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微生物共培养研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微生物是天然先导药物的重要来源之一。鉴于微生物间的自然相互作用、模拟微生物种群间营养和空间竞争是诱导产生活性次生代谢产物的主要途径,微生物共培养已经成为提高生产效价和发现新化合物的重要方法,是工业、农业、医药、食品及环保等领域的热点问题。本文综述了国内外关于微生物共培养的研究报道,包括微生物之间生态学关系、共培养微生物产生的活性次生代谢产物、微生物共培养的应用等。共培养能丰富微生物化学多样性,是应用微生物学和天然产物化学研究的新方向。 相似文献
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真菌是最具生物多样性的类群之一,也是一系列小分子活性化合物的重要来源.近年来,发现新结构、新活性的次生代谢产物超过50%来源于真菌.因此深度挖掘真菌中天然活性化合物,既是研究热点,也将为药物研发提供必要的基础,并具有重要的科学意义.基于基因组测序技术及信息生物学的发展,结合传统方法,深入了解近几年挖掘真菌次生代谢产物的策略,了解相关真菌次生代谢的生物合成及调控机制,可以为新活性、新骨架化合物的发现以及隐性次级代谢物的激活提供理论基础.最终可以精准研究或多种策略结合,对目标菌株开展深入系统地研究. 相似文献
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《天然产物研究与开发》2019,(11)
海洋微生物因其独特的生境和代谢途径,能够产生结构新颖且具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种生物活性的代谢产物,从而成为新活性化合物的重要源泉,并在新药物开发领域中越来越受到重视。但微生物来源的活性产物产量普遍较低,需要通过发酵优化提高其产量,为后续深入研究和开发提供物质基础。因此,本文根据化学分类介绍了来源于海洋微生物的活性化合物及其发酵条件优化,以期为其他海洋微生物资源的挖掘与利用提供相应的参考。 相似文献
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《天然产物研究与开发》2017,(4)
随着海洋药物及其药物先导化合物研究的不断深入,海绵来源微生物,因其种类繁多、代谢产物复杂多样,引发了科研工作者的兴趣。许多化合结构新颖、具有强烈生物活性的化合物从海绵来源真菌中发现,包括多肽、生物碱、聚酮类、萜类等。本文仅就近几年来所报道的海绵来源真菌新天然产物的结构类型及其生物活性做简要介绍。 相似文献
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吴兆圆柯少勇方伟王开梅 《天然产物研究与开发》2022,(5):899-907
天然产物在新农药研究与开发中发挥着重要作用,氨基酸是其中一类重要的天然活性物质。天然来源氨基酸广泛存在于植物和微生物中,其中一些氨基酸具有显著的农药活性,包括除草、植物生长调节、杀细菌、杀真菌、杀虫、杀螨及杀线虫。本文通过对近三十年国内外文献检索,对天然来源氨基酸的结构多样性及其农药活性进行了系统综述,为新农药的研究开发提供参考。 相似文献
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微生物次级代谢产物是药物先导化合物的重要源泉之一。随着测序技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的微生物基因组得以测序完成。伴随着测序技术的进步,生物信息学也得到了快速发展。基因组序列分析发现,链霉菌和丝状真菌等微生物中存在大量的已知的或未知的次级代谢物生物合成基因簇(secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters,SM-BGCs)。然而,在实验室培养条件下大部分基因簇无法表达或表达量很低,导致难以发现这些基因簇所对应的代谢产物,人们将这类基因簇称为“隐性基因簇”或“沉默基因簇”。通过调节基因簇中特异调控基因或基因簇外全局性调控基因的表达,对代谢途径的定向改造,以及将基因簇导入异源宿主等策略,能够激活部分隐性基因簇的表达。通过激活隐性基因簇的表达,能够发现通过常规实验室培养无法获得的具有独特生物活性的新结构代谢产物,成为创新药物的重要来源之一。然而,这些基因簇激活策略都严重依赖于对特定菌株或宿主的遗传操作。近年来,通过模拟自然混合培养中微生物间相互作用,开发了通过混合特定微生物菌株在厌氧或好氧条件下激活隐性基因簇的方法,称之为共培养激活策略。这种策略不... 相似文献
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Polyketides are a large group of natural biomolecules that are normally produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. These molecules have clinical importance due to their anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyketides are biosynthesized from units of acyl-CoA by different polyketide synthases (PKSs), which display wide diversity of functional domains and mechanisms of action between fungi and bacteria. Co-culture of different micro-organisms can produce novel products distinctive from those produced during single cultures. This study compared the new polyketides produced in such co-culture systems and discusses aspects of the cultivation systems, product structures and identification techniques. Current results indicate that the formation of new polyketides may be the result of activation of previously silent PKSs genes induced during co-culture. This review indicated a potential way to produce pure therapeutic polyketides by microbial fermentation and a potential way to develop functional foods and agricultural products using co-co-culture of different micro-organisms. It also pointed out a new perspective for studies on the process of functional foods, especially those involving multiple micro-organisms. 相似文献
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With the development of metabolic engineering, employment of a selected microbial host for accommodation of a designed biosynthetic pathway to produce a target compound has achieved tremendous success in the past several decades. Yet, increasing requirements for sophisticated microbial biosynthesis call for establishment and application of more advanced metabolic engineering methodologies. Recently, important progress has been made towards employing more than one engineered microbial strains to constitute synthetic co-cultures and modularizing the biosynthetic labor between the co-culture members in order to improve bioproduction performance. This emerging approach, referred to as modular co-culture engineering in this review, presents a valuable opportunity for expanding the scope of the broad field of metabolic engineering. We highlight representative research accomplishments using this approach, especially those utilizing metabolic engineering tools for microbial co-culture manipulation. Key benefits and major challenges associated with modular co-culture engineering are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Fabian Mittermeier Miriam Bäumler Prasika Arulrajah José de Jesús García Lima Sebastian Hauke Anna Stock Dirk Weuster-Botz 《Engineering in Life Science》2023,23(1):e2100152
The application of artificial microbial consortia for biotechnological production processes is an emerging field in research as it offers great potential for the improvement of established as well as the development of novel processes. In this review, we summarize recent highlights in the usage of various microbial consortia for the production of, for example, platform chemicals, biofuels, or pharmaceutical compounds. It aims to demonstrate the great potential of co-cultures by employing different organisms and interaction mechanisms and exploiting their respective advantages. Bacteria and yeasts often offer a broad spectrum of possible products, fungi enable the utilization of complex lignocellulosic substrates via enzyme secretion and hydrolysis, and microalgae can feature their abilities to fixate CO2 through photosynthesis for other organisms as well as to form lipids as potential fuelstocks. However, the complexity of interactions between microbes require methods for observing population dynamics within the process and modern approaches such as modeling or automation for process development. After shortly discussing these interaction mechanisms, we aim to present a broad variety of successfully established co-culture processes to display the potential of artificial microbial consortia for the production of biotechnological products. 相似文献
