Studies on the subcellular distribution of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase,K+-stimulated ATPase and HCO3−-stimulated ATPase activities in malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria L.

The present study confirms previous reports of the presence of (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase and anion-stimulated ATPase activity in Malpighian tubules of Locusta. In addition, the presence of a K⁺-stimulated, ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity has been identified in microsomal fractions. Differential and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation of homogenates has been used to separate membrane fractions which are rich in mitochondria, apical membranes and basolateral membranes; as indicated by the presence of succinate dehydrogenase and the presence or absence of non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, respectively. Relatively high specific (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase activity was associated with the basolateral membrane-rich fractions with only low levels of this activity being associated with the apical membrane-rich preparation. K⁺-stimulated ATPase activity was also associated, predominantly, with the basolateral membrane-rich fractions. However, comparison of the distribution of this activity with that of the (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase suggests that the two enzymes did not co-separate. The possibility that the K⁺-stimulated ATPase was not associated with the basolateral plasma membrane is discussed.Anion-stimulated ATPase activity was found in the apical and basolateral membrane-rich fractions and in the fraction contaning mainly mitochondria. Nevertheless, the fact that this bicarbonate-stimulated activity did not co-separate with succinate dehydrogenase activity suggests that it was not exclusively mitochondrial in origin. These results are consistent with physiological studies indicating a basolateral (Na⁺ + K⁺)-ATPase but do not support the K⁺-stimulated ATPase as a candidate for the apical electrogenic pump. The possible role of the bicarbonate-stimulated ATPase activity in ion transport across both the basolateral and apical cell membranes is discussed.     

ATPase的研究进展

ＡＴＰａｓｅ的研究进展李宏（渝州大学生物系,重庆市６３００３３）细胞膜转运作用有些是需要加入能量的,一般称主动转运。主动转运需要通过偶联反应加入自由能,而被动转运则是自然发生,不需要加入能量．主动转运与复杂扩散不同之点在于代谢物或离子越过膜的作用是逆...     

ATPase与植物抗盐性

本文综述了高等植物细胞ATPase在盐胁迫下的活性变化及其调控机制。V型H+_ATPase与细胞离子区隔化和植物抗盐性密切相关。盐胁迫提高抗盐植物液泡膜H+_ATPase活性,主要是通过增加V型H+_ATPase主要功能亚基的基因表达以及蛋白质合成。盐胁迫通常降低质膜H+-ATPase活性,很可能是由于酶蛋白质合成受阻,质膜H+-ATPase活性的变化与盐胁迫的强度和时间长短有关。此外,本文还对ABA和Ca2+-CaM等胁迫信号物质对ATPase活性的调控及其与植物抗盐性的关系进行了总结。研究ATPase对盐胁迫的响应和调控机制,有助于阐明植物的盐生境适应机制,也有利于植物的抗盐育种工作。     

ATPase 与植物抗盐性

 本文综述了高等植物细胞ATPase在盐胁迫下的活性变化及其调控机制。V型H+_ATPase与细胞离子区隔化和植物抗盐性密切相关。盐胁迫提高抗盐植物液泡膜H+_ATPase活性, 主要是通过增加V型H+_ATPase主要功能亚基的基因表达以及蛋白质合成。盐胁迫通常降低质膜H+-ATPase活性, 很可能是由于酶蛋白质合成受阻, 质膜H+-ATPase活性的变化与盐胁迫的强度和时间长短有关。此外, 本 文还对ABA和Ca2+-CaM等胁迫信号物质对ATPase活性的调控及其与植物抗盐性的关系进行了总结。研究ATPase对盐胁迫的响应和调控机制, 有助于阐明植物的盐生境适应机制, 也有利于植物的抗盐育种工作。     

