内蒙古三个双峰驼主产区的蝇种比较研究

为了研究双峰驼Camelus bactrianus斯氏副柔线虫病传播媒介——吸血蝇的分布,对内蒙古阿拉善盟、乌兰察布市和巴彦淖尔市3个双峰驼主产区的蝇类进行了网捕,对捕捉到的7 153只蝇进行了形态学鉴定,共鉴定出9科17属25种,其中3种为吸血蝇,即西方角蝇Haematobia irritans、截脉角蝇H.titillans和厩螫蝇Stomoxys calcitrans;比较分析了3个地区双峰驼生活环境的优势蝇种、蝇种多样性指标及相似程度,发现3个地区的优势蝇种各不相同:蝇种丰富度指数以巴彦淖尔市最高;物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均较低,以阿拉善盟最高、巴彦淖尔市最低;阿拉善盟蝇种与其他2个地区极不相似,巴彦淖尔市蝇种与乌兰察布市中等不相似。     

四川雅安地区室内蝇类监测简报

1988年至1989年,作者对雅安地区蝇类在年周期中室内数量变化用目测法在100间不同类型的房屋内进行了监测。共监测成蝇标本6714只,隶属3科7属8种。简报如下。1蝇类群落组成所观察6714只标本中,其群落组成(%)从大到小序列依次为:家蝇(84.56)、巨尾阿丽蝇(9.28)、丝光绿蝇(2.98)、大头金蝇(2.28)、厩腐蝇(0.31)、麻蝇(含棕尾别麻蝇、白头亚麻蝇与黑尾黑麻蝇,0.28)、斑蹠黑蝇(0.71)及巴浦绿蝇(0.14)。从上述情况可以看出,家蝇为当地室内绝对优势种。2阳房率及其密度指数所监测7200间住房中,有蝇房间465间,阳房率6.46%,成蝇密度指数为0.93。各该…     

红毛羽毛蚜蝇幼期生物学特性的初步研究

通过红毛羽毛蚜蝇Pararctophila oberthueri Herve室内饲养,对红毛羽毛蚜蝇幼期形态特征及生物学特性进行观察和研究。结果表明：在自然条件下,幼期每世代历期为25～30天,卵的孵化时间为2.52天,幼虫期为18．25天,蛹的羽化时间8．45天,幼期历期的长短受食物及温度影响。     

家蝇巨螯螨的生活史及其养殖方法

本文报告家蝇巨螯螨的发育历期与人工养殖方法。每只雌螨每天可产卵约20个,一生可产100个左右。从卵到成虫需3～4天,完成一个世代需10天左右。用牛粪加蝇卵饲养的螨发育历期比单纯用牛粪或加线虫的历期为短,并且产卵历期长,产卵量也大。文中并比较了两种养螨方法,提出优选方法与注意事项。     

铜色长角沼蝇的习性和生活史的初步观察（双翅目：沼蝇科）

长角沼蝇属幼虫可捕食鸭血吸虫(毛毕吸虫属)的中间宿主椎实螺。鸭血吸虫的尾蚴也可导致人的稻田皮炎;另一方面．长角沼蝇属的卵又是稻螟赤眼蜂(稻田螟虫卵的天敌)天然的交替寄主：因此长角沼蝇对卫生和农业都是有益的．本初步观察了华东地区一种常见的长角沼蝇——铜色长角沼蝇的成蝇形态特征、活动场所．出现季节,螺类宿主、幼虫食性和生活史．成虫寿命在春季为2个月。夏季为40-50天,一卵块通常含20-30个卵;幼虫以活椎实螺饲养．幼虫是否能攻击活的椎实螺,视幼虫期和宿主螺大小有关;自卵产下发育到羽化为成虫,平均温度在26℃时约需20天,在32℃时约为13天。     

