中国蒙古族的身高特征

研究目前中国蒙古族主要族群身高情况。对中国蒙古族共13个族群4410例（男43%,女57%）成人身高进行了测量,分析蒙古族身高分型情况,探讨不同年龄组之间、不同族群之间的身高变化趋势。中国蒙古族男性为超中等身材,女性为中等身材。在13个族群中,男性是额济纳土尔扈特部身高最高,云南蒙古族身材最矮。女性是鄂尔多斯部身材最高,云南蒙古族身材最矮。3个年龄组间身高差异均具有统计学意义。男性、女性都以高型出现率最高,过矮型出现率和很高型出现率都很低。中国蒙古族身高与中国其他北方族群接近,高于7个中国南方族群,低于北方汉族,但高于南方汉族,低于日本人、韩国人。中国蒙古族13个族群间身高差异均具有统计学意义,在中国族群中蒙古族属于身材较高的族群。     

Orcadian Variation in Human Stature

Thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃) plasma concentrations have been determined during 24-hr sampling periods in six mongrels (age 12-36 months), six beagles (age 35-37 months), three labradors (age 3.5 months) and three beagles (age 5 months). The mean T₄ levels of the labradors were significantly lower than the values found for mongrels or older beagles (P < 0.05), whereas T₃ was higher in the 5 month old beagles compared to the mongrels (P < 0.001), young beagles (P < 0.05) or labradors (P < 0.01).

Circadian and ultradian rhythmicities have been evaluated by cosinor and Fourier analysis. Mongrels and older beagles did have a 12-hr rhythmicity in plasma T₄ (P < 0.05), whereas 5 month old beagles had a circadian one (P < 0.01). A 12-hr rhythmicity was also found for T₃ in the older Beagles (P < 0.05). However, Fourier analysis indicated that the daily variation in T₄ and T₃ plasma levels was inadequately mathematically described by single sinusoidal rhythm and that more harmonic components are to be taken into account.

The obtained data during a 24-hr period indicate that T₄ and T₃ concentrations in plasma may vary according to breed, age and sampling hour.     

Stature in Holocene foragers of North India

The Ganga Plain of North India provides an archaeological and skeletal record of semi‐nomadic Holocene foragers in association with an aceramic Mesolithic culture. Prior estimates of stature for Mesolithic Lake Cultures (MLC) used inappropriate equations from an American White reference group and need revision. Attention is given to intralimb body proportions and geo‐climatic provenance of MLC series in considering the most suitable reference population. Regression equations from ancient Egyptians are used in reconstructing stature for MLC skeletal series from Damdama (DDM), Mahadaha (MDH), and Sarai Nahar Rai (SNR). Mean stature is estimated at between 174 (MDH) and 178 cm (DDM and SNR) for males, and between 163 cm (MDH) and 179 cm (SNR) for females. Stature estimates based on ancient Egyptian equations are significantly shorter (from 3.5 to 7.1 cm shorter in males; from 3.2 to 7.5 cm shorter in females) than estimates using the American White reference group. Revised stature estimates from tibia length and from femur + tibia more accurately estimate MLC stature for two reasons: a) these elements are highly correlated with stature and have lower standard estimates of error, and b) uncertainty regarding methods of measuring tibia length is avoided. When compared with Holocene samples of native Americans and Mesolithic Europeans, MLC series from North India are tall. This aspect of their biological variation confirms earlier assessments and results from the synergistic influence of balanced nutrition from broad‐spectrum foraging, body‐proportions adapted to a seasonally hot and arid climate, and the functional demands of a mobile, semi‐nomadic life‐style. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:408–416, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Stature estimation in prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio

In the present report we investigate stature estimation techniques in a sample of 64 (35 male, 29 female) prehistoric Native Americans from Ohio. Because living stature is unknown for these 64 individuals, we use Fully's (1956) anatomical method to provide the best estimates of living stature. In this method all osseous components of skeletal height are measured and soft tissue correction is added. Comparisons of regression equations commonly used for stature estimation in prehistoric Eastern Woodland Native American populations, but developed for East Asian and East Asian-derived populations (using lower extremity components), show that these commonly used equations consistently yield stature estimates 2 to 8 cm in excess of the best estimates from Fully's method. Based on the skeletal height measures of the 64 individuals in the present sample, we develop regression equations for the estimation of stature. These equations yield stature estimates virtually identical to estimates from Fully's method and may prove useful for stature reconstruction in other prehistoric Eastern Woodland Native American populations.     

The Benefits of Myrmecochory: A Matter of Stature

Myrmecochory, or seed dispersal by ants, occurs widely in angiosperms, and particularly in temperate forest herbs in the northern Hemisphere and sclerophyll shrubs in Mediterranean‐climate landscapes. The lipid‐rich elaiosome on the seed provides nutrition to the ants; however, how the plant benefits from myrmecochory remains unclear. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the Euphorbiaceae species in the semi‐arid Caatinga vegetation region of northeastern Brazil, and show that myrmecochory strongly associates with small plant stature, even after controlling for seed size. The association of myrmecochory with small stature suggests that the primary benefit to plants concerns distance of dispersal, which reduces parental and sibling competition.     

Stature estimation from long bone lengths in Bulgarians

The purpose of the present study is to develop a new regression procedure for predicting the stature from the length of the limb long bones taking into account sex- and age-related changes. The statures and lengths of humerus (H), tibia (T) and fibula (Fi) were measured in 416 forensic cases (286 male and 130 female adult Bulgarians). The measurements of the bones and the stature were made on cadavers before autopsy. Stature regression analysis is performed for each of the three bones, as well as for a combination of humerus and tibia. There is a possibility of applying five different procedures with regard of the effect of aging on stature decrease. Resulting models are tested for outliers and heteroskedasticity. Regression parameters, their standard deviations, standard error of the regression, Anova test for model adequacy and the covariance matrix of regression parameters are calculated. The confidence intervals of the error term are determined. Nomograms for a direct application of the results are constructed where it is convenient. The method provides better and more reliable results of stature estimation for the Bulgarian population than other formulae.     

掌骨X线测量推断身高的研究

随机选取在校健康大学生186人(男90人, 女96人, 年龄18—27岁), 拍摄双手后前位372侧X线片, 测量身高和掌骨的长与宽。通过掌骨和身高的测量, 分析掌骨各参数与身高的关系, 为人类学和法医学的身高推断积累研究资料。掌骨长与身高的相关性明显高于掌骨宽, 其中男性第2掌骨长与身高相关性最高, 其线性回归方程为Ym=1097.320+9.337X; 女性第3掌骨长与身高的相关性最高, 其线性回归方程为Yf=1016.752+9.878X。男性第2掌骨长和女性第3掌骨长与身高的相关性最高, 可分别作为推断身高的依据。     

Inheritance of Variegation

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