拟除虫菊酯对家蝇Ca—ATPase和Ca—Mg—ATPase的抑制作用

通过对家蝇神经系统的Ca-ATPase、Ca-Mg-ATPase性质的研究,表明Ca-ATPase、Ca-Mg-AT-Pase反应的适宜pH值分别为7.0-8.5和6.5。适温皆为35-40℃;底物（ATP）最适浓度均为0.5mmol/L。比较测定了家蝇三个品系中两种ATPase的活性及拟除虫菊酯对该酶的抑制作用,实验证明,敏感与Del-R、2Cl-R品系间Ca-ATPase、Ca-Mg-ATPase活力无明显的差异。溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯可部分地抑制敏感品系家蝇Ca-ATPase活性,而对拟除虫菊酯抗性品系Ca-ATPase无抑制作用,从而证明,Del-R、2Cl-B品系Ca-ATPase对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性已明显降低,这可能能是击倒抗性机制之一。实验还表明,拟除虫菊酯对Ca-Mg-ATPase基本上无抑制作用,这说明在家蝇中,Ca-Mg-ATPase并不是拟除虫菊酯的一个靶标位点。     

长爪沙鼠ATPase8,ATPase6,COX3基因的克隆及序列分析

目的对长爪沙鼠线粒体ATPase8,ATPase6,COX3基因全序列进行测定,并对其进行鉴定及进化分析。方法根据长爪沙鼠已知基因序列设计引物,采用PCR产物测序法,对目的片段进行测序鉴定。结合已公布啮齿类动物ATPase8,ATPase6,COX3基因序列,分析其碱基组成、遗传距离、并基于最小进化法和UPGMA法构建系统进化树。结果获得长爪沙鼠线粒体ATPase8,ATPase6,COX3基因全序列,其与家鼠、小家鼠和仓鼠均具有较高的同源性（76～98%）;进化分析结果显示,长爪沙鼠与家鼠、黑家鼠和仓鼠遗传距离较近;碱基G的含量分别为6.9%,10.7%,15.2%,符合mtDNA的特点;A＋T含量分别为68.2%,64.1%,59.2%,明显低于G＋C含量,符合哺乳动物的特点。结论本研究为首次获得长爪沙鼠ATPase8,ATPase6,COX3基因全序列,长爪沙鼠与家鼠、黑家鼠和仓鼠具有较近遗传距离,本研究为长爪沙鼠进化研究、线粒体的结构和功能研究奠定基础。     

叶绿体H^＋—ATPase分子生物学研究进展

本文概述了叶绿体H′-ATPase的生化及分子遗传学研究进展和存在的问题。     

水稻雄蕊成熟导管ATPase的超微结构定位

采用ATPase定位方法研究了水稻农垦58s-SD(可育花药)单核边位至三核期的花丝和药隔成熟导管。单核边位期花丝和药隔成熟导管内无ATPase活性;二核期花丝导管内出现大量的ATPase,导管周围的薄壁细胞中有1-2个优先解体,在导管无次生壁的部位,解体薄壁细胞靠近导管处的质膜ATPase不活跃;二核期药隔导管内也有大量的ATPase活性物,但导管周围细胞解体晚于花丝;三核期花丝和药隔导管内也观察到大量的具或不具ATPase活性的物质。以上结果暗示成熟导管内ATPase活性物(一部分)可能来源于花丝解体细胞。     

水稻雄蕊成熟导管ATPase的超微结构定位

采用ATPase定位方法研究了水稻农垦58s-SD(可育花药）单核边位至三核期的花丝和药隔成熟导管,单核边位期花丝和药隔成熟导管内无ATPase活性;二核期花丝导管内出现大量的ATPase,导管周围的薄壁细胞中有1-2个优先解体,在导管无次生壁的部位,解体薄壁细胞靠近导管处的质膜ATPase不活跃;二核期药隔导管内也有大量的ATPase活性物,但导管周围细胞解体晚于花丝,三核期花丝和药隔导管内也观察到大量的具或不具ATPase活性的物质,以上结果暗示成熟导管内ATPase活性物（一部分）可能来源于花丝解体细胞。     