家蝇巨螯螨的侵袭行为及其对蝇类的影响

本文报道1983年4月至1984年9月对家蝇巨螯螨的某些行为的观察研究结果,包括对跗节1形态的扫描电镜观察,以及截肢前后侵袭家蝇的行为。见到跗节1有约10根毛状感受器,它们在感觉和寻找宿主上起重要作用。该螨对腐食性蝇类,如家蝇、厩腐蝇、夏厕蝇等具有较强的侵袭力。该螨在附着蝇体当螨量超过10只时,宿主卵巢滤泡发育受抑制,寿命缩短。每只雌螨每天平均消耗2个蝇卵,每4只雌螨每天平均消耗1条1龄蝇类幼虫。另外,也观察到家蝇成虫的日龄与性别对螨的诱引力没有明显差异,而卵的新鲜程度却有明显的差异。最后,对实验结果加以讨论,并对该螨的研究和利用提出一些建议。     

豌豆彩潜蝇幼期各虫态的形态学研究

【目的】豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)是我国蔬菜上常见的一种重要害虫,目前尚未见该虫幼期卵到蛹各虫态形态特征的系统研究。【方法】本研究采用野外取样和室内饲养的方法收集豌豆彩潜蝇的卵、不同龄期的幼虫以及蛹,对该虫从卵期到羽化成成虫的全过程进行了详细的观察,并通过测量幼虫口钩和头咽骨的长度对幼虫龄期进行了划分。【结果】卵期观察到了豌豆彩潜蝇及其他潜蝇科昆虫中从未记述过的卵的呼吸角。利用口钩和头咽骨长度将幼虫划分为3个龄期,并对不同龄期幼虫的形态特征进行了比较和描述,确定了通过骨化结构对幼虫龄期准确鉴定和通过外部形态快速鉴定的方法。根据豌豆彩潜蝇蛹期发育的形态特征变化将蛹期划分为5个明显的发育阶段。【结论】本研究记述了豌豆彩潜蝇卵到蛹期的形态特征并对幼虫龄期进行了划分,为潜蝇幼虫和蛹的形态学及豌豆彩潜蝇生物学、生理学和防治研究提供基础。     

美国白蛾的天敌——日本追寄蝇

美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea Drury隶属鳞翅目灯蛾科,是一种世界性检疫对象,近年来在我国辽宁省丹东市发现。日本追寄蝇Exorista japonica Townsend经饲养,由美国白蛾幼虫中育出,现将该种寄蝇的生物学和利用途径介绍和探讨如下。 一、生物学特性 日本追寄蝇系大卵型寄蝇,雌蝇将尚未完成胚胎发育的卵,产于寄主体表,待幼虫孵化后,钻入寄主体腔。据北京地区初步观察,每年发生3—4代。7—9月饲养观察,完成一个世代需经16—17天。10月中旬最后一代脱蛆化蛹于土壤中越冬。卵期4—5天,幼虫期4—6天,蛹期7—8天。羽化后的成蝇能多次交配,每次所历时间长短不一,长的可达6小时,短的为2小时;雌蝇在自然界中较雄蝇迟数日出     

硬蜱一些生物学特性的研究

实验室内饲养17种硬蜱,分析和比较了它们生长发育的一些特性.硬蜱成虫、幼虫和若虫的吸血时间受温度影响不大.同一种成虫在不同寄主上吸血时间略有差别.雌虫吸血时间的长短与其生理年龄和与雄虫交配的早晚有关.雄虫较雌虫吸血时间稍长.产卵前期、产卵期、孵化期及饱食幼虫和若虫的蜕化期在不同月份有较大差异,受温度影响很大.其中,产卵前期是生活史中变异范围最大者,有些种类还具有产卵延迟的滞育现象.     

绵阳市城镇有瓣蝇类初步调查

1990年5月—10月,采用笼诱法及粘蝇带法,对绵阳城区,北川、梓潼县城作了蝇类种群、密度以及季节消长调查,现将结果简报于后:捕获蝇类71729只,经分类鉴定隶属于6科24属43种。平均密度室内为2.4只/条·24小时,室外23.61只/笼·小时。室外主要以丝光绿蝇Lucilia sercata为优势种,密度8.55,其次是铜绿蝇Lucilia porphyrina为4.1、大头金蝇Chrysomyia megacephala3.07、家蝇Musca dometica2.36;室内以家蝇为优势种,为2.3,其次是厩腐蝇Muscina stabulans0.03、大头金蝇0.02。蝇类密度最高月份室外为6、8月,分别是36.68、36.29,室内最高的是7月,…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.