Rh isoimmunization,Manitoba, 1963-75.

The number of Rh-isoimmunized pregnancies in Manitoba has been reduced from 223 and 228 in the years ending Oct. 31, 1963 and 1964 to 60 and 62 in the years ending Oct. 31, 1974 and 1975. The number per 1000 total births in the same years has decreased from 10.0 and 10.6 to 3.4 and 3.5 Perinatal mortality rates in those years decreased from 13.8 amd 15.7% to 0 and 2.2%, respectively. The number of perinatal deaths has been reduced from 55 in the first 2 years reported to 1 in the last 2 years. Among the 121 isoimmunized women pregnant in the 2-year period ending Oct. 31, 1975, isoimmunization was due to failure to give Rh immune globulin after delivery in 33 and failure to give it during pregnancy in 48. Of the remaining 40, 37 were immunized before Rh immune globulin became available. Complete prevention of Rh isoimmunization and therefore of all perinatal deaths from Rh erythroblastosis can only be achieved through universal Rh testing prenatally and immediately after delivery, and institution of an antenatal Rh prophylaxis program.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌ColR75E胶原酶的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

目的:为了进一步了解蜡样芽孢杆菌R75E胶原酶colR75E的特性,在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达colR75E胶原酶,并对表达的重组胶原酶进行纯化以及酶学性质研究。方法:以蜡样芽孢杆菌R75E基因组DNA为模板采用PCR法获得胶原酶colR75E基因,构建pET28a/colR75E重组质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,利用Ni-NTA纯化的方式获得高纯度ColR75E胶原酶,利用胶原酶谱、胶原酶活力测定、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白降解产物电泳检测等方式对ColR75E胶原酶的酶学特性进行分析。结果:通过Ni-NTA纯化获得的蛋白经胶原酶谱、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白降解产物的检测时均表现出胶原蛋白的降解能力。在标准条件下测得其比活力为3.62 U/mg,Km为25.55μmol/L(2.93 mg/ml),Vmax为5.71μmol/(mg·min)。ColR75E胶原酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最佳反应p H为8.0。此外,ColR75E胶原酶对于不高于50℃的温度以及pH6.0~8.0的酸碱度范围具有良好的稳定性。ColR75E胶原酶可被Ca2+激活、但被Zn2+、Pb2+、Fe2+、Mn2+等金属离子抑制,抑制能力依次为Pb2+Zn2+Fe2+Mn2+。ColR75E胶原酶对EDTA和EGTA的高敏感性进一步证实了该胶原酶为一种金属蛋白酶。结论:利用大肠杆菌原核表达系统获得高纯度高活性的蜡样芽孢杆菌胶原酶是可行的,为该胶原酶广泛应用于医疗、食品等工业领域中奠定了理论基础。     

NADE, a p75NTR-associated cell death executor, is involved in signal transduction mediated by the common neurotrophin receptor p75NTR

The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells by NGF and other neurotrophins. To elucidate p75NTR-mediated signal transduction, we screened p75NTR-associated proteins by a yeast two-hybrid system. We identified one positive clone and named NADE (p75NTR-associated cell death executor). Mouse NADE has marked homology to the human HGR74 protein. NADE specifically binds to the cell-death domain of p75NTR. Co-expression of NADE and p75NTR induced caspase-2 and caspase-3 activities and the fragmentation of nuclear DNA in 293T cells. However, in the absence of p75NTR, NADE failed to induce apoptosis, suggesting that NADE expression is necessary but insufficient for p75NTR-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, p75NTR/NADE-induced cell death was dependent on NGF but not BDNF, NT-3, or NT-4/5, and the recruitment of NADE to p75NTR (intracellular domain) was dose-dependent. We obtained similar results from PC12 cells, nnr5 cells, and oligodendrocytes. Taken together, NADE is the first signaling adaptor molecule identified in the involvement of p75NTR-mediated apoptosis induced by NGF, and it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurogenetic diseases.     

NGF及其受体TrkA、p75在翼状胬肉组织中的表达

目的 研究翼状胬肉组织中的NGF及其受体TrkA、p75蛋白表达,探讨其与翼状胬肉形成的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学检测30例翼状胬肉组织以及5例正常结膜组织中NGF、TrkA和p75蛋白的表达。结果NGF、TrkA和p75蛋白在翼状胬肉组织的上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞中呈阳性表达;NGF、TrkA蛋白在正常结膜组织上皮细胞和成纤维细胞中呈弱阳性表达;p75蛋白仅在正常结膜组织上皮细胞中呈弱阳性表达。结论NGF、TrkA、p75可能共同参与翼状胬肉的发生、发展过程。