类讨论中把我国已知的26种怪蚤划分为5个种团。     

基于16s rRNA序列的新蚤属二齿新蚤种团部分种类的分子系统发育关系

通过比较线粒体基因组16s rRNA基因片段的差异,研究了分布于我国的二齿新蚤种团(bidentatiformis group)7种新蚤的分子系统发育关系,以斯氏新蚤种团的特新蚤作为外群。结果显示,其中5个种 (Neopsylla bidentatiformis、N. mana、N. pleski、N. teratura和N. hongyangensis) 的种间序列差异小于1%,变异水平和种内变异相当,显示了它们之间较近的亲缘关系;N. abagaitui和上述5种之间有约4%的变异,说明该种有较长的分化历史。来自两个地区的二齿新蚤4个样本间有两种不同的基因型,而红羊新蚤可以归入其中的一种。加上形态特征的特点,可以认为红羊新蚤不应该属于毛新蚤种团,而属于二齿新蚤种团;至于其是否为二齿新蚤的同种异名,还有必要做进一步的研究。另外,N. siboi和形态近缘种N. teratura之间存在20%的变异,其原因有待进一步研究。     

云南怒山古蚤属一新种：（蚤目：多毛蚤科）

本文报道了1988年10月从滇西北怒山山脉东坡(约东经98°87′,北纬27°55′;海拔3,300m)的多齿鼩鼹Nasillus gracills体上所采获的古蚤属Palaeopsylla Wagner,1903一新种。它属于短额种团brevifrontata-group。主要特征是额内骨化带近口角部份不显著突起,第1颊栉末端尖和第3颊栉的针状突特长以及第Ⅶ—Ⅷ腹板的形状等,可与其它近缘种区分。     

Fleas of small mammals and birds in the forest-park area of the city of Novosibirsk

The distribution of fleas of small mammals and birds in the nidi of tick-borne encephalitis was analysed. 23 species were recorded from the forest-park zone. Palaeopsylla soricis starki, Amalaraeus penicilliger penicilliger, Megabothris rectangulatus, Ctenophthalmus assimilis, Hystrichopsylla talpae were dominant. They amounted to 90% of the total number of fleas. The greatest species variety of fleas was noted in afforested low-lying parts with rich species composition of hosts.     

Seasonal dynamics of a flea number (Siphonaptera) on the common shrew (Sorex araneus) in the north part of the Novgorod oblast

In the course of 5-year stationary investigations of the common shrew Sorex araneus in the north part of the Novgorod oblast, 12 flea species have been recorded on this host. Among them, Palaeopsylla soricis and Doratopsilla dasycnema are specific parasites of small insectivores, including the common shrew. Hystrichopsylla talpae is a polyxenous species, parasitizing both rodents and insectivores. Other 9 flea species are not common parasites of S. araneus and apparently have come to this host from other mammal species inhabiting the forest biotopes in the area of investigation. P. soricis and D. dasycnema have similar phenology of parasitism. These fleas appear in spring (April), are present during summer and autumn and disappear in winter. During a year, the abundance of these species shows three pikes, which correspond to three generations: spring (April), summer (June-July) and autumn (September-October) generation. The first species dominates in spring (April-May) and in the autumn-winter period, while the second species predominates in summer. These two species comprise over 90% of total number of fleas collected and determine general dynamics of the flea number on the shrews; during the year the flea number has a sinusoidal increasing from spring to autumn and minimum in winter.     

中国云南部分人间鼠疫流行区蚤类区系调查(英文)

归纳了中国云南 13个人间鼠疫流行区的调查资料 ,对调查疫区的蚤类区系进行了研究。总计捕获12 0 77只小兽 ,隶属啮齿目、食虫目及攀目 3个目中的 9科、2 9属、4 7种。从小兽体表共采获 9369只蚤 ,经分类鉴定 ,隶属 5科、18属、33种。 33种蚤及 4 7种小兽宿主均按其分类阶元详细列于文末。结果表明 ,山区蚤及小兽宿主的种数明显多于坝区。坝区农耕地的优势种相对简单 ,优势种地位突出 ,黄胸鼠及印鼠客蚤分别是最重要的宿主及蚤种 (构成比分别为 83 2 7%和 75 32 % )。山区的优势种相对较复杂 ,优势种的种类较多 ,但其构成比较低 ( 10 96%～ 4 7 95% )。黄胸鼠及绒鼠为山区地带的两种优势宿主 ,缓慢细蚤、端凹栉眼蚤、印鼠客蚤、偏远古蚤及短突栉眼蚤为山区地带的 5种优势蚤种。多数蚤种可寄生两种以上的小兽宿主 ,但其所寄生的主要宿主并不多。结果提示 ,作为疫区主要媒介的印鼠客蚤及其所对应的主要寄生宿主 (黄胸鼠 )在坝区突出的优势种地位 ,似可解释近年疫区的鼠疫病人主要出现在坝区的原因     

The seasonal dynamics of fleas (Siphonaptera) on bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in the north part of Novgorod region

The twelve flea species were revealed on bank voles. Only four of them (Amalaraeus penicillige, Ctenophthalmus uncinatus, Megabothris turbidus, Peromescopsylla bidentata) were abundant in some seasons of the year. Four other species (Ct. agyrtes, Hystrichopsylla talpae, P. silvatica, Rhadinopsylla integella) are the parasites of bank vole too but their numbers were always low in the study area. The four last species (Amphypsylla rossica, M. walkeri, Doratopsylla dasycnema, Palaeopsylla soricis) are not peculiar to bank vole. They occurs on it occasionally from other animals--the voules of Mucrotus and shrews. The most species diversity of fleas on bank vole was observed at the period from August to October, the least one--in late winter, spring and early summer. The total abundance indices of fleas on the voles (mean number of the insects per host) ranged in different months from 0.17 to 5.65. The time of minimum flea numbers was August-September. The peak abundance was reached in springtime (March-April).     