白细胞介素-2对大鼠心肌Ca2+ATPase和Na+ /K+ATPase的影响

为了探讨IL－2对心肌细胞内钙影响的可能机制,用光学法检测心肌肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性,以及细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase的活性。结果：（1）用IL－2（10、40、200、800U/ml）灌流心脏后,其肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性随IL－2浓度的升高而增强;（2）在ATP浓度为0.1-4mmol/L时,Ca^2 ATPase的活性随ATP浓度的升庙则增强,由IL－2（200U／ml）灌流后的心脏获得肌浆网（SR）,其Ca^2 ATPase的活性对ATP的反应强于对照组;（3）在[Ca^2 ]为1－40μmol/L时,心脏SR Ca^2 ATPase的活性随[Ca^2 ]增加而增强,而IL－2灌流心脏后分离的SR,其Ca^2 ATPase活性在[Ca^2 ]升高时没有明显改变;（4）用nor-BNI(10nmol/L）预处理5min后,IL－2（200U／ml）灌流后不再使SR Ca^2 ATPase的活性增强;（5）用PTX（5mg/L）预处理后,IL－2对SR Ca^2 ATPase的影响减弱;（6）用磷脂酶C（PLC）抑制剂U73122（5μmol/L）处理后,IL－2不再使SR Ca^2 ATPase活性增高;（7）用IL－2直接处理从正常大鼠分离的SR后,对SR Ca^2 ATPase活性无明显影响;（8）IL－2灌流后,对心肌细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase活性没有显著。上述结果表明,IL－2灌流心脏后使心肌肌浆网Ca^2 ATPase的活性增加,心肌细胞膜上的κ－阿片受体及其下游的G蛋白和PLC介导了IL－2的作用。尽管IL－2提高SR Ca^2 ATPase对ATP的反应性,但却抑制SR Ca^2 ATPase对钙离子的敏感性。IL－2对心肌细胞膜Ca^2 ATPase和Na^ /K^ ATPase的活性无明显影响。     

植物质膜H^＋—ATPase的研究进展

植物质膜H~+-ATPase具有控制细胞内环境pH,产生电化学势梯度,促进离子及分子运输,控制细胞伸长生长等生理功能。它含有大约100kD的催化亚基,8～10个跨膜的螺旋,使ATP水解与H~+运输相偶联。酶活性受植物激素、脂类和蛋白激酶等因子调节。此酶已被成功地分离、纯化、重组和分子克隆。     

Does a proton-pumping ATPase exist in the tonoplast?

In order to account for the accumulation of metabolites in plant vacuoles, the existence of a proton-pumping ATPase has been widely suggested in the literature. The demonstration of such a tonoplast-bound ATPase was merely based on the characterization of a nitrate-sensitive microsomal fraction. In some examples, this ATPase activity has been evidenced on vacuole preparations obtained under conditions which were criticized by Boller. The application of the reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) to the simultaneous separation of adenine nucleotides, in the presence of tonoplast vesicles isolated from Catharanthus roseus, showed results not necessarily correlated with the ATPase hypothesis. Moreover, in light of the H+-quenching of quinacrine fluorescence observed during ATP hydrolysis by vacuoles or tonoplast vesicles, the existence of a proton-pumping ATPase may be questioned.     

ATPase旋转催化运动的随机跃迁动力学研究

ATP合酶既可在跨膜质子势的推动下催化合成ATP,也可以利用水解ATP释放的化学能而充当质子泵,把质子从线粒体基质中输送到内膜外侧,其能量转化效率却高得惊人,几乎达到100%。在旋转分子马达ATP合酶结构为基础上,结合随机主方程方法,提出了描述旋转分子马达ATPase合酶四态随机跃迁不等距旋转催化运动的理论模型;得到其角速度、扩散系数与ATP浓度之间的变化关系,并且得出了符合旋转分子马达生物机理的结果,定性半定量地解释了其动力学行为。     

胁迫反应中的液泡膜H^＋—ATPase

在简要阐述植物细胞液泡膜上V型H＋-ATPase的基本结构和一般特性的基础上,介绍在胁迫应答中,该酶通过改变分子结构,调节其功能及其在植物细胞信号转导中可能存在的调节机制,以及液泡膜V型H＋-ATPase在植物抗逆生理行为中的重要作用。     

