Bacteroides Infection among Hospital Patients

In an 18-month period a total of 118 isolates of Bacteroides species, mainly Bacteroides fragilis, were grown from 112 hospital patients with various conditions. The infections were severe and were associated with serious operations such as intestinal surgery for carcinoma and postpartum hysterectomy. Blood cultures were often found to be positive too late in the course of infection for prompt and successful antibiotic therapy to be given. All the Bacteroides species tested were sensitive to clindamycin and co-trimoxazole. We suggest that clindamycin should be added to an empirical antibiotic regimen for the treatment of patients prone to the infection.     

R Factors in Hospital Infection

In order to assess the clinical importance of R factors 524 “coliform” infections were studied in a general hospital. Of these, 95 were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the remaining 429, 43% were caused by drug-resistant enterobacteria; resistance was frequently multiple and determined by transmissible R factors. Choice of therapy was thus limited but in every case at least one antibiotic, effective in vitro, was still available.     

传染病医院血液净化中心的医院感染管理

目的：探讨传染病医院血液净化中心的医院感染管理方法。方法：我院血液净化中心自2010年1月～2012年1月加强医院感染管理,制定了相关的制度及规范,现对感染管理措施进行总结分析,并统计医院感染发生率。结果：通过加强血液净化中心的医院感染管理,可有效防止医院感染的发生,医院感染的发生率为11.68%。结论：完善医院管理制度和规范,制定严格的管理措施,提高医务人员风险意识等可有效提高医院感染的管理水平,预防医院感染的发生。     

The Influence of Ward Ventilation on Hospital Cross Infection

S ummary : A ventilation system combining fresh air intake with recirculation of ward air, through an electrostatic air filter, was introduced into a ward in which it had been shown that poor ventilation was a major factor in its high cross infection rate. A considerable reduction in bacterial air contamination and in the cross infection rate in that ward was achieved.     

Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole: Comparative Study in Urinary Infection in Hospital

Trimethoprim is inhibitory for a wide range of bacteria, and when used in combination with a sulphonamide marked synergy has been reported.In order to test its value in the treatment of urinary infections 154 hospital patients with infections of varying severity and due to a wide range of organisms were treated with combinations of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Combinations of these substances in two different ratios (2:1 and 10:1) were used in 113 patients, and one week after the end of treatment about three-quarters were cured by both combinations. In a second study 106 patients were treated with a sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination (5:1), ampicillin, or sulphadimidine. The cure rate with the 5:1 combination was higher than that found with ampicillin or sulphadimidine both one week after finishing treatment (sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 85%, ampicillin 70%, sulphadimidine 40%) and at the fourth- to fifth-week follow-up (sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 67%, ampicillin 52%, sulphadimidine 15%).The results obtained with the various sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim combinations did not indicate that a particular ratio was superior for treating urinary infections in general or for those caused by any particular species of organism.Laboratory studies showed that many bacteria causing urinary infections in hospital were sensitive to trimethoprim, and the therapeutic results could have been largely predicted from a knowledge of the in-vitro sensitivity tests to trimethoprim alone. For example, sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim in the treatment of Proteus mirabilis infections was less successful than in those due to Escherichia coli, and this finding was clearly reflected in the higher minimal inhibitory concentrations for trimethoprim of Pr. mirabilis.The sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim combination was simple to administer, free from side-effects, and gave satisfactory results in the treatment of urinary infections that occurred in hospital patients.     

基层医院检验科的医院感染管理工作

目的:预防和控制检验科医院感染的发生,提高基层医院检验科工作人员医院感染防控意识。方法:通过查找最近5年的相关资料及工作实践,总结目前工作中存在的问题,提出预防基层医院检验科医院感染的管理措施。结果:基层医院检验科存在实验室设置不合理、空气污染严重、工作人员自我保护意识差、防护措施不到位、交叉感染控制不严格、对医院感染重要性认识不足以及医疗废弃物处置不规范等问题,均是造成检验科医院感染的重要因素。结论:基层医院检验科预防医院感染管理的主要措施是加强实验室环境管理、建立健全检验科消毒管理制度、建立健全医疗废弃物管理条例以及职业暴露应急处理措施、加强人员管理、提高检验科工作人员生物防护意识、加强医院感染监督管理等。检验科各项规章制度的有效落实是保证医疗安全的关键,加强管理并做好感染防控知识的培训可有效预防和控制检验科医院感染的发生。