Species composition, host association and niche differentiation in fleas of small mammals in the Ilmen-Volkhov lowland

Species composition, abundance, annual cycles, and host association of fleas parasitizing small mammals were investigated. The problem of niche differentiation in these insects is considered on the base of the comparative analysis of their annual cycles. The annual cycles of the fleas are revealed to be similar in the case of few number of flea species in parasite community. Thus, two species parasitizing Sorex araneus (Doratopsylla dasycnema and Palaeopsylla soricis), as well as three species associated with Apodemus uralensis (Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, and Ct. uncinatus) have equal phenology of parasitizing. The fleas community of Clethrionomys glareolus is characterized by a large species number and high diversity of the annual cycles. The differentiation by the seasons of parasitizing is observed most clearly in the dominant flea species, namely Amalaraeus penicilliger, Ct. uncinatus, and Peromyscopsylla bidentata. The periods of imaginal life are overlapped significanly in these species, but they are differed by the season of dominance. Ct. uncinatus predominates in spring and summer, while P. bidentata predominates in autumn, and A. penicilliger predominates in winter and early spring. It may be noted also, that niche partitioning was not observed in the fleas having wide range of hosts. The imaginal life of such fleas usually does not go beyond the warm season.     

Zum auftreten von Kleinsäuger-Flöhen auf ihren wirten in Abhängigkeit von Jahreszeit und Höhenstufen

Zusammenfassung Die jahreszeitlich und höhenabhängigen Veränderungen des Flohbefalls alpiner Kleinsäuger werden dargestellt. Die Daten basieren auf einer in 3 Untersuchungsgebieten Tirols zwischen 1966 und 1969 durchgeführten Untersuchung in verschiedenen Höhenstufen der Alpen (625 Muridae und Soricidae, 1136 Siphonaptera). Durch den Vergleich der Aufsammlungen aus Tallagen und aus der subalpinen-alpinen Stufe sowie aus den verschiedenen Jahreszeiten können für einige Arten (z. B. Doratopsylla dasycnema, Palaeopsylla soricis, Ctenophthalmus orphilus, Amphipsylla sibirica sepifera, Peromyscopsylla bidentata und P. fallax) nähere Einzelheiten über deren Abundanzmaxima gegeben werden. Die Kleinsäuger der subalpinen-alpinen Stufe erwiesen sich als weniger befallen als die der Talregion, in der warmen Jahreszeit war die Flohausbeute reichhaltiger als während der Wintermonate. Die Befallsextensität und-intensität war bei Soriciden erheblich größer als bei den Muriden.

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The flea infestation of small alpine mammals and its dependence on the time of the year and altitude

Summary The infestation of small alpine mammals with fleas during the year and at different altitudes was investigated. The data are based on an investigation carried out between 1966 and 1969 in Tirol (Austria) in different altitudinal zones of the alps, 1136 fleas having been collected from 625 insectivores and rodents. By comparing the collections from the lower and higher regions and from different seasons of the year details of the pattern of distribution can be given for some species of fleas (e.g. for Doratopsylla dasycnema, Palaeopsylla soricis, Ctenophthalmus orphilus, Amphipsylla sibirica sepifera, Peromyscopsylla bidentata, P. fallax). The hosts in the subalpine and alpine zone proved to be less infested by fleas than the mammals of the lower regions, during the warm season the hosts harboured more parasites than during winter. Extensiveness and intensity of infestation were constantly higher in Soricidae than in Muridae.

     

中国裸齿角石蛾属二新种及一新纪录种(毛翅目,齿角石蛾科)

描述了裸齿角石蛾属2新种,二叉裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta bicruris sp.nov.和小叶裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta paulula sp.nov.;及1新纪录种,加氏裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta jaroschi Malicky,1995。新种及新纪录种模式标本保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Monocercus dokuchaevi sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae)--a new species of cestodes from shrews of the North-Eastern Asia

A new cestode species, Monocercus dokuchaevi sp. n. is described from shrews of the genus Sorex from the Middle Kolyma plateau (Magadan Province). The new species is most closer to M. soricis (Neiland, 1953) by having regular alteration of genital atriums in the short strobila (up to 10 mm only). The size of rostellar hooks in M. dokuchaevi is intermedial between those in M. soricis and M. arioni (Sibold, 1850). In Monocercus dokuchaevi, the length of rostellar hooks is 0.038-0.045 mm (average 0.045 mm), in M. arioni, average is 0.05 mm, in M. soricis, limits are 0.027-0.033 mm. Two other species of the genus, M. baicalensis Eltyshev, 1971 and M. estavarensis Euzet et Jourdan, 1968, have much longer rostellar hooks, 0.07-0.08 and 0.092-0.106 mm, respectively, whereas the genital atriums in these species are altered irregularly.     

宁夏古蚤属一新种记述(蚤目,栉眼蚤科)

记述栉眼蚤科Ctenophthalmidae Rothschild,古蚤属Palaeopsylla Wagner,19031新种,标本采自宁夏六盘山自然保护区短尾鼩Anourosorex sp.体上,模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆和宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心。