一种简便、灵敏的ATPase活性测定法

现有的ATPase活性测定方法是利用分光光度法,偶联丙酮酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的反应,测定NADH在340nm处光密度的减少,求出ATP的水解量,以及利用~(32)γ-ATP同位素测定或用比色法测定ATP水解的Pi等,后一方法因实验条件简单,仍是最常用的分析方法。Fiske建立的钼蓝比色法虽经改进,灵敏度仍较低。Itaya发现磷钼酸与孔雀石绿生成的复合物,有很高的克分子消光系数,可用于灵敏测定Pi。但用于ATPase分析时,酸性钼酸催化的底物ATP非酶促水解,将严重干扰对酶活性的测定。Lanzetta利用柠檬酸淬灭新生Pi(如     

Is the Paracoccus halodenitrificans ATPase a chimeric enzyme?

Membranes from Paracoccus halodenitrificans contain an ATPase that is most active in the absence of NaCl. The most unusual characteristic of the enzyme is its pattern of sensitivity to various inhibitors. Azide and rhodamine 6G, inhibitors of F1F0-ATPases, inhibit ATP hydrolysis as do bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A (folimycin), N-ethylmaleimide, and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate which are inhibitors of vacuolar ATPases. This indiscriminate sensitivity suggests that this ATPase may be a hybrid and that caution should be exercised when using inhibition as a diagnostic for distinguishing between F1F0-ATPases and vacuolar ATPases.     

玉米细胞质分子伴侣Hsp70的ATPase活性

玉米胚乳细胞中纯化的细胞质Ｈｓｐ７０蛋白有低水平的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性,它在５０ ℃、ｐＨ５ ．８ 、２０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ 条件下活性最高,Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋ 抑制其活性。大肠杆菌ＤｎａＪ蛋白能将玉米细胞质Ｈｓｐ７０ 的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性提高６倍,而ＧｒｐＥ 蛋白对其影响很小。８ 种不同的人工合成多肽均能刺激该蛋白的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性,增加幅度从２ ．５ 倍到１０ 倍不等。亲水性不同的氨基酸对Ｈｓｐ７０ 的ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性影响不同。玉米细胞质Ｈｓｐ７０ 是一个三磷酸核苷酸酶,除ＡＴＰ 外,它还能催化ＵＴＰ、ＧＴＰ、ＣＴＰ和ＩＴＰ的水解     

Is Na + K ATPase a Myelin-Associated Enzyme?

The Na + K ATPase activity associated with purified myelin has been investigated. On the basis of marker enzyme studies, the Na + K ATPase activity of myelin was higher than could be accounted for by microsomal contamination. Fractions prepared from white matter-enriched areas of rat brain showed a threefold enrichment in Na + K ATPase activity in myelin as compared with the white matter homogenate. The ATPase activity in myelin was stimulated fourfold by treatment with sodium deoxycholate, but the activity in the whole brain homogenate and the microsomal fraction was only doubled. This discontinuity temperature for Na + K ATPase activity was significantly higher for the myelin fraction (29 degrees C) than for the microsomal fraction (21 degrees C), but the energies of activation, both above and below the discontinuity temperature, were the same for both fractions, Myelin Na + K ATPase had a lower affinity for strophanthidin than the microsomal enzyme, but both fractions were inhibited to the same extent by 10-3 M-strophanthidin. The evidence thus indicated that much of the ATPase activity of myelin is not the result of microsomal contamination. Although the possibility of axolemmal contamination cannot be ruled out conclusively, indirect evidence suggest that this is not a significant factor and that Na + K ATPase may be a myelin-associated enzyme.     

玉米细胞质分子伴侣Hsp70的ATPase活性

玉米胚乳细胞中纯化的细胞质Ｈｓｐ７０蛋白有低水平的ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,它在５０℃、ＰＨ５．８、２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ条件下活性最高,Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋抑制其活性。大肠杆菌ＤｎａＪ蛋白能将玉米细胞质Ｈｓｐ７０的ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性提高６倍,而ＧｒｐＥ蛋白对其影响很小。８种不同的人工合成多肽均能刺激该蛋白折ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,增加幅度从２．５倍到１０倍痫水性不同的氨基酸对Ｈｓｐ７０的ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性影响