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Anaemia is common in patients older than 75 years. Patho-physiologic mechanisms of anaemia are similar to that involved in younger patients even though certain mechanisms are more common in the elderly. Practical decisional algorithms have to be used for the diagnosis of anaemia. Risk factors for anaemia have been identified in this age group: institutionalization, bad socio-economic conditions, co-morbid conditions. Particular emphasis is given to several points:
- The clinical tolerance of anaemia is the most important feature to take into account in older patients, rather than the decline of the haemoglobin level. Even if the haemoglobin level is only slightly decreased, evaluation of anaemia should be performed by the geriatrician, including, if needed, the achievement of a bone-marrow aspiration.
- Causes of anaemia are often multiple, due to frequent comorbid conditions and acute illnesses, associated with nutritional deficiencies, inflammation… Chronic kidney disease and dysthyroidia are also common.
- Nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate and/or B12 deficiency) are frequent and their cause has to be identified.
- The prevalence of myelodysplastic syndromes, which are clonal diseases, is probably underestimated in this age group.
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Sans résuméReçu par la rédaction le 28.I.1954. 相似文献
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Monotritylation of O-acetyl derivatives of D-xylopyranose and D-xylofuranose with trityl chloride in acetonitrile-pyridine gave the tri-O-acetyl derivatives of 1-,2-, 3-, and 5-O-trityl-D-xylofuranose and of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-O-trityl-D-xylopyranose which were required for the identification of the various monotrityl derivatives obtained in the tritylation at 50° of D-xylose with trityl chloride in pyridine or hexamethylphosphoric triamide-silver acetate. 相似文献
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《L'Anthropologie》2021,125(2):102864
The identification of dietary habits is increasingly seen as a fundamental aspect for studying the ancient human populations. Accordingly, several projects aiming to identify Paleolithic individuals’ dietary patterns were developed to analyze the organic component of bone tissue and identify isotopic markers to reconstruct the food typology. Bone fragments from six individuals were selected for carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis. The interpretation of human isotopic data was framed through a dataset of twenty-one Italian Paleolithic individuals. The isotopic data generated for the Paleolithic individuals agree with the information already provided by the archaeological record concerning the Italian hunter and gatherer communities. Their subsistence economy was essentially grounded upon the exploitation of high protein foods, either from terrestrial fauna resources or inland lacustrine or riverine species. 相似文献
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《L'Anthropologie》2021,125(5):102951
Many studies and discussions have been made on the problem of when the earliest human beings appeared in Japan. In general, hominid fossils in the latest Pleistocene are not preserved except for coralline limestone sequence in Ryukyu islands, but earlier Paleolithic tools were excavated from volcanic ash soil with a 14C age of about 30,000–35,000 yr. BP or younger at several archeological sites in almost all Japan. Recent studies, however, show a need for revision and refinement of these ages because calibration techniques have progressed from conventional to calendar ages and high-resolution oxygen isotope chronology has given a global standard sequence. Aïra-Tn tephra (AT), the most important time-marker of the Paleolithic age in Japan, was formerly dated at 21,000–22,000 yr 14C BP by conventional radiocarbon methods but was dated again at ca. 24,500 yr 14C BP by accelerated mass spectrometry radiocarbon methods. However, it has been further calibrated to a high-resolution calendar age of 30,000 cal yr. by varve chronology of lake sediments of Suigetsu of central Japan, well matched with combined date between oxygen isotope dates based and calibration from AMS radiocarbon dates. As the earliest Paleolithic tools in south Kanto are found in volcanic ash soil significantly below AT ash and above Sambe-Ikeda ash (SI, ca.46 ka), just above the oxygen isotopic stage 3.3, they are estimated to be dated slightly older than 40 ka. Palaeo-environment at that time is estimated mild to cool climate and relatively low sea level after the oxygen isotope stage 3.3. Sill land bridges between Japan islands and continents have not been formed at major straits. We have not yet obtained useful data for calibration older than ca. 45 ka. Also, correlation of oxygen isotopic fluctuation with the terrestrial sequences is incomplete in Stage 3. 相似文献
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Eric Huyghe Mehdi Khedis Nicolas Doumerc Pierre Labarthe Matthieu Thoulouzan Michel Soulie Jean Marc Bachaud Christine Chevreau Patrick Thonneau 《Andrologie》2006,16(3):235-239
Objectives
Testicular cancer is the leading cancer of young adults and its incidence is increasing in almost all industrialized countries. The survival rate after testicular cancer is 95%, all stages combined, but a group of patients with poor prognosis still fails to respond to treatment. The time to diagnosis is defined as the time in months between perception of the first symptoms of testicular cancer by the patient and the diagnosis of the disease by the doctor. The objective of this study is to determine whether the time to diagnosis has a prognostic value, particularly whether it is correlated with the stage of the disease and survival.Material and Methods
The time to diagnosis was studied in 542 patients with a diagnosis of testicular cancer between 1983 and 2002 in the Midi-Pyrenées region. Information concerning the disease and treatments contained in medical files was collected on a summary document. The time to diagnosis was correlated with prognostic parameters, including stage and survival.Results
The mean time to diagnosis was 3.7±5.1 months and was longer for seminomas (4.9±6.1 months) than for non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) (2.8 ±4.0 months). The time to diagnosis was correlated with the stage of the disease and the 5-year survival on the overall population and in the NSGCT group, but not in the seminoma group.Conclusions
Early diagnosis has a prognostic value (correlation with stage of the disease and 5-year survival rate). Testicular cancer information campaigns should therefore be envisaged. 相似文献10.
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L’épidémiologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires est étonnante, et apparemment contradictoire. 相似文献
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The responsabilities of the professionals are numerous and various. As an exemple, we discuss the french law (29 july 1994) about the practice of reproductive biology. There are three levels of responsabilities: ? civil liability concern the damage to somebody, the means, information, confidentiality. ? penal code concern the integrity of somebody, the safety of the staff and of the patients. ? administrative. All the professionals must be aware of the legislation and the penalties they might incur. 相似文献
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《L'Anthropologie》2019,123(2):478-484
The paper deals with the artifact found during the realization of a salvage archaeological project connected with the construction of the railway from Kyzyl to Kuragino (the Krasnoyarsk Region, South Siberia) in 2012. During the exploration of the multicomponent habitation site of Irba 2 below the Holocene cultural strata the Pleistocene remains have been unearthed. These include bones of bison, reindeer, red deer, giant deer, wild horse, brown bear and hare, lithics, and pieces of worked antler. Radiocarbon dates indicate the Final Pleistocene age (ca. 13 to 11 kyr BP). The assemblage belongs to the Afontova culture dominated in the upper reaches of Yenisei during the Final Upper Paleolithic. The rare finding, an unique engraved oval-shaped flat pebble of white marble is worth to mention. It has 37 lateral grooves, cross-shaped engravings in the central parts of both lateral surfaces and traces of unfinished hollows. The nearest analogs are agalmatolite discs from the sites of Afontova Gora II and III located at Krasnoyarsk. These findings are rare in the Paleolithic and could be considered as amulets. 相似文献