主要农作物转基因研究现状和展望

近15年来,大豆、水稻、玉米、小麦等主要农作物转基因研究取得了较大进展,几乎各种遗传转化方法在这些作物上都取得了成功,尤其是农杆菌介导法,不仅在难转化的双子叶作物大豆上取得了成功,而且在单子叶作物水稻、玉米、小麦上先后取得了突破。同时,将一些与重要性状改良有关的外源基因转入了主要农作物,包括抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂、抗逆、品质改良、发育调控、营养吸收等。转基因大豆、玉米、棉花、油菜在生产上得到了大面积种植,产生了极大的经济效益,2004年全球转基因作物的种植面积达到了8100万公顷。本文对大豆、玉米、水稻和小麦等主要农作物转基因研究历史和产业化现状进行了综述,并对主要农作物转基因研究中存在的问题进行了分析。     

鱼类转基因研究

本文综述了鱼类转基因研究的意义、鱼类基因转移研究的特点、转基因鱼的构建及检测技术、我国鱼类转基因研究的进展和鱼类基因转移研究中存在的主要问题。     

利用转基因植物生产口服疫苗的研究现状

本文概述了利用转基因植物生产口服疫苗的研究现状,分别对转基因植物生产口服疫苗的优点、作用原理,研究方法,已研究的口服疫苗及问题和前景进行了介绍。     

转基因鸡研究现状及其展望

自1987年美国农业部地区家禽研究所(USDA,ARS,Regional Poultry Research Laboratory)成功地得到转基因鸡以来,有关研究已引起学术界和产业界的浓厚兴趣。今年6月25日至6月28日在美国康乃尔大学召开的第二届动物遗传工程国际学术讨论会上提交大会交流的20篇论文中,转基因鸡及有关研究就占了6篇。与其他转基因动物的研究相比较,转基因鸡的研究有其重要意义。     

含四个串联核酶和GFP基因的转基因质粒的构建

以含绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的质粒pSK100-DS、含切割对虾杆状病毒基因的核酶Rz1的质粒pRGRz1、含核酶Rz2的质粒pRGRz2和转基因空质粒pcDNA3为基础,把绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因克隆于pcDNA3的SV40启动了下面,由SV40启动子控制含四个两种核酸基因的四联体克隆于pcDNA3的多克隆位点区,由T7启动子控制,构建成含两个Rz1、两个Rz2和GFP基因的转基因质粒pGTR,以用于转基因抗病毒对虾的研究.     

代谢转基因植物的研究现状与展望

代谢转基因是通过基因工程技术对细胞内的代谢途径进行遗传修饰,进而完成细胞特性改造。代谢修饰转基因植物是一个极具商业前景的领域,在医药、环境、农业等方面已有许多成功应用的实例。综合调控代谢的基因工程策略,讨论了代谢转基因植物的研究现状,我国农业生产中存在的主要问题和代谢转基因技术对我国农业发展的意义和前景。     

对虾病毒病研究现状

对虾病毒病已严重危害世界对虾养殖业的发展,引起国内外学者的广泛关注。对近几年来对虾病毒病的研究现状和动态进行了概述,重点介绍了杆状病毒科(Baculoviridae)、细小病毒科(Parvoviridae)、呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)、虹彩病毒科(Iridoviridae)、小RNA病毒科(Picornaviridae)、弹状病毒科(Rhabdoviridae)、被膜病毒科(Togaviridae)等几个科15种对虾病毒的特征、临床症状、病理特征、宿主范围和主要检测方法;对病毒病的传播途径、防治措施和存在的问题也进行了简要介绍。     

含四个串联核酶和GFP基因的转基因质粒的构建

以含绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的质粒pSK100-DS、含切割对虾杆状病毒基因的核酶Rz1的质粒pRGRzl、含核酶Rz2的质粒pRGRz2和转基因空质粒pcDNA3为基础,把绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因克隆于pcDNA3的SV40启动了下面,由SV40启动子控制,含四个两种核酸基因的四联体克隆于pcDNA3的多克隆位点区,由T7启动子控制,构建成含两个Rz1、两个Rz2和GFP基因的转基因质粒pGTR,以用于转基因抗病毒对虾的研究。     

大豆转基因的研究进展

大豆转基因操作中常用的再生受体系统有：器官发生受体系统,体细胞胚胎发生受体系统,原生质体受体系统,以及所使用的转基因方法： 直菌介导法,基因枪法,PEG法等,并对今后大豆转基因存在的一些技术问题进行了探讨。     

Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China

In this review,the author summarized the current status,challenges,and strategies in China in the development oftransgenic plants and its commercialization,Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution ofthe National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years,the priorities andkey directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.     

Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China

In this review, the author summarized the current status, challenges, and strategies in China in the development of transgenic plants and its commercialization. Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution of the National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years, the priorities and key directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.     

转基因动物应用的研究现状与发展前景

转基因动物的迅速发展使医药、农业、环保、生物材料等领域发生了巨大变革。综述了国际和国内转基因动物在这些领域中的研究历史、现状和产业化进展,同时也预测了转基因动物应用的发展前景以及给社会带来的深远影响。     

小麦遗传转化研究进展

小麦作为最重要的3大禾谷作物之一,其离体培养具有很强的惰性,再生频率与水稻、玉米相比要低一些,目前大多通过对基因型和外植体的选择来达到植株的高频再生分化,因此其遗传转化就远远滞后于水稻和玉米,更不用说与其它双子叶植物相比了.重点综述了小麦转基因技术和外源基因在小麦中的遗传转化研究现状,其内容包括几种主要的小麦转基因方法和以基因枪法为主的各种转化技术对品质基因、抗除草剂基因和抗病等基因在小麦中的遗传转化研究进展,并对存在的一些问题进行了简要的论述.     

Thermophilic Hydrogen Production from Renewable Resources: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered an alternative fuel of the future due to its high energy density and non-polluting nature. H₂ energy provides many advantages over fossil fuels in that it is renewable, eco-friendly, and efficient. The global demand for H₂ is increasing significantly; however, matching the supply of cost-competitive H₂ to meet the current demand is a major technological barrier. H₂ can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and serve as a raw material for the synthesis of many industrially important chemicals. The use of thermophilic bacteria for biological production of H₂ appears to be a promising alternative route to the current H₂ production technologies. However, the carbon and H₂ production metabolisms in most thermophilic bacteria have not yet been completely understood. This paper summarizes the recent research progress made toward understanding the carbon utilization for H₂ production and developing gene manipulation techniques to enhance the H₂ production capabilities in thermophilic bacteria. It reviews the current status, future directions and opportunities that thermophiles can offer to enable a cost-competitive and environmentally benign H₂ production bioprocess.     

植物空间诱变育种的现状与展望

本文在简要回顾植物空间诱变育种历史的基础上,论述了植物空间诱变育种的机理,植物在高真空、微重力、强辐射、交变磁场及其他因素的综合作用下产生变异和植物空间诱变育种效应以及突变性状的遗传;全面综述了空间诱变育种在中国作物新品种、特异优良种质材料的创新中取得的成就.最后对未来植物空间诱变育种的应用前景进行了展望,并指出空间诱变技术开创了植物育种的又一新途径.     

Strategies for Analysis of the Glycosylation of Proteins: Current Status and Future Perspectives

More than half of human proteins are glycosylated by a bewildering array of complex and heterogeneous N- and O-linked glycans. They function in myriad biological processes, including cell adhesion and signalling and influence the physical characteristics, stability, function, activity and immunogenicity of soluble glycoproteins. A single protein may be glycosylated differently to yield heterogenous glycoforms. Glycosylation analysis is of increasing interest in biomedical and biological research, the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry and biotechnology. This is because it is increasingly apparent that glycosylation changes in diseases, such as cancer, making it a promising target for development of clinically useful biomarkers and therapeutics. Furthermore, as the non-human cells employed in expression systems glycosylate their proteins very differently to human cells, and as glycosylation changes unpredictably under changing environmental conditions, glycans analysis for quality control, optimum efficacy and safety of recombinant glycoproteins destined for human therapeutic use is paramount. The complexities of carbohydrate chemistry make analysis challenging and while there are a variety of robust methodologies available for glycan analysis, there is currently a pressing need for the development of new, streamlined, high throughput approaches accessible to non-specialist laboratories.