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Microbial ultraviolet sunscreens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Exposure to the shortest wavelengths in sunlight, ultraviolet light, constitutes a deleterious ecological factor for many microorganisms. The use of secondary metabolites as sunscreens has emerged as an important photoprotective mechanism in certain groups of large-celled microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, fungi and many protists. In this Review, we describe our current understanding of microbial 'sunscreen' compounds, including scytonemin, the mycosporines and the naphthalene-based melanins. Study of these sunscreens has led to the discovery of new classes of compounds, new metabolic pathways, a deeper understanding of microbial photobiology and the potential for dermatological or biomedical applications. 相似文献
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《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2000,45(1-2):57-88
Over the past 30 years, research on the microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has resulted in the isolation of numerous genera of bacteria, fungi and algae capable of degrading low molecular weight PAHs (compounds containing three or less fused benzene rings). High molecular weight PAHs (compounds containing four or more fused benzene rings) are generally recalcitrant to microbial attack, although some fungi and algae are capable of transforming these compounds. Until recently, only a few genera of bacteria have been isolated with the ability to utilise four-ring PAHs as sole carbon and energy sources while cometabolism of five-ring compounds has been reported. The focuss of this review is on the high molecular weight PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). There is concern about the presence of BaP in the environment because of its carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and toxicity. BaP has been observed to accumulate in marine organisms and plants which could indirectly cause human exposure through food consumption. This review provides an outline of the occurrence of BaP in the environment and the ability of bacteria, fungi and algae to degrade the compound, including pathways for BaP degradation by these organisms. In addition, approaches for improving microbial degradation of BaP are discussed. 相似文献
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Halve AK Bhashkar B Sharma V Bhadauria R Kankoriya A Soni A Tiwari K 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2008,23(1):77-81
The increasing clinical importance of drug resistant microbial pathogens has lent additional urgency to microbiological research and new antimicrobial compound development. For this purpose, a new series of 3-[phenyldiazenyl] benzaldehyde N-phenylthiosemicarbazones were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activity. The reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-[phenyldiazenyl] benzaldehyde (I) with N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (II) were carried out in DMF. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized target compounds (III) were evaluated by screening on different human pathogens using the disc diffusion assay. All the compounds exhibited considerable inhibition against the bacteria and fungi tested. 相似文献
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《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(9):103376
Human infectious diseases caused by various microbial pathogens, in general, impact a large population of individuals every year. These microbial diseases that spread quickly remain to be a big issue in various health-related domains and to withstand the negative drug impacts, the antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microbial organisms (pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi) have developed a variety of resistance processes against many antimicrobial drug classes. During the COVID-19 outbreak, there seems to be an upsurge in drug and multidrug resistant-associated pathogenic microbial species. The preponderance of existing antimicrobials isn’t completely effective, which limits their application in clinical settings. Several naturally occurring chemicals produced from bacteria, plants, animals, marine species, and other sources are now being studied for antimicrobial characteristics. These natural antimicrobial compounds extracted from different sources have been demonstrated to be effective against a variety of diseases, although plants remain the most abundant source. These compounds have shown promise in reducing the microbial diseases linked to the development of drug tolerance and resistance. This paper offers a detailed review of some of the most vital and promising natural compounds and their derivatives against various human infectious microbial organisms. The inhibitory action of different natural antimicrobial compounds, and their possible mechanism of antimicrobial action against a range of pathogenic fungal and bacterial organisms, is provided. The review will be useful in refining current antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) medicines as well as establishing new treatment strategies to tackle the rising number of human bacterial and fungal-associated infections. 